Organic Chemistry, ORGANIC 8th Edition CHEMISTRY L.G.Wade,Jr. Chapter 2 Lecture Structure and Properties of Organic Molecules .WAD E,JR Rizalia Klausmeyer Baylor University Waco,TX 2013 Pearson Education,Inc. ALWAYS LEARNING PEARSON
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 2 Lecture Organic Chemistry, 8 th Edition L. G. Wade, Jr. Structure and Properties of Organic Molecules © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Rizalia Klausmeyer Baylor University Waco, TX
Wave Properties of Electrons nodal plane nucleus represented by nucleus wave function (instantaneous picture) nodal plane Standing wave vibrates in fixed location. Wave function,y,is a mathematical description of size,shape,and orientation. Amplitude may be positive or negative. Node:Amplitude is zero. 2013 Pearson Education,Inc. Chapter 2 2
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Wave Properties of Electrons • Standing wave vibrates in fixed location. • Wave function, , is a mathematical description of size, shape, and orientation. • Amplitude may be positive or negative. • Node: Amplitude is zero. Chapter 2 2
Linear Combination of Atomic Orbitals Combining orbitals between two different atoms is bond formation. Combining orbitals on the same atom is hybridization. Conservation of orbitals Waves that are in phase add together. Amplitude increases. Waves that are out of phase cancel out 2013 Pearson Education,Inc. Chapter 2 3
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Linear Combination of Atomic Orbitals • Combining orbitals between two different atoms is bond formation. • Combining orbitals on the same atom is hybridization. • Conservation of orbitals • Waves that are in phase add together. Amplitude increases. • Waves that are out of phase cancel out. Chapter 2 3
Sigma Bonding Electron density lies between the nuclei. A bond may be formed by s-s,p-p, s-p,or hybridized orbital overlaps. The bonding molecular orbital (MO)is lower in energy than the original atomic orbitals. The antibonding MO is higher in energy than the atomic orbitals. 2013 Pearson Education,Inc. Chapter 2 4
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Sigma Bonding • Electron density lies between the nuclei. • A bond may be formed by s—s, p—p, s—p, or hybridized orbital overlaps. • The bonding molecular orbital (MO) is lower in energy than the original atomic orbitals. • The antibonding MO is higher in energy than the atomic orbitals. Chapter 2 4
o Bonding MO Constructive interaction:The two 1s orbitals are in phase and have the same sign. add bonding molecular orbital represented by: a bonding MO Formation of a o bonding MO:When the 1s orbitals of two hydrogen atoms overlap in phase with each other,they interact constructively to form a bonding MO. 2013 Pearson Education,Inc. Chapter 2 5
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. s Bonding MO Formation of a s bonding MO: When the 1s orbitals of two hydrogen atoms overlap in phase with each other, they interact constructively to form a bonding MO. Chapter 2 5