Organic Chemistry,7th Edition L.G.Wade,Jr. Chapter 26 Synthetic Polymers Copyright 2010 Pearson Education,Inc
Chapter 26 Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Organic Chemistry, 7th Edition L. G. Wade, Jr. Synthetic Polymers
Introduction A polymer is a large molecule composed of many smaller repeating units. First synthetic polymers: Poly(vinyl chloride)in 1838. ■Polystyrene in1839. Now,250 billion pounds are produced annually,worldwide. Chapter 26 2
Chapter 26 2 Introduction ▪ A polymer is a large molecule composed of many smaller repeating units. ▪ First synthetic polymers: ▪ Poly(vinyl chloride) in 1838. ▪ Polystyrene in 1839. ▪ Now, 250 billion pounds are produced annually, worldwide
Classes of Polymers Addition,or chain-growth,polymers. repeating unit H CI H H H vinyl chloride poly(vinyl chloride) Copyright2010 Pearson Prentice Hall,Inc. Condensation,or step-growth,polymers. C0o-ct wo cn.on limethyl terephthalate repeating unit 0-CH-CH一OH+2nCH,OH Dacron"polyester Copyright2010 Pearson Prentice Hall.Inc. Chapter 26 3
Chapter 26 3 Classes of Polymers ▪ Addition, or chain-growth, polymers. ▪ Condensation, or step-growth, polymers
TABLE 26-1 Some of the Most Important Addition Polymers Polymer Polymer Uses Monomer Formula Polymer Repeating Unit polyethylene hottles.bags,films H,C-CH, 十CH,一CH+ polypropylene plastics,olefin fibers polystyrene plastics.foam insuation -cH,-CH poly(isobutylene) specialired rubbers CH poly(vinylchloride) vinyl plastics.films,water pipe poly(acrylonitrile) Orion",Acrilan"tiber 1-81 poly(methyl a-mcthacrylate) acrylic fibers, Plexiglas Lucite paints CH,- C-OCH poly(methyl a-cyanoacrylate) uper”gho poly(tetrafluoroethylene) +CF-CF士 Copyright 2010 Pearson Prentice Hall,Inc. Chapter 26 4
Chapter 26 4
Addition Polymers -Three kinds of intermediates: ·Free radicals ·Carbocations Carbanions Examples of addition polymers: Polypropylene plastics Polystyrene foam insulation ·Poly(acrylonitrile),Orlon®fiber -Poly(methyl a-methacrylate),Plexiglas Chapter 26 5
Chapter 26 5 Addition Polymers ▪ Three kinds of intermediates: ▪ Free radicals ▪ Carbocations ▪ Carbanions ▪ Examples of addition polymers: ▪ Polypropylene plastics ▪ Polystyrene foam insulation ▪ Poly(acrylonitrile), Orlon® fiber ▪ Poly(methyl -methacrylate), Plexiglas®