Organic Chemistry, ORGANIC 8th Edition CHEMISTRY L.G.Wade,Jr. Chapter 4 Lecture The Study of Chemical Reactions G.WADE,JR Rizalia Klausmeyer Baylor University Waco,TX 2013 Pearson Education,Inc. ALWAYS LEARNING PEARSON
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 4 Lecture Organic Chemistry, 8 th Edition L. G. Wade, Jr. The Study of Chemical Reactions © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Rizalia Klausmeyer Baylor University Waco, TX
Introduction ·Overall reaction:reactants→products To learn more about a reaction: Thermodynamics is the study of the energy changes that accompany chemical and physical transformations. Kinetics is the study of reaction rates. Mechanism:Step-by-step description of how the reaction happens. 2013 Pearson Education,Inc. Chapter 4 2
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Introduction • Overall reaction: reactants → products • To learn more about a reaction: ▪ Thermodynamics is the study of the energy changes that accompany chemical and physical transformations. ▪ Kinetics is the study of reaction rates. • Mechanism: Step-by-step description of how the reaction happens. Chapter 4 2
Chlorination of Methane H H一C-H CI-CI heat or light H- H-CI H H methane chlorine chloromethane hydrogen (methyl chloride) chloride 201 Peasn Eamon re Requires heat or light for initiation. The most effective wavelength is blue,which is absorbed by chlorine gas. Many molecules of product are formed from absorption of only one photon of light(chain reaction). 2013 Pearson Education,Inc. Chapter 4 3
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Chlorination of Methane • Requires heat or light for initiation. • The most effective wavelength is blue, which is absorbed by chlorine gas. • Many molecules of product are formed from absorption of only one photon of light (chain reaction). Chapter 4 3
The Free-Radical Chain Reaction Initiation:Generates a radical intermediate. Propagation:The intermediate reacts with a stable molecule to produce another reactive intermediate(and a product molecule). Termination:Side reactions that destroy the reactive intermediate. 2013 Pearson Education,Inc. Chapter 4 4
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. The Free-Radical Chain Reaction • Initiation: Generates a radical intermediate. • Propagation: The intermediate reacts with a stable molecule to produce another reactive intermediate (and a product molecule). • Termination: Side reactions that destroy the reactive intermediate. Chapter 4 4
Initiation Step:Formation of Chlorine Atom ga: ：+photon (hv)) A chlorine molecule splits homolytically into chlorine atoms (free radicals). 2013 Pearson Education,Inc. Chapter4 5
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Initiation Step: Formation of Chlorine Atom A chlorine molecule splits homolytically into chlorine atoms (free radicals). Chapter 4 5