CNGNGE JOHN MCMURRY CHAPTER 6 An Overview of Organic Reactions T HI R D EDITION Organic Chemistry with Biological Applications
CHAPTER 6 An Overview of Organic Reactions
6-1 Kinds of Organic Reactions Organic chemical reactions broadly organized in two ways: 1.What kinds of reactions occur 2.How those reactions occur
Organic chemical reactions broadly organized in two ways: 1. What kinds of reactions occur 2. How those reactions occur 6-1 Kinds of Organic Reactions
Kinds of Organic Reactions Addition reactions Occur when two reactants add together to form a single product with no atoms“left over'” Reaction of fumarate with water to yield malate (a step in the citric acid cycle of food metabolism) O HO These two H20 ...give this reactants... one product. Fumarate Malate
Addition reactions ▪ Occur when two reactants add together to form a single product with no atoms “left over” ▪ Reaction of fumarate with water to yield malate (a step in the citric acid cycle of food metabolism) Kinds of Organic Reactions
Kinds of Organic Reactions Elimination reactions Occur when a single reactant splits into two products(usually with the formation of a small molecule such as water) Reaction of hydroxybutyryl ACP to yield trans-crotonyl ACP and water,a step in the biosynthesis of fat molecules(ACP stands for "acyl carrier protein") HO H 0 This one ...gives these reactant... H3C ACP H3C =C ACP +H20 two products. H Hydroxybutyryl ACP trans-Crotonyl ACP
Elimination reactions ▪ Occur when a single reactant splits into two products (usually with the formation of a small molecule such as water) ▪ Reaction of hydroxybutyryl ACP to yield trans-crotonyl ACP and water, a step in the biosynthesis of fat molecules (ACP stands for “acyl carrier protein”) Kinds of Organic Reactions
Kinds of Organic Reactions Substitution reactions 0 Occur when two reactants exchange parts to give two new products Reaction of an ester such as methyl acetate with water to yield a carboxylic acid and an alcohol 0 0 These two ...give these reactants... CH3 H H Acid H. CH3 two products. H3C catalyst H3C Methyl acetate Acetic acid Methanol (an ester) (a carboxylic acid) (an alcohol) In biological pathways this type of reaction occurs in the metabolism of dietary fats
Substitution reactions ▪ Occur when two reactants exchange parts to give two new products ▪ Reaction of an ester such as methyl acetate with water to yield a carboxylic acid and an alcohol ▪ In biological pathways this type of reaction occurs in the metabolism of dietary fats Kinds of Organic Reactions