CNGNGE JOHN MCMURRY CHAPTER 14 Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Additions Reactions Organic Chemistry with Biological Applications
CHAPTER 14 Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Additions Reactions
Aldehydes and Ketones Aldehydes(RCHO)and Ketones(R2CO)are among the most widely occurring of all compounds Required by living organisms Pyridoxal phosphate(PLP)is common coenzyme Hydrocortisone is steroid hormone secreted by adrenal glands CH2OH 2-03P0 H CH3 =0 HO C=0 -OH CH3 +N H OH H H CH3 Pyridoxal Hydrocortisone phosphate(PLP)
Aldehydes (RCHO) and Ketones (R2CO) are among the most widely occurring of all compounds ▪ Required by living organisms ▪ Pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) is common coenzyme ▪ Hydrocortisone is steroid hormone secreted by adrenal glands Aldehydes and Ketones
Aldehydes and Ketones Solvents and starting materials in chemical industry 1.9 million tons of formaldehyde,H2C=O,produced each year for insulation materials and resins 1.5 million tons of acetone,((CHa)2C=O),produced each year for use as industrial solvent OH OH Catalyst ZnO H C-H Heat H HgC-C-H 380℃ H3C CH3 H H3C Methanol Formaldehyde Propan-2-ol Acetone
▪ Solvents and starting materials in chemical industry ▪ 1.9 million tons of formaldehyde, H2C=O, produced each year for insulation materials and resins ▪ 1.5 million tons of acetone, ((CH3 )2C=O), produced each year for use as industrial solvent Aldehydes and Ketones
14-1 Naming Aldehydes and Ketones Aldehydes named by replacing terminal-e of corresponding alkane name with-al Parent chain must contain the -CHO group See Appendix A and Table A.2 for naming polyfunctional organic compounds containing an aldehyde -CHO carbon is numbered as C1 9 0 CH3 0 2 CH3CH CH3CH2CH CH3CHCH2CHCH 5°43 1 CH2CH3 Ethanal Propanal 2-Ethyl-4-methylpentanal (acetaldehyde) (propionaldehyde)
Aldehydes named by replacing terminal –e of corresponding alkane name with –al ▪ Parent chain must contain the –CHO group ▪ See Appendix A and Table A.2 for naming polyfunctional organic compounds containing an aldehyde ▪ – CHO carbon is numbered as C1 14-1 Naming Aldehydes and Ketones
Naming Aldehydes and Ketones Carbaldehyde suffix is used for cyclic aldehydes CHO CHO Cyclohexanecarbaldehyde Naphthalene-2-carbaldehyde
Carbaldehyde suffix is used for cyclic aldehydes Naming Aldehydes and Ketones