CNGNGE JOHN MCMURRY CHAPTER 24 Biomolecules:Nucleic Acids and Their Metabolism Organic Chemistry with Biological applications
CHAPTER 24 Biomolecules: Nucleic Acids and Their Metabolism
Nucleic Acids Nucleic Acids are the chemical carriers of a cell's genetic information Deoxyribonucleic acid(DNA) Holds the information that determines the nature of a cell Controls cell growth and division Directs biosynthesis of the enzymes and other proteins required for cellular functions Ribonucleic acid (RNA) Nucleic acid derivatives such as ATP are involved as phosphorylating agents in many biochemical pathways Several important coenzymes,including NAD+,FAD,and coenzyme A,have nucleic acid components
Nucleic Acids are the chemical carriers of a cell’s genetic information ▪ Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) ▪ Holds the information that determines the nature of a cell ▪ Controls cell growth and division ▪ Directs biosynthesis of the enzymes and other proteins required for cellular functions ▪ Ribonucleic acid (RNA) ▪ Nucleic acid derivatives such as ATP are involved as phosphorylating agents in many biochemical pathways ▪ Several important coenzymes, including NAD+ , FAD, and coenzyme A, have nucleic acid components Nucleic Acids
24-1 Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids Nucleic acids are biopolymers -Composed of nucleotides which are joined together to form a long chain ·Nucleotide Composed of nucleosides bound to a phosphate group Nucleoside Composed of an aldopentose sugar linked through its anomeric carbon to the nitrogen atom of a heterocyclic purine or pyrimidine base DNA H20 Nuclease Base 0 Base Base O-POCH2 HOCH2 Nucleotidase Nucleosidase HOCH2 OHOH(or H) OHOH (or H) Nucleotides Nucleosides 0P032 OHOH(or H)
Nucleic acids are biopolymers ▪ Composed of nucleotides which are joined together to form a long chain ▪ Nucleotide ▪ Composed of nucleosides bound to a phosphate group ▪ Nucleoside ▪ Composed of an aldopentose sugar linked through its anomeric carbon to the nitrogen atom of a heterocyclic purine or pyrimidine base 24-1 Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids
Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids DNA Sugar component is 2'-deoxyribose (the prefix 2'-deoxy indicates that oxygen is missing from the 2'position of ribose) Contains four different amino bases Two substituted purines (adenine and guanine) Two substituted pyrimidines(cytosine and thymine) RNA Sugar component is ribose Contains adenine,guanine,and cytosine Thymine is replaced by a closely related pyrimidine base called uracil
DNA ▪ Sugar component is 2′-deoxyribose (the prefix 2′-deoxy indicates that oxygen is missing from the 2′ position of ribose) ▪ Contains four different amino bases ▪ Two substituted purines (adenine and guanine) ▪ Two substituted pyrimidines (cytosine and thymine) RNA ▪ Sugar component is ribose ▪ Contains adenine, guanine, and cytosine ▪ Thymine is replaced by a closely related pyrimidine base called uracil Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids
Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids The pyrimidines and purines found in DNA and RNA 5 HOCH2 OH HOCH2 OH 0 0 4 1 OH OH OH Ribose 2-Deoxyribose Purine Pyrimidine NH2 NH2 H Adenine(A) Guanine(G) Cytosine(C) Thymine(T) Uracil(U) DNA,RNA DNA,RNA DNA,RNA DNA RNA Cng Learing All Pights Reserved
The pyrimidines and purines found in DNA and RNA Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids