Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids Structures of the four deoxyribonucleotides NH2 15 OPOCH> OPOCH> NH2 04 0 Adenine Guanine OH OH 2'-Deoxyadenosine 5'-phosphate 2'-Deoxyguanosine 5'-phosphate Deoxyribonucleotides NH2 H3C OPOCH2 OPOCH2 Cytosine Thymine OH OH 2'-Deoxycytidine 5'-phosphate Thymidine 5'-phosphate Cengage Learning.All Rights Reservec
Structures of the four deoxyribonucleotides Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids
Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids Structures of the four ribonucleotides NH2 G FOPOCH2 OPOCH2 NH> Adenine Guanine OH OH OH OH Adenosine 5'-phosphate Guanosine 5'-phosphate Ribonucleotides NH> U 0 OPOCH2 Cytosine Uracil OHOH OH OH Cytidine 5'-phosphate Uridine 5'-phosphate Cengage Learing.All Rights Reserve
Structures of the four ribonucleotides Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids
Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids In naming and numbering nucleotides,positions on the sugars are given a prime superscript to distinguish them from positions on the amine base ▣ DNA and RNA differ dramatically in size Molecules of DNA have molecular weights up to 75 billion -Molecules of RNA are much smaller,containing as few as 21 nucleotides,and have a molecular weight as low as7,000
▪ In naming and numbering nucleotides, positions on the sugars are given a prime superscript to distinguish them from positions on the amine base ▪ DNA and RNA differ dramatically in size ▪ Molecules of DNA have molecular weights up to 75 billion ▪ Molecules of RNA are much smaller, containing as few as 21 nucleotides, and have a molecular weight as low as 7,000 Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids
Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids Nucleotides are linked together in DNA and RNA by phosphodiester bonds between the phosphate group at C5'on one nucleotide and the 3'-hydroxyl group of the sugar of another nucleotide C3'is one free hydroxyl group at the end of the nucleic polymer (the 3'end) C5'is another free hydroxyl group at the other end of the nucleic polymer (the 5'end) Sequence of nucleotides in a chain is described by starting at the 5'end and identifying the bases in order of occurrence(using G,C,A,T or U) 5end 5'end 日ase O=POCH Phosphate Sugar Base Phosphate Sugar Base 3'end 3end
▪ Nucleotides are linked together in DNA and RNA by phosphodiester bonds between the phosphate group at C5′ on one nucleotide and the 3′-hydroxyl group of the sugar of another nucleotide ▪ C3′ is one free hydroxyl group at the end of the nucleic polymer (the 3′ end) ▪ C5′ is another free hydroxyl group at the other end of the nucleic polymer (the 5′ end) ▪ Sequence of nucleotides in a chain is described by starting at the 5′ end and identifying the bases in order of occurrence (using G, C, A, T or U) Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids
24-2 Base Pairing in DNA:The Watson- Crick Model Samples of DNA isolated from different tissues of the same species have the same proportions of heterocyclic bases Samples of DNA from different species often have greatly different proportions of bases Composition of human DNA =30%each of adenine and thymine 20%each of guanine and cytosine Composition of the bacterium Clostridium perfringens 37%each of adenine and thymine 13%each of guanine and cytosine
Samples of DNA isolated from different tissues of the same species have the same proportions of heterocyclic bases Samples of DNA from different species often have greatly different proportions of bases ▪ Composition of human DNA ▪ 30% each of adenine and thymine ▪ 20% each of guanine and cytosine ▪ Composition of the bacterium Clostridium perfringens ▪ 37% each of adenine and thymine ▪ 13% each of guanine and cytosine 24-2 Base Pairing in DNA: The WatsonCrick Model