GNGE JOHN MCMURRY CHAPTER 23 Biomolecules:Lipids and Their Metabolism Organic Chemistry with Biological applications
CHAPTER 23 Biomolecules: Lipids and Their Metabolism
Biomolecules:Lipids and Their Metabolism Lipids are naturally occurring organic molecules isolated from organisms by extraction with nonpolar organic solvents Fats,oils,waxes,some vitamins and hormones,and most nonprotein cell-membrane components Lipids have limited solubility in water Lipids defined by their physical property (solubility)and not by their structure
Lipids are naturally occurring organic molecules isolated from organisms by extraction with nonpolar organic solvents ▪ Fats, oils, waxes, some vitamins and hormones, and most nonprotein cell-membrane components ▪ Lipids have limited solubility in water ▪ Lipids defined by their physical property (solubility) and not by their structure Biomolecules: Lipids and Their Metabolism
Biomolecules:Lipids and Their Metabolism Lipids classified into two broad types: 1.Those that contain ester linkages that can be hydrolyzed Include fats and waxes 2.Steroids which do not have ester linkages and cannot be hydrolyzed Includes cholesterol and other steroidal hormones 0 CH2O-C-R CH3 CHO-C-R HO CH20-&-R Animal fat-a triester Cholesterol (R,R',R"=C11-C19 chains) LmigA Rpt Rd
Lipids classified into two broad types: 1. Those that contain ester linkages that can be hydrolyzed ▪ Include fats and waxes 2. Steroids which do not have ester linkages and cannot be hydrolyzed ▪ Includes cholesterol and other steroidal hormones Biomolecules: Lipids and Their Metabolism
23-1 Waxes,Fats,and Oils Waxes are mixtures of esters of long-chain carboxylic acids with long-chain alcohols Carboxylic acid usually has an even number of carbons from 24 through 36 Beeswax is the ester of the C30 alcohol triacontan-1-ol and the C16 acid hexadecanoic acid CH3(CH2)14CO(CH2)2gCH3 Triacontyl hexadecanoate(from beeswax) Cengage Leaming.All Rights Reserved
Waxes are mixtures of esters of long-chain carboxylic acids with long-chain alcohols ▪ Carboxylic acid usually has an even number of carbons from 24 through 36 ▪ Beeswax is the ester of the C30 alcohol triacontan-1-ol and the C16 acid hexadecanoic acid 23-1 Waxes, Fats, and Oils
Waxes,Fats,and Oils Animal fats and vegetable oils are the most widely occurring lipids Closely related structures Have different appearances Animal fats are solids like butter and lard Vegetable oils are liquids like corn and peanut oil
Animal fats and vegetable oils are the most widely occurring lipids ▪ Closely related structures ▪ Have different appearances ▪ Animal fats are solids like butter and lard ▪ Vegetable oils are liquids like corn and peanut oil Waxes, Fats, and Oils