Passage Two Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage. Some futurologists have assumed that the vast upsurge( i )of women in he workforce may portend a rejection of marriage. Many women, according to th hypothesis, would rather work than marry. The converse( Il) of this concern is that the prospects of becoming a multi-paycheck household could encourage mar riages. In the past, only the earnings and financial prospects of the man counte d in the marriage decision. Now, however the earning ability of a woman can mak e her more attractive as a marriage partner Data show that economic downturns t end to postpone marriage because the parties cannot afford to establish a family or are concerned about rainy days ahead. as the economy rebounds, the number of marriages also rises Coincident with the increase in women working outside the home is the increa se in divorce rates. Yet, it may be wrong to jump to any simple cause-and-effect conclusions. The impact of a wifes work on divorce is no less cloudy than its pact on marriage decisions. The realization that she e can be a good provider ma y increase the chances that a working wife will choose divorce over an unsatisfa ctory marriage. But the reverse is equally plausible. Tensions grounded in finaI t. inflationary problems, and slow growth in real earnings, a working wife cap.9 5 cial problems often play a key role in ending a marriage. Given high unemployme ncrease household income and relieve some of these pressing financial burdens. B y raising a family's standard of living, a working wife may strengthen her famil ys financial and emotional stability. Psychological factors also should be considered. For example, a wife blocked from a career outside the home may feel caged in the house She may view her only choice as seeking a divorce. On the other hand, if she can find fulfillment through work outside the home, wo rk and marriage can go together to create a stronger and more stable union. r part of womer equality in marriage has been due to the fa t that, in most cases, men have remained the main breadwinners. with higher earning capacity and status occupations outside of the home comes the capacity to exercise power wit hin the family. a working wife may rob a husband of being the master of the hou se. Depending upon how the couple reacts to these new conditions, it could creat e a stronger equal partnership or it could create new insecurities. 26. The word "portend"(Line 2, Para. 1)is closest in meaning to A)defy C)suffer from B)signal D)result from 27. It is said in the passage that when the economy slides A)men would choose working women as their marriage partners B)more women would get married to seek financial security C)even working women would worry about their marriages D )more people would prefer to remain single for the time being 28. If women find fulfillment through work outside the home A) they are more likely to dominate their marriage partners B)their husbands are expected to do more housework C) their marriage ties can be strengthened D)they tend to put their career before marriage
Passage Two Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage. Some futurologists have assumed that the vast upsurge ( 剧增 ) of women in t he workforce may portend a rejection of marriage. Many women, according to this hypothesis, would rather work than marry. The converse ( 反面 ) of this concern is that the prospects of becoming a multi-paycheck household could encourage mar riages. In the past, only the earnings and financial prospects of the man counte d in the marriage decision. Now, however, the earning ability of a woman can mak e her more attractive as a marriage partner. Data show that economic downturns t end to postpone marriage because the parties cannot afford to establish a family or are concerned about rainy days ahead. As the economy rebounds, the number of marriages also rises. Coincident with the increase in women working outside the home is the increa se in divorce rates. Yet, it may be wrong to jump to any simple cause-and-effect conclusions. The impact of a wife’s work on divorce is no less cloudy than its impact on marriage decisions. The realization that she can be a good provider ma y increase the chances that a working wife will choose divorce over an unsatisfa ctory marriage. But the reverse is equally plausible. Tensions grounded in finan cial problems often play a key role in ending a marriage. Given high unemploymen t, inflationary problems, and slow growth in real earnings, a working wife can i ncrease household income and relieve some of these pressing financial burdens. B y raising a family’s standard of living, a working wife may strengthen her famil y’s financial and emotional stability. Psychological factors also should be considered. For example, a wife blocked from a career outside the home may feel caged in the house. She may view her only choice as seeking a divorce. On the other hand, if she can find fulfillment through work outside the home, wo rk and marriage can go together to create a stronger and more stable union. Also, a major part of women’s inequality in marriage has been due to the fac t that, in most cases, men have remained the main breadwinners. With higher earning capacity and status occupations outside of the home comes the capacity to exercise power wit hin the family. A working wife may rob a husband of being the master of the hou se. Depending upon how the couple reacts to these new conditions, it could creat e a stronger equal partnership or it could create new insecurities. 26. The word “portend” (Line 2, Para. 1) is closest in meaning to “ ____” . A) defy C) suffer from B) signal D) result from 27. It is said in the passage that when the economy slides,____. A) men would choose working women as their marriage partners B) more women would get married to seek financial security C) even working women would worry about their marriages D) more people would prefer to remain single for the time being 28. If women find fulfillment through work outside the home,____. A) they are more likely to dominate their marriage partners B) their husbands are expected to do more housework C) their marriage ties can be strengthened D)they tend to put their career before marriage
9. One reason why women with no career may seek a divorce is that a) they feel that they have been robbed of their freedom B)they are afraid of being bossed around by their husbands C)they feel that their partners fail to live up to their expectations D)they tend to suspect their husbands, loyalty to their marriage 60. Which of the following statements can best summarize the author' s view in the passage A)The stability of marriage and the divorce rate may reflect the economic situa tion of the country. B)Even when economically independent, most women have to struggle for real equa lity in marriage C) In order to secure their marriage women should work outside the home and rema D)The impact of the growing female workforce on marriage varies from case to ca Passage Three Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage. For most thinkers since the Greek philosophers, it was self-evident that the re is something called human nature, something that constitutes the essence of m an. There were various views about what constitutes it, but there was agreement hat such an essence exists - that is to say, that there is something by virtue of which man is man. Thus man was defined as a rational being, as a social an l, an animal that can make tools, or a symbol-making animal. More recently, this traditional view has begun to be questioned. One reason for this change was the increasing emphasis given to the historical approach man. An examination of the history of humanity suggested that man in our epoch s so different from man in previous times that it seemed unrealistic to assume t hat men in every age have had in common something that can be called"human natu re. The historical approach was reinforced, particularly in the United States, by studies in the field of cultural anthropology (A). The study of primit ive peoples has discovered such a diversity of customs, values, feelings, and th oughts that many anthropologists arrived at the concept that man is born as a b ank sheet of paper on which each culture writes its text. Another factor contrib uting to the tendency to deny the assumption of a fixed human nature was that th e concept has so often been abused as a shield behind which the most inhuman act s are committed. In the name of human nature, for example, Aristotle and most th inkers up to the eighteenth century defended slavery Or in order to prove the r ationality and necessity of the capitalist form of society, scholars have tried to make a case for acquisitiveness, competitiveness, and selfishness as innate 天生的) human traits. Popularly, one refers cynically to“ human nature” in acc epting the inevitability of such undesirable human behavior as greed, murder, ch eating and lying. Another reason for skepticism about the concept of human nature probably li in the influence of evolutionary thinking. Once man came to be seen as develo
29. One reason why women with no career may seek a divorce is that____. A) they feel that they have been robbed of their freedom B) they are afraid of being bossed around by their husbands C) they feel that their partners fail to live up to their expectations D) they tend to suspect their husbands’ loyalty to their marriage 30. Which of the following statements can best summarize the author’s view in the passage? A) The stability of marriage and the divorce rate may reflect the economic situa tion of the country. B) Even when economically independent, most women have to struggle for real equa lity in marriage. C) In order to secure their marriage women should work outside the home and rema in independent D) The impact of the growing female workforce on marriage varies from case to ca se. Passage Three Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage. For most thinkers since the Greek philosophers, it was self-evident that the re is something called human nature, something that constitutes the essence of m an. There were various views about what constitutes it, but there was agreement that such an essence exists -- that is to say, that there is something by virtue of which man is man. Thus man was defined as a rational being, as a social anim al, an animal that can make tools, or a symbol-making animal. More recently, this traditional view has begun to be questioned. One reason for this change was the increasing emphasis given to the historical approach to man. An examination of the history of humanity suggested that man in our epoch i s so different from man in previous times that it seemed unrealistic to assume t hat men in every age have had in common something that can be called “human natu re.” The historical approach was reinforced, particularly in the United States, by studies in the field of cultural anthropology ( 人类学 ). The study of primit ive peoples has discovered such a diversity of customs, values, feelings, and th oughts that many anthropologists arrived at the concept that man is born as a bl ank sheet of paper on which each culture writes its text. Another factor contrib uting to the tendency to deny the assumption of a fixed human nature was that th e concept has so often been abused as a shield behind which the most inhuman act s are committed. In the name of human nature, for example, Aristotle and most th inkers up to the eighteenth century defended slavery. Or in order to prove the r ationality and necessity of the capitalist form of society, scholars have tried to make a case for acquisitiveness, competitiveness, and selfishness as innate ( 天生的 ) human traits. Popularly, one refers cynically to “human nature” in acc epting the inevitability of such undesirable human behavior as greed, murder, ch eating and lying. Another reason for skepticism about the concept of human nature probably lie s in the influence of evolutionary thinking. Once man came to be seen as develop
ing in the process of evolution, the idea of a substance which is contained in h is essence seemed untenable. Yet i believe it is precisely from an evolutionary standpoint that we can expect new insight into the problem of the nature of man. 31. The traditional view of human nature" was strongly challenged by A)the emergence of the evolutionary theory B)the historical approach to man C) new insight into human behavior D) the philosophical analysis of slavery 32. According to the passage, anthropologists believe that human beings A)have some traits in common B)are born with diverse cultures C)are born without a fixed nature D) change their characters as they grow up 33. The author mentioned Aristotle, a great ancient thinker, in order to A)emphasize that he contributed a lot to defining the concept of "human nature B)show that the concept of "human nature"was used to justify social ev ils C) prove that he had a profound influence on the concept of "human natur D )support the idea that some human traits are acquired d "untenable"(Line 3)in the last paragraph of the passage most prob ably means A) invaluable C) changeable B) imaginable D) indefensible 35. Most philosophers believed that human nature A)is the quality distinguishing man from other animals B)consists of competitiveness and selfishness C)is something partly innate and partly acquired D)consists of rationality and undesirable behavior Passage Four Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passag Richard Satava, program manager for advanced medical technologies, has been du inging virtual reality to medicine, where computers create a "virtual" or simulated environment for surgeons and other medical practitioner s(从业者) With virtual reality well be able id Satava. He envisaged a time when soldiers who are wounded fighting overseas are put in mobile surgical units equipped with computers The computers would transmit images of the soldiers to surgeons back in the U.S. The surgeons would look at the soldier through virtual reality helmets (4 i)that contain a small screen displaying the image of the wound. The doctors w
ing in the process of evolution, the idea of a substance which is contained in h is essence seemed untenable. Yet I believe it is precisely from an evolutionary standpoint that we can expect new insight into the problem of the nature of man. 31. The traditional view of “human nature” was strongly challenged by____. A) the emergence of the evolutionary theory B) the historical approach to man C) new insight into human behavior D) the philosophical analysis of slavery 32. According to the passage, anthropologists believe that human beings____ A) have some traits in common B) are born with diverse cultures C) are born without a fixed nature D) change their characters as they grow up 33. The author mentioned Aristotle, a great ancient thinker, in order to____ A) emphasize that he contributed a lot to defining the concept of “human nature” B) show that the concept of “human nature” was used to justify social ev ils C) prove that he had a profound influence on the concept of “human natur e” D) support the idea that some human traits are acquired 34. The word “untenable” (Line 3) in the last paragraph of the passage most prob ably means____ A) invaluable C) changeable B) imaginable D) indefensible 35. Most philosophers believed that human nature____ A) is the quality distinguishing man from other animals B) consists of competitiveness and selfishness C) is something partly innate and partly acquired D) consists of rationality and undesirable behavior Passage Four Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage. Richard Satava, program manager for advanced medical technologies, has been a driving force in bringing virtual reality to medicine, where computers create a “virtual” or simulated environment for surgeons and other medical practitioner s ( 从业者 ). “With virtual reality we’ll be able to put a surgeon in every trench,” said Satava. He envisaged a time when soldiers who are wounded fighting overseas are put in mobile surgical units equipped with computers. The computers would transmit images of the soldiers to surgeons back in the U.S. The surgeons would look at the soldier through virtual reality helmets ( 头 盔) that contain a small screen displaying the image of the wound. The doctors w
ould guide robotic instruments in the battlefield mobile surgical unit that oper ate on the soldier Although Satava's vision may be years away from standard operating procedure scientists are progressing toward virtual reality surgery. Engineers at an int ernational organization in California are developing a tele-operating device. As surgeons watch a three-dimensional image of the surgery, they move instruments that are connected to a computer, which passes their movements to robotic instru ments that perform the surgery. The computer provides feedback to the surgeon o n force, textures, and sound. These technological wonders may not yet be part of the community hospital se tting but increasingly some of the machinery is finding its way into civilian me dicine. At Wayne State University Medical School, surgeon Lucia Zamorano takes i mages of the brain from computerized scans and uses a computer program to produc a 3-D She can then maneuver the 3-D image on the computer screen to map the shortest, least invasive surgical path to the tumor (Ht#E). Zamorano is als o using technology that attaches a probe to surgical instruments so that she can track their positions. While cutting away a tumor deep in the brain, she watche s the movement of her surgical tools in a computer graphics image of the patient s brain taken before surgery. uring these procedures operations that are done through small cuts in th e body in which a miniature camera and surgical tools are maneuvered --surgeons are wearing 3-d glasses for a better view. And they are commanding robot surgeo ns to cut away tissue more accurately than human surgeons can. Satava says, We are in the midst of a fundamental change in the field of me 36. According to Richard Satava, the application of virtual reality to medicine A)will enable surgeons to be physically present on every battlefield B)can raise the spirits of soldiers wounded on the battlefield C) will greatly improve medical conditions on the battlefield D )can shorten the time for operations on soldiers wounded on the battlefield 37. Richard satava has visions of A)using a remote-control technique to treat wounded soldiers fighting overseas B) wounded soldiers being saved by doctors wearing virtual reality helmets on th e battlefield C) wounded soldiers being operated on by specially trained surgeons D)setting up mobile surgical units overseas 38. How is virtual reality surgery performed? A)It is performed by a computer-designed high precision device B)Surgeons wear virtual reality helmets to receive feedback provided by a c omputer C)Surgeons move robotic instruments by means of a computer linked to them )A 3-D image records the movements of the surgeons during the operation 39. During virtual reality operations, the surgeon can have a better view of the cuts in the body because A)he is looking at the cuts on a computer screen B)the cuts can be examined from different angles C) the cuts have been highly magnified D)he is wearing 3-D glasses
ould guide robotic instruments in the battlefield mobile surgical unit that oper ate on the soldier. Although Satava’s vision may be years away from standard operating procedure , scientists are progressing toward virtual reality surgery. Engineers at an int ernational organization in California are developing a tele-operating device. As surgeons watch a three-dimensional image of the surgery, they move instruments that are connected to a computer, which passes their movements to robotic instru ments that perform the surgery. The computer provides feedback to the surgeon o n force, textures, and sound. These technological wonders may not yet be part of the community hospital se tting but increasingly some of the machinery is finding its way into civilian me dicine. At Wayne State University Medical School, surgeon Lucia Zamorano takes i mages of the brain from computerized scans and uses a computer program to produc e a 3-D image. She can then maneuver the 3-D image on the computer screen to map the shortest, least invasive surgical path to the tumor (肿瘤). Zamorano is als o using technology that attaches a probe to surgical instruments so that she can track their positions. While cutting away a tumor deep in the brain, she watche s the movement of her surgical tools in a computer graphics image of the patient ’s brain taken before surgery. During these procedures — operations that are done through small cuts in th e body in which a miniature camera and surgical tools are maneuvered -- surgeons are wearing 3-D glasses for a better view. And they are commanding robot surgeo ns to cut away tissue more accurately than human surgeons can. Satava says, “We are in the midst of a fundamental change in the field of me dicine.” 36. According to Richard Satava, the application of virtual reality to medicine ____ A) will enable surgeons to be physically present on every battlefield B) can raise the spirits of soldiers wounded on the battlefield C) will greatly improve medical conditions on the battlefield D) can shorten the time for operations on soldiers wounded on the battlefield 37. Richard Satava has visions of____ A) using a remote-control technique to treat wounded soldiers fighting overseas B) wounded soldiers being saved by doctors wearing virtual reality helmets on th e battlefield C) wounded soldiers being operated on by specially trained surgeons D) setting up mobile surgical units overseas 38. How is virtual reality surgery performed? A) It is performed by a computer-designed high precision device. B) Surgeons wear virtual reality helmets to receive feedback provided by a c omputer. C) Surgeons move robotic instruments by means of a computer linked to them. D) A 3-D image records the movements of the surgeons during the operation. 39. During virtual reality operations, the surgeon can have a better view of the cuts in the body because ____. A) he is looking at the cuts on a computer screen B) the cuts can be examined from different angles C) the cuts have been highly magnified D) he is wearing 3-D glasses
40. Virtual reality operations are an improvement on conventional surgery in that they A)cause less pain to the wounded B)allow the patient to recover more C) will make human surgeons' work less tedious D) are done by robot surgeons with greater precision PartⅢ Vocabulary(20 minutes) Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C)and D). Choose the one that b est completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Shee t with a single line through the centre. 41. He suggested that we put the scheme into effect, for it is quite A)probable B)sustainable C)feasible D) eligible 42. This book is about how these basic beliefs and values affect important of American A)facets c) formulas B)formats D) fashions 43. It is one thing to locate oil, but it is quite another to nd transport it to the industrial centers B)extract D) concentrate 44. Students are expected to be quiet and in an asian classroom A)obedient C) skeptical B)overwhelming D) subsidiary 45. Our reporter has just called to say that rescue teams will to bring o ut the trapped miners A)effect B)affect D)endeavour 46. The Spanish team, who are not in superb form, will be doing their best next themselves on the German team for last years defeat A)remedy C) B)reproach 47. Creating so much confusion, Mason realized he had better make what he was trying to tell the audience A)exclusive C)objective B)explicit D)obscure 48. One of the examination questions me completely and I couldnt answer it A) baffled C)provoked
40. Virtual reality operations are an improvement on conventional surgery in that they A) cause less pain to the wounded B) allow the patient to recover more quickly C) will make human surgeons’ work less tedious D) are done by robot surgeons with greater precision Part Ⅲ Vocabulary (20 minutes) Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part.For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B),C) and D).Choose the ONE that b est completes the sentence.Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Shee t with a single line through the centre. 41. He suggested that we put the scheme into effect, for it is quite____. A) probable B) sustainable C) feasible D) eligible 42. This book is about how these basic beliefs and values affect important____ of American life. A) facets C) formulas B) formats D) fashions 43. It is one thing to locate oil, but it is quite another to ____ and transport it to the industrial centers. A) permeate C) distinguish B) extract D) concentrate 44. Students are expected to be quiet and ____ in an Asian classroom. A) obedient C) skeptical B) overwhelming D) subsidiary 45. Our reporter has just called to say that rescue teams will ____ to bring o ut the trapped miners. A) effect C) conceive B) affect D) endeavour 46. The Spanish team, who are not in superb form, will be doing their best next week to____ themselves on the German team for last year’s defeat. A) remedy C) revive B) reproach D) revenge 47. Creating so much confusion, Mason realized he had better make ____ what he was trying to tell the audience. A) exclusive C) objective B) explicit D) obscure 48. One of the examination questions____ me completely and I couldn’t answer it . A) baffled C) provoked