Book two Unit 8 Preview Should schools simply prepare students for a job? This is the focus of the following article According to the author, educational institutions face a difficult choice. Most young students only want to learn what is needed for career success. Educators, on the other hand, have lived long enough to realize that quality of life is not entirely determined by a balance sheet. Human beings have collected a great amount of knowledge in many different fields, and people can lead better lives if they understand these things. The author tells of a cartoon where a businessmen are having difficulty telling"right from wrong". He concludes that educators must prepare students for such difficulties, as well as preparing for a job Text structure analysis point of view argued might be one sentence, a few sentences, or even a whole paragrap"ting.The We will use this reading passage to talk about how to present an argument in w For example, in the student's book we are taking the whole of Paragraph 14 as expressing an argument. So here it is important for you to be able to recognize the main idea of one paragraph At this point we are only trying to look at the structure pattern among a few paragraphs. In fact, Paragraph 14 can be further analyzed to find that the writer comes up to his argument in progressive way Below, we have provided an analysis that you and your students might be interested in. The parts in brackets have been added to show our analysis. This can be considered as structure analysis on different layers Paragraph 14 While it's true all of us need a career, preferably a prosperous one, it is equally true that our civilization has collected an incredible amount of knowledge in fields far removed from our own And we are better for our understanding of these other contributions- be they scientific or artistic. It is equally true that, in studying the diverse wisdom of others, we learn how to think More importantly, perhaps, education teaches us to see the connections between things, as well as to see beyond our immediate needs (Though) While it's true all of us need a career, preferably a prosperous one (There are much more out of the scope of our career. ) it is equally true that our civilization has ollected an incredible amount of knowledge in fields far removed from our own (We would be able to better ourselves if we understand whatever that is beyond our own cope. )And we are better for our understanding of these other contributions- be they or artistIc We would be better in our thinking if we learn the knowledge. )It is equally true that, in studying the diverse wisdom of others, we learn how to think The education of the diverse wisdom would, eventually, teach us to see beyond our immediate eeds. ) More importantly, perhaps, education teaches us to see the connections between things, as well as to see beyond our immediate needs Another important point to remember is that the argument might be followed by some supporting facts, supporting examples, or the writers reasons for supporting the argument
Book Two Unit 8 Section A Preview Should schools simply prepare students for a job? This is the focus of the following article. According to the author, educational institutions face a difficult choice. Most young students only want to learn what is needed for career success. Educators, on the other hand, have lived long enough to realize that quality of life is not entirely determined by a balance sheet. Human beings have collected a great amount of knowledge in many different fields, and people can lead better lives if they understand these things. The author tells of a cartoon where a businessmen are having difficulty telling “right from wrong”. He concludes that educators must prepare students for such difficulties, as well as preparing for a job. Text structure analysis We will use this reading passage to talk about how to present an argument in writing. The point of view argued might be one sentence, a few sentences, or even a whole paragraph. For example, in the student’s book we are taking the whole of Paragraph 14 as expressing an argument. So here it is important for you to be able to recognize the main idea of one paragraph. At this point we are only trying to look at the structure pattern among a few paragraphs. In fact, Paragraph 14 can be further analyzed to find that the writer comes up to his argument in a progressive way. Below, we have provided an analysis that you and your students might be interested in. The parts in brackets have been added to show our analysis. This can be considered as structure analysis on different layers. Paragraph 14 While it’s true all of us need a career, preferably a prosperous one, it is equally true that our civilization has collected an incredible amount of knowledge in fields far removed from our own. And we are better for our understanding of these other contributions — be they scientific or artistic. It is equally true that, in studying the diverse wisdom of others, we learn how to think. More importantly, perhaps, education teaches us to see the connections between things, as well as to see beyond our immediate needs. (Though) While it’s true all of us need a career, preferably a prosperous one, (There are much more out of the scope of our career.) it is equally true that our civilization has collected an incredible amount of knowledge in fields far removed from our own. (We would be able to better ourselves if we understand whatever that is beyond our own scope. )And we are better for our understanding of these other contributions — be they scientific or artistic. (We would be better in our thinking if we learn the knowledge.) It is equally true that, in studying the diverse wisdom of others, we learn how to think. ( The education of the diverse wisdom would, eventually, teach us to see beyond our immediate needs.) More importantly, perhaps, education teaches us to see the connections between things, as well as to see beyond our immediate needs. Another important point to remember is that the argument might be followed by some supporting facts, supporting examples, or the writer’s reasons for supporting the argument
Background Information discipline concerned with how people throughout history have expressed, confronted, and understood the complexities of the human conditions. It includes such areas of study as 2. Associate degree is awarded to a student after he or she finishes a 2-year study at a junior college in the U. s 3. Education in the United States is usually divided into 4 levels. In general, there are kindergarten or pre-school, elementary, secondary and higher education. The first level is early childhood education. Its purpose is to prepare children for school. The second level is elementary education. Education at this level is divided into 6 or 8 grades. And students can attend all kinds of courses. The third level is secondary education. It is for junior or senior high school students Some students prepare themselves to go to college, while others take vocational or technical courses to prepare for jobs after graduation. There are many institutions of higher education in the U.s. Students at technical institutions can receive an associate degree after finish a 2-year program. Then they can continue their study at a 4-year colleg 4. Social Security is the U.S. government system of benefit payments, especially to retired and disabled people and survivors 5. Richard Wagner is a famous German composer and writer. As a composer, he is well-known for his 13 operas and numerous other compositions. Besides his activity in composition, he wrote an astonishing number of books and articles. The literary spectrum ranges from theories of opera to political programs. He was undoubtedly one of the leading figures of the 19th century.He 6. Oscar Wilde(1854-1900), the son of an eminent Dublin surgeon, was among the outstanding Victorian dramatists. He is renowned for a brilliant series of domestic comedies- Lady Windermere's Fan, A woman of No Importance, and An ldeal husband a.1. following accepted rules of behavior正式的;合乎礼仪的 The letter was in very formal language.这封信使用了非常正式的语言 2. In appearance, by name only形式上的,名义上的 The visitors took only a formal interest in the classroom activities 参观者只是表面上对课堂活动表示兴趣。 c.f. informal forr poll sb on sth:就某事对某人进行民意测验 resident adj.a resident physician: doctor living at a hospital where he is received advanced training住院医生 (idm) in residence: living is a specified place because of one' s work or duties(因工作或职责关 系)驻于某处:eg. Students must remain in residence during term sident居民,定居者, visitor相对; lodger:临时住宿者; inhabitant:居住者,居民 settler:殖民者,侨居新兴国家者
Background Information 1.Humanities: In the context of the reading passage, humanities refers to a broad academic discipline concerned with how people throughout history have expressed, confronted, and understood the complexities of the human conditions. It includes such areas of study as Philosophy, Literature, Religion, Art, etc. 2.Associate degree is awarded to a student after he or she finishes a 2-year study at a junior college in the U.S. 3.Education in the United States is usually divided into 4 levels. In general, there are kindergarten or pre-school, elementary, secondary and higher education. The first level is early childhood education. Its purpose is to prepare children for school. The second level is elementary education. Education at this level is divided into 6 or 8 grades. And students can attend all kinds of courses. The third level is secondary education. It is for junior or senior high school students. Some students prepare themselves to go to college, while others take vocational or technical courses to prepare for jobs after graduation. There are many institutions of higher education in the U.S. Students at technical institutions can receive an associate d egree after finish a 2-year program. Then they can continue their study at a 4-year college. 4. Social Security is the U.S. government system of benefit payments, especially to retired and disabled people and survivors. 5.Richard Wagner is a famous German composer and writer. As a composer, he is well- known for his 13 operas and numerous other compositions. Besides his activity in composition, he wrote an astonishing number of books and articles. The literary spectrum ranges from theories of opera to political programs. He was undoubtedly one of the leading figures of the 19th century. He inspired not only musicians and composers but also leaders in many fields. 6. Oscar Wilde (1854-1900), the son of an eminent Dublin surgeon, was among the outstanding Victorian dramatists. He is renowned for a brilliant series of domestic comedies- Lady Windermere’s Fan, A woman of No Importance, and An Ideal Husband. New Words formal a. 1. following accepted rules of behavior 正式的；合乎礼仪的 The letter was in very formal language. 这封信使用了非常正式的语言。 2. in appearance; by name only 形式上的，名义上的 The visitors took only a formal interest in the classroom activities. 参观者只是表面上对课堂活动表示兴趣。 c.f. informal ; former , normal poll : survey poll sb on sth: 就某事对某人进行民意测验 resident adj. a. resident physician: doctor living at a hospital where he is received advanced training 住院医生 (idm)in residence: living is a specified place because of one’s work or duties （因工作或职责关 系）驻于某处：e.g. Students must remain in residence during term. resident 居民，定居者, visitor 相对；lodger：临时住宿者；inhabitant：居住者，居民 settler: 殖民者，侨居新兴国家者
humanity n.1.(pl) subjects concerned with human culture人文学科(尤指文学、语言、历史和哲学) I am more interested in the humanities than the sciences 2. UI human beings as a whole; people人的总称,人类 Humanity is still in its youth 3.U]knd- heartedness仁慈,仁爱,善心 We must treat prisoners with humanity.我们必须人道地对待俘虏 ethnic a of a national or racial group that has a common cultural tradition (有共同文化传统的)民族的,种族的;部落的 ethnic art民族艺术 enro v. become or make(sb.) a member( of sth)(使)成为……的成员,注册 We enrolled him as member of the society.我们接纳他为协会会员 He has enrolled in that school specialize(E specialise vi(in) give particular attention to(a subject, product, etc. This shop specializes in chocolate.这家商店专门经销巧克力。 corporation the British Broadcasting Corporation英国广播公司 agency n.1.[C] a government organization政府机构 the Central Intelligence Agency中央情报局 2.[ C]a business or place of business providing a service经销处,代理处 travel agency conline n.(pl) limits, borders界限,范围 his is beyond the confines of human knowledge.这超出了人类知识的范围。 t keep sb/ /sth. within certain limits把……限制于 I don, t like a job in which I'm confined to doing only one thing 我不喜欢仅限于做一件事情的工作。 occupatIon occupier:占有(有所有权); occupant:占有(有使用权) render vt.1.give给予,提出 Thanksgiving Day is a holiday to render thanks to God.感恩节是答谢上帝的节日。 2. cause sb / sth. to be in a particular state使得,使成为 We were rendered helpless by the accident.我们被这意外事故弄得束手无策。 preferable a. preferre, more suitable更可取的,更合意的,更好的 - He finds country life preferable to living in the city..他觉得住在乡下比城里好 It is preferable that he(should) come here preference n. Incr a. impossible or very difficult to believe难以置信的 What an incredible statement- not a word of it is truel 多么令人难以置信的言论-没有一句话是靠得住的!
humanity n. 1. (pl.) subjects concerned with human culture 人文学科（尤指文学、语言、历史和哲学） --I am more interested in the humanities than the sciences. 2. [U] human beings as a whole; people 人的总称，人类 --Humanity is still in its youth. 3. [U] kind-heartedness 仁慈，仁爱，善心 --We must treat prisoners with humanity. 我们必须人道地对待俘虏。 ethnic a. of a national or racial group that has a common cultural tradition （有共同文化传统的）民族的，种族的；部落的 ethnic art 民族艺术 enroll v. become or make (sb.) a member (of sth.) （使）成为……的成员，注册 --We enrolled him as member of the society. 我们接纳他为协会会员。 --He has enrolled in that school. specialize (英 specialise) vi. (in) give particular attention to (a subject, product, etc.) --This shop specializes in chocolate. 这家商店专门经销巧克力。 corporation -the British Broadcasting Corporation 英国广播公司 agency n. 1. [C] a government organization 政府机构 -the Central Intelligence Agency 中央情报局 2. [C] a business or place of business providing a service 经销处，代理处 -travel agency confine n. (pl.) limits, borders 界限，范围 --This is beyond the confines of human knowledge. 这超出了人类知识的范围。 vt. keep sb./sth. within certain limits 把……限制于 --I don't like a job in which I'm confined to doing only one thing. 我不喜欢仅限于做一件事情的工作。 occupation occupier：占有（有所有权）；occupant: 占有（有使用权） render vt. 1. give 给予，提出 --Thanksgiving Day is a holiday to render thanks to God. 感恩节是答谢上帝的节日。 2. cause sb./sth. to be in a particular state 使得，使成为 --We were rendered helpless by the accident. 我们被这意外事故弄得束手无策。 preferable a. preferred; more suitable 更可取的，更合意的，更好的 --He finds country life preferable to living in the city. 他觉得住在乡下比城里好。 --It is preferable that he (should) come here . preference n. incredible a. impossible or very difficult to believe 难以置信的 --What an incredible statement - not a word of it is true! 多么令人难以置信的言论 -- 没有一句话是靠得住的！
credulous: adj. not willing or able to believe; showing disbelief不肯轻信的;不能相信的; 表示怀疑的 - an incredulous look, stare,gaze,etc.怀疑的神情、注视、逼视等 contribution n. [C, U] action of giving(money, support, help or ideas) towards a particular aim or purpose, sth given towards a particular aim or purpose捐助(物),贡献(物),奉献 He made a contribution to/ towards the cause lu] action of writing articles for a publication The editor is short of contributions for the May issue ad. once a week or every week一周一次地,每周地 The machine must be checked weekly.这台机器必须每周检查一次。 a happening once a week or every week一周一次的,每周的 a weekly report每周一次的报告 n.C] a newspaper or magazine which is published once every week周报,周刊 n. 1.[C] a club formed by uniting people or groups; an organization of employees 协会,俱乐部;工会 Labor Union(美)工会; Trade Union(英)工会; the teachers' union教师工会 the Students' Unon.学生会 onference meeting普通用词,指一般性会议; conference指正式讨论或研究某问题的会议 press conference:; congress常指正式的代表大会、国会等,讨论并决定重大问题的会议,也可 指专门研究某一问题的会议 distinguish t. 1. recognize the difference between( people or things) 辨别,识别 The twins look so much like each other that no one can distinguish one from the other 这对双胞胎长得非常像,无人能分辨出谁是谁。 2.( oneself) behave or perform noticeably well表现突出 She distinguished herself by her coolness and bravery.她以沉着勇敢著称 distinguished guests a.( of music) serious and traditional in style古典的 - Do you prefer classical music or popular music?你喜欢古典音乐还是流行音乐? 指古希腊、罗马的文学、艺术,意为“古典(文学或艺术的)”。在文学艺术上分别与浪漫 主义和流行音乐相对; classic第一流的,上等的 if only I)used to express a wish that past events had been different If only I had gone by taxi..要是我乘出租车去就好了 If only he' d remembered to bring her here.要是他没忘记把她带来就好了 2)used to express a wish or a desire, esp. one that cannot be fulfilled
incredulous: adj. not willing or able to believe; showing disbelief 不肯轻信的； 不能相信的； 表示怀疑的 --an incredulous look, stare, gaze, etc.怀疑的神情、 注视、逼视等 contribution n. [C,U] action of giving (money, support, help or ideas) towards a particular aim or purpose; sth. given towards a particular aim or purpose 捐助(物)，贡献(物)，奉献 --He made a contribution to/ towards the cause. [u] action of writing articles for a publication --The editor is short of contributions for the May issue. weekly ad. once a week or every week 一周一次地，每周地 --The machine must be checked weekly. 这台机器必须每周检查一次。 a. happening once a week or every week 一周一次的，每周的 a weekly report 每周一次的报告 n. [C] a newspaper or magazine which is published once every week 周报，周刊 union n. 1.[C] a club formed by uniting people or groups; an organization of employees 协会,俱乐部；工会 Labor Union (美) 工会 ;Trade Union (英) 工会;the teachers' union 教师工会;the Students' Union. 学生会 conference meeting 普通用词，指一般性会议； conference 指正式讨论或研究某问题的会议 press conference； congress 常指正式的代表大会、国会等， 讨论并决定重大问题的会议，也可 指专门研究某一问题的会议。 distinguish vt. 1. recognize the difference between (people or things) 辨别，识别 The twins look so much like each other that no one can distinguish one from the other. 这对双胞胎长得非常像，无人能分辨出谁是谁。 2. (oneself) behave or perform noticeably well 表现突出 --She distinguished herself by her coolness and bravery. 她以沉着勇敢著称。 distinguished guests classical a. (of music) serious and traditional in style 古典的 --Do you prefer classical music or popular music?你喜欢古典音乐还是流行音乐？ 指古希腊、罗马的文学、艺术， 意为“古典（文学或艺术的）”。在文学艺术上分别与浪漫 主义和流行音乐相对； classic 第一流的， 上等的 if only 1) used to express a wish that past events had been different --If only I had gone by taxi. 要是我乘出租车去就好了。 --If only he’d remembered to bring her here. 要是他没忘记把她带来就好了。 2) used to express a wish or a desire, esp. one that cannot be fulfilled
- If only I could be there and talk with the pop singer!要是我能在那儿和那位流行歌手交谈就 好了! - If only she would marry me!她要是愿意嫁给我就好了! ording to as stated by(sb )or in(sth fRQ--You've been in prison six times according to our records R--According to Sarah theyre not getting on very well at the moment 据萨拉讲,他们目前的进展不是很好。 be well off be in a good position,esp. financially经济充裕,富裕 You don t need to look for another job--you're well off where you are 你没有必要再去找工作你现在的经济情况就相当不错了 at a low at a low level or figure处于低水平(或数字) The pound has been at a new low.英镑的价位已降到新的最低点。 Things have been at a bit of a low.最近的情况一直不太好 be fond of have a great liking for sb( doing)sth.很喜欢,很喜爱 Johns fond of pointing out other people's mistake be proud of take pride in为…感到自豪 hey were proud of their success他们对自己的成功感到自豪。 arrive at reach(sh. such as a place or conclusion)达成,得出 /e argued about it for hours before we arrived at a decision 我们为这事争论了好几个小时才作出一项决定。 be meant to do be supposed to do应做 You are meant to pay before you come in.你得交费后方能进入 find out about(sb/sth,) by reading借助阅读发现(或查明) It was sad to read of the death of the famous actress in this mornings newspaper be engaged in/ start a strike举行罢工 The ship- builders went on strike for higher pay.造船工人因要求增加工资而举行了罢工 in the long run after a long period; in the end n the long run the prices are bound to rise.价格终究是要上涨的。 Detailed study of the text l.It has often been remarked that the saddest thing about youth is that it is wasted on the young.(Para. 1) Meaning: It has often been said that the saddest thing about youth is that youth, i.e. the opportunities, good health, etc. that are available when people are young, are wasted or not appreciated by young people 2. if it(whatever it may be) wont compute and you cant drink it, smoke it or spend it, then“it” holds little value.(Para.3) Meaning: If something(no matter what it may be) cannot be counted in terms of money and you cannot drink it, smoke it or spend it then it is of little value. In short, only material things are of alue to young people. Here the verb "compute"is used in notional passive, that is, it is active in form but passive in More example The book translates well
--If only I could be there and talk with the pop singer! 要是我能在那儿和那位流行歌手交谈就 好了！ --If only she would marry me! 她要是愿意嫁给我就好了！ according to as stated by (sb.) or in (sth.) 根 --You've been in prison six times according to our records. 根 --According to Sarah they're not getting on very well at the moment. 据萨拉讲，他们目前的进展不是很好。 be well off be in a good position, esp. financially 经济充裕，富裕 --You don't need to look for another job -- you're well off where you are. 你没有必要再去找工作 -- 你现在的经济情况就相当不错了。 at a low at a low level or figure 处于低水平（或数字） --The pound has been at a new low. 英镑的价位已降到新的最低点。 --Things have been at a bit of a low. 最近的情况一直不太好。 be fond of have a great liking for sb./(doing) sth. 很喜欢，很喜爱 --John's fond of pointing out other people's mistakes. be proud of take pride in 为……感到自豪 --They were proud of their success. 他们对自己的成功感到自豪。 arrive at reach (sth. such as a place or conclusion) 达成，得出 --We argued about it for hours before we arrived at a decision. 我们为这事争论了好几个小时才作出一项决定。 be meant to do be supposed to do 应做 --You are meant to pay before you come in. 你得交费后方能进入。 read of find out about (sb./sth.) by reading 借助阅读发现(或查明) --It was sad to read of the death of the famous actress in this morning's newspaper. go on strike be engaged in / start a strike 举行罢工 --The ship-builders went on strike for higher pay. 造船工人因要求增加工资而举行了罢工。 in the long run after a long period; in the end --In the long run the prices are bound to rise. 价格终究是要上涨的。 Detailed study of the text 1.It has often been remarked that the saddest thing about youth is that it is wast ed on the young. (Para. 1) Meaning: It has often been said that the saddest thing about youth is that youth, i.e. the opportunities, good health, etc. that are available when people are young, are wasted or not appreciated by young people. 2.… if it (whatever it may be) won’t compute and you can’t drink it, smoke it or spend it, then “it” holds little value. (Para. 3) Meaning: If something (no matter what it may be) cannot be counted in terms of money and you cannot drink it, smoke it or spend it, then it is of little value. In short, only material things are of value to young people. if it ... won’t compute: if it ... can’t be counted in terms of money Here the verb “compute” is used in notional passive, that is, it is active in form but passive in meaning. More examples of notional passive: --The book translates well