UNIT FOUR Section A Studying abroad L. Background information 1. Host family is the family that provides board and room, food, etc for overseas isitors or students 2. Christians are followers of Jesus with whom they have a personal relationship and whom they accept/receive into their lives as God s son and the way to heaven. They believe that there is one God. Most Christians are members of one of three major groups-Roman Catholic, Protestant, or Eastern Orthod Christianity has had an enormous influence on Western civilization, especially on artbusinessgovernmentandsocialrelationsSeehttp://www.riverpower.orgfor answers to some frequently asked questions about Christianity 3. Income tax is one of the taxations on individuals and companies. In many countries or regions such as the US and Western Europe income tax is one of the major financial resources of the government. It first appeared in France in 1793 4. Health insurance is a system for the advance financing of medical expenses by means of fees or taxes paid into a common fund to pay for all or part of health services specified in an insurance policy or law. Health insurance may apply to a limited or broad range of med ical services and may provide for full or partial costs of specific services. Benefits may consist of the right to certain medical serv ices or repay ing the insured for specified med ical costs and may sometimes include income benefits for working time lost owing to sickness or maternity leave Il word study 1. routine a.usua; regular日常的,常规的,例行的 routine flight常规航班 routine care例行维修 ---It is just a routine medical examination, nothing to get worried about 这只是例行体检,没什么可担心的。 n.[C,U] fixed or regular way of doing things例行公事(手续),常规 The sold iers checked on everyone as a matter of routine 士兵们按常规检查了每一个人。] [ite ] Children and old people do not like having their daily upset A habit B. routine C. practice D custom 2. host (1)C]主人,东道主 As Mr. Smith was away, Tom, the eldest son, acted as the host at the dinner. 这个城市去年接待了55万游客 (2)[C]主持人 ---Our host for tonight's show is Terry Wogan 今晚演出的主持人是泰莉·沃根 (3)(of) great number大量,许多 The research group is faced with a host of difficulties
UNIT FOUR Section A Studying Abroad I. Background Information 1. Host family is the family that provides ‘board and room’, food, etc. for overseas visitors or students. 2. Christians are followers of Jesus with whom they have a personal relationship and whom they accept/receive into their lives as God’s son and the way to heaven. They believe that there is one God. Most Christians are members of one of three major groups -- Roman Catholic, Protestant, or Eastern Orthodox. Christianity has had an enormous influence on Western civilization, especially on art, business, government, and social relations. See http://www.riverpower.org/ for answers to some frequently asked questions about Christianity. 3. Income tax is one of the taxations on individuals and companies. In many countries or regions such as the US and Western Europe income tax is one of the major financial resources of the government. It first appeared in France in 1793. 4. Health insurance is a system for the advance financing of medical expenses by means of fees or taxes paid into a common fund to pay for all or part of health services specified in an insurance policy or law. Health insurance may apply to a limited or broad range of medical services and may provide for full or partial costs of specific services. Benefits may consist of the right to certain medical services or repaying the insured for specified medical costs and may sometimes include income benefits for working time lost owing to sickness or maternity leave. II. Word Study 1. routine a. usual; regular 日常的，常规的，例行的 ---routine flight 常规航班 routine care 例行维修 ---It is just a routine medical examination, nothing to get worried about. 这只是例行体检, 没什么可担心的。 n. [C, U] fixed or regular way of doing things 例行公事（手续），常规 ---The soldiers checked on everyone as a matter of routine. 士兵们按常规检查了每一个人。 ] [试题]Children and old people do not like having their daily ____ upset. A. habit B. routine C. practice D. custom 2. host n. (1)[C] 主人，东道主 ---As Mr. Smith was away, Tom, the eldest son, acted as the host at the dinner. ---This city was host to 550,000 visitors last year. 这个城市去年接待了 55 万游客。 (2) [C] 主持人 ---Our host for tonight's show is Terry Wogan. 今晚演出的主持人是泰莉·沃根。 (3) (of) great number 大量, 许多 ---The research group is faced with a host of difficulties
vt. act as host of做……东道主(或主持人) ---Beijing will host the Olympic Games in the year of 2008 北京将于2008年主办奥运会 3. authority n (1)(usu.pl)掌权的人,掌权的一班人,当局 local authorities(市镇、郡、区等的)地方当局 (2)[C] a person with special knowledge具有专门知识的人,权威 He is a recognized authority.他是公认的权威 -He is a famous international authority on shipbuilding 他是国际著名的造船权威。 (3)凹U] power to give orders and make others obey权力,权威,权势 ---You don' t have any authority for entering this house. It's private 你们没有任何权力进入这所房子这是私宅。 4. grant vt agree to give or allow( what is asked for)准许,允许,答应给予 - -to grant a favor, request,etc.答应帮忙,请求等 - to grant sb. permission to do sth.准许某人做某事 The minister agreed to grant the journalists an interview 部长同意接受记者访问 n.[C]授予之物(尤指政府拨款、补助金、助学金) The government gave us a grant to build another classroom 政府给了我们一笔补助,用来盖另外一间教室。 ---They gave her a grant to study abroad for one year. 他们给予她一份助学金资助她出国学习一年 Lite] Their government their permission to leave the country A. allowed B. offered D 5. certificate n.证明,证书,执照 -- a certificate of birth出生证明 a marriage certificate结婚证书 academic certificate学历证书 You'll need a doctor's certificate to prove that you' ve been too ill to go to work 你得有医生证明,证明你病得不能上班了。 [试题]This shows that John has completed the school work of the eighth grade. A qualification B identificatio C. license D. certificate pecify vt. state or name clear ly( details. materials,etc.)明确说明,具体指定 ---It is specif ied that you may use a dictionary in the examination 规定考试时可使用辞典 did he specify any particular time for us to call? 他有没有指定某个时间让我们来拜访? 7. overseas a. across the sea; foreign(在、到、来自)海外的,外国的 - the overseas Chinese海外华侨 an overseas ed ition海外版 overseas students留学生。 d. across the sea; abroad在海外;在国外 --- Many more people travel overseas for their holidays now than used to be
vt. act as host of 做…… 东道主（或主持人） ---Beijing will host the Olympic Games in the year of 2008. 北京将于 2008 年主办奥运会。 3. authority n. (1) (usu. pl.)掌权的人, 掌权的一班人, 当局 ---local authorities (市镇、郡、区等的) 地方当局 (2) [C] a person with special knowledge 具有专门知识的人, 权威 ---He is a recognized authority. 他是公认的权威。 ---He is a famous international authority on shipbuilding. 他是国际著名的造船权威。 (3) [U] power to give orders and make others obey 权力，权威，权势 ---You don't have any authority for entering this house. It's private. 你们没有任何权力进入这所房子,这是私宅。 4. grant vt. agree to give or allow (what is asked for)准许，允许，答应给予 ---to grant a favor, request, etc. 答应帮忙，请求等 ---to grant sb. permission to do sth. 准许某人做某事 ---The minister agreed to grant the journalists an interview. 部长同意接受记者访问。 n. [C] 授予之物（尤指政府拨款、补助金、助学金） ---The government gave us a grant to build another classroom. 政府给了我们一笔补助，用来盖另外一间教室。 ---They gave her a grant to study abroad for one year. 他们给予她一份助学金资助她出国学习一年。 [试题]Their government ____ their permission to leave the country. A. allowed B. offered C. granted D. gave 5. certificate n. 证明，证书，执照 ---a certificate of birth.出生证明 a marriage certificate 结婚证书 academic certificate 学历证书 ---You'll need a doctor's certificate to prove that you've been too ill to go to work. 你得有医生证明，证明你病得不能上班了。 [试题]This ____ shows that John has completed the school work of the eighth grade. A. qualification B. identification C. license D. certificate 6. specify vt. state or name clearly (details, materials, etc.) 明确说明，具体指定 ---It is specified that you may use a dictionary in the examination. 规定考试时可使用辞典。 ---Did he specify any particular time for us to call? 他有没有指定某个时间让我们来拜访？ 7. overseas a. across the sea; foreign (在、到、来自) 海外的，外国的 ---the overseas Chinese 海外华侨 an overseas edition 海外版 overseas students 留学生。 ad. across the sea; abroad 在海外；在国外 --- Many more people travel overseas for their holidays now than used to be
the case.现在比以前有更多的人去海外度假 8. deduct vt. take away( an amount or part)扣除,减去 her deducted ten marks for bad hand employer deducted a pound from my wages this week 我的雇主从我本周的工钱中扣除了1英镑 (1)[U](usu.Sing)保险 personal insurance人身保险 life insurance.人寿保险 -- accident insurance意外保险 aviation insurance航空保险 (2)U] money paid by or to such a company,etc.保险费,保险金额 when her husband died she received f50.000 in insurance 她丈夫去世时,她得到了5万英镑的保险金。 0. accustomed a (1) usual惯常的 He spoke with his accustomed modesty他以惯有的谦虚态度讲话 (2)( to sth) used to(sth)习惯于 ---I'm not accustomed to getting up so early to do morning exercise The child was accustomed to having her way.这孩子任性惯了。 11. suggestion n (1)IC]所提出或建议的主意,计划,人选 .i want suggestions about what to do today ---I followed his suggestion that I lose weight (2)IC]sign细微的迹象 Her hands had no suggestion of age.她的双手毫无老年的迹象。 - I found a suggestion of anger in his remarks.我发觉他的话中有怒气 12. item n (1)IC] single article or unit in a list,etc.目录的条款,项目 m-- The restaurant has a long menu of about 50 items 这家餐馆的菜单很长,大约有50个品种 (2)[C] single piece of news(新闻的)一条 -- a front-page item头版新闻 The earthquake was the most important item of news this week 地震是本周最重要的一条新闻。 13.descendv.come,fallorsinkfromahighertoalowerlevel下来,下降 -- The sun descended over the western hills.日落西山。 He descended the ladder.他从梯子上爬下来 Liei We managed to reach the top of the mountain, and half an hour later we A decline descend C. ascend 14. await vt 1)( of a person) wait for(sb./sth)指人)等候 che is anxiously awaiting the result of the medical tests we are awaiting a call from mary (2) be ready or waiting for(sb.sth)准备以待,等待
the case. 现在比以前有更多的人去海外度假。 8. deduct vt. take away (an amount or part) 扣除，减去 ---The teacher deducted ten marks for bad handwriting. ---My employer deducted a pound from my wages this week. 我的雇主从我本周的工钱中扣除了 1 英镑。 9. insurance n. (1) [U], (usu. Sing.) 保险 ---personal insurance 人身保险 life insurance. 人寿保险 ---accident insurance 意外保险 aviation insurance 航空保险 (2) [U] money paid by or to such a company, etc. 保险费，保险金额 ---When her husband died, she received ￡50,000 in insurance. 她丈夫去世时，她得到了 5 万英镑的保险金。 10. accustomed a. (1) usual 惯常的 ---He spoke with his accustomed modesty.他以惯有的谦虚态度讲话. (2) (~ to sth.) used to (sth.) 习惯于 ---I'm not accustomed to getting up so early to do morning exercise. ---The child was accustomed to having her way. 这孩子任性惯了。 11. suggestion n. (1) [C] 所提出或建议的主意，计划，人选 ---I want suggestions about what to do today. ---I followed his suggestion that I lose weight. (2) [C] sign 细微的迹象 ---Her hands had no suggestion of age. 她的双手毫无老年的迹象。 ---I found a suggestion of anger in his remarks. 我发觉他的话中有怒气。 12. item n. (1) [C] single article or unit in a list, etc.目录的条款，项目 --- The restaurant has a long menu of about 50 items. 这家餐馆的菜单很长，大约有 50 个品种。 (2) [C] single piece of news （新闻的）一条 ---a front-page item 头版新闻 ---The earthquake was the most important item of news this week. 地震是本周最重要的一条新闻。 13. descend v. come, fall, or sink from a higher to a lower level 下来，下降 ---The sun descended over the western hills. 日落西山。 ---He descended the ladder. 他从梯子上爬下来。 [试题]We managed to reach the top of the mountain, and half an hour later we began to ____. A. decline B. descend C. ascend D. plunge 14. await vt. (1) (of a person) wait for (sb. / sth.)(指人) 等候 ---He is anxiously awaiting the result of the medical tests. ---We are awaiting a call from Mary. (2) be ready or waiting for (sb. /sth.) 准备以待，等待
.a surprise awaited us on our arrival 我们到达时,发生了一件意想不到的事 a hearty welcome awaits all our customers 15. domestic a (1) of or inside a particular country国内的,本国的 - domestic flights国内航班 domestic oil国产油 domestic wine国产酒 domestic markets国内市场 domestic and foreign news国内外新闻 (2) of the home, house or family家的,家庭的,家务的 - domestic chores家庭杂务 domestic concerns [affairs内政家务 domestic troubles家庭纠纷 domestic animals家畜 16~- She is a very domestic sort of woman她是个十足的家庭妇女。 adap vi become accustomed to new conditions,etc.使适应(新情况) - Our eyes slowly adapted to the dark.我们的眼睛慢慢地适应了黑暗。 ---When we moved to France, the children adapted to the change well 我们搬到法国时,孩子们很顺利地适应了这一变化 t.(1) make sth. suitable for a new use, situation,etc.使适应(新用途,新情况) ---Many software companies have adapted popular programs to the new operating system.许多软件公司改变了程序以适应新的操作系统 (2) change( something) for other uses改写,改编,改装 The play has been adapted for children.该剧已被改编以适合儿童观看。 -This novel has been adapted for radio from the English original 这部小说已由英文原著改编成广播剧。 [试题] The newcomers found it impossible to hemselves to the climate sufficiently to make permanent homes in the new country A. suit B adapt C regulate D coord inate 17. nourish vt (1) keep alive and well with food滋养,给予营养,养育 Most plants are nourished by water drawn up through their roots 大部分植物依赖其根所吸水分来获得营养。 well-nourished/ undernourished children营养好/不足的孩子 (2) have or increase( a feeling,etc.)持有或怀有(情绪);增进(情感) ---Lisa has long nourished the hope of becoming a famous writer 丽莎长期以来一直希望能成为一个名作家 The young man nourished a deep attraction for her. 这位年轻人深深地爱着她 18. pine vi(1) be very unhappy不快活,悲伤 ---She certainly hasn't been pining while you were away 你不在的时候她确实没有不快活过。 (2)(for) long for or miss sb.渴望,思念 ---She was pining for her mother. --They were pining to return home 19. regulation n
---A surprise awaited us on our arrival. 我们到达时，发生了一件意想不到的事。 ---A hearty welcome awaits all our customers. 15. domestic a. (1) of or inside a particular country 国内的，本国的 ---domestic flights 国内航班 domestic oil 国产油 domestic wine 国产酒 domestic markets 国内市场 domestic and foreign news 国内外新闻 (2) of the home, house or family 家的，家庭的，家务的 ---domestic chores 家庭杂务 domestic concerns [affairs]内政,家务 domestic troubles 家庭纠纷 domestic animals 家畜 ---She is a very domestic sort of woman.她是个十足的家庭妇女。 16. adapt vi. become accustomed to new conditions, etc.使适应（新情况） ---Our eyes slowly adapted to the dark. 我们的眼睛慢慢地适应了黑暗。 ---When we moved to France, the children adapted to the change well. 我们搬到法国时，孩子们很顺利地适应了这一变化。 vt. (1) make sth. suitable for a new use, situation, etc.使适应（新用途，新情况） ---Many software companies have adapted popular programs to the new operating system. 许多软件公司改变了程序以适应新的操作系统。 (2) change (something) for other uses 改写，改编, 改装 ---The play has been adapted for children. 该剧已被改编以适合儿童观看。 ---This novel has been adapted for radio from the English original. 这部小说已由英文原著改编成广播剧。 [试题]The newcomers found it impossible to ___ themselves to the climate sufficiently to make permanent homes in the new country. A. suit B. adapt C. regulate D. coordinate 17. nourish vt. (1) keep alive and well with food 滋养，给予营养，养育 ---Most plants are nourished by water drawn up through their roots. 大部分植物依赖其根所吸水分来获得营养。 ---well-nourished / undernourished children 营养好/ 不足的孩子 (2) have or increase (a feeling, etc.) 持有或怀有（情绪）；增进（情感） ---Lisa has long nourished the hope of becoming a famous writer. 丽莎长期以来一直希望能成为一个名作家。 ---The young man nourished a deep attraction for her. 这位年轻人深深地爱着她。 18. pine vi. (1) be very unhappy 不快活，悲伤 ---She certainly hasn't been pining while you were away. 你不在的时候她确实没有不快活过。 (2) (for) long for or miss sb. 渴望，思念 ---She was pining for her mother. ---They were pining to return home. 19. regulation n
(1)IC] rule made by an authority规章,规则,条例 -- fire regulations消防制度 the school regulations校规 -- keep to the regulations遵守规则 laws and regulations法令 2)U] controlling or being controlled管理,节制,调节,控制 - the regulation of food prices食品价格的管理 Regulation of all the machines must take place every month 所有机器都必须每月校准一次。 20. command n.(1)U]( usu. sing) ability to use or control sth.掌握,控制 -- He has a good command of the french language.他精通法语。 He has no command over himself.他无法控制自己。 (2)IC] order命令 You will run forward at my command.一听到我的命令,你就向前跑。 v(1) be able to use(sth)能够支配,可以使用 - She commands great wealth.她拥有大量财富。 (2) order(指上级,当局)命令,指挥 -- She commanded that the army cross the water.她命令部队过河。 21. fare n.[C]车费,船费,乘客购票所付的费用 -- hat is the bus fare to london?到伦敦去的公共汽车票价格多少? Train fares are going up again.火车票价又涨价了 vI progress; get on进展 How did you fare while you were abroad?你在国外时过得怎么样? workers will fare badly under this government 在这个政府的领导下工人们会过得很惨。 Ill. Phrases and Expressions 1. at first glance: when seen or examined for the first time乍一看;最初看到时 At first glance the problem seemed easy.乍一看,那问题似乎很容易解决 2. as long as: on cond ition that; provided that Rs5 As long as it doesn't rain we can play.只要天不下雨,我们就能玩 ---I don' t mind where you go as long as you don' t get into any trouble 只要你不惹麻烦,你去哪儿我都无所谓 3. live through: experience经历,经受住 My aunt has lived through three wars.我的婶婶经历了三次战争。 - he has lived through some terrible experiences.她经历过一些可怕的事情。 4. plan on: aim for, prepare为……做准备 We hadn,'t planned on twins!我们没有生双胞胎的思想准备。 We were planning on just having a snack and catching the early train 我们打算吃份快餐然后去赶早班火车。 6. work out: devise;plan设计,计划 -The teacher worked out a new way of teaching 那个老师设计了一种新的授课方法 ---We must work out a better method of saving paper 我们必须想出更好的节约纸张的方法
(1) [C] rule made by an authority 规章，规则，条例 ---fire regulations 消防制度 the school regulations 校规 ---keep to the regulations 遵守规则 laws and regulations 法令 (2) [U] controlling or being controlled 管理，节制，调节，控制 ---the regulation of food prices 食品价格的管理 ---Regulation of all the machines must take place every month. 所有机器都必须每月校准一次。 20. command n. (1) [U] (usu. Sing.) ability to use or control sth. 掌握，控制 ---He has a good command of the French language. 他精通法语。 ---He has no command over himself. 他无法控制自己。 (2) [C] order 命令 ---You will run forward at my command. 一听到我的命令，你就向前跑。 v. (1) be able to use (sth.) 能够支配，可以使用 ---She commands great wealth. 她拥有大量财富。 (2) order （指上级，当局）命令，指挥 --- She commanded that the army cross the water. 她命令部队过河。 21. fare n. [C] 车费，船费，乘客购票所付的费用 ---What is the bus fare to London? 到伦敦去的公共汽车票价格多少？ ---Train fares are going up again. 火车票价又涨价了。 vi. progress; get on 进展 ---How did you fare while you were abroad? 你在国外时过得怎么样？ ---Workers will fare badly under this government. 在这个政府的领导下工人们会过得很惨。 III. Phrases and Expressions 1. at first glance: when seen or examined for the first time 乍一看；最初看到时 ---At first glance the problem seemed easy. 乍一看，那问题似乎很容易解决。 2. as long as: on condition that; provided that 只要 ---As long as it doesn't rain we can play. 只要天不下雨，我们就能玩。 ---I don't mind where you go as long as you don't get into any trouble. 只要你不惹麻烦，你去哪儿我都无所谓。 3. live through: experience 经历，经受住 ---My aunt has lived through three wars. 我的婶婶经历了三次战争。 ---She has lived through some terrible experiences. 她经历过一些可怕的事情。 4. plan on: aim for; prepare 为……做准备 ---We hadn't planned on twins! 我们没有生双胞胎的思想准备。 ---We were planning on just having a snack and catching the early train. 我们打算吃份快餐然后去赶早班火车。 6. work out: devise; plan 设计，计划 ---The teacher worked out a new way of teaching. 那个老师设计了一种新的授课方法。 ---We must work out a better method of saving paper. 我们必须想出更好的节约纸张的方法