Unit Seven Section a:a rose is a rose Warm-up questions 1. What gift will you choose to give your lover on Valentine's Day? And why? 2. Do you know the origin of Valentine's Day? Related information: Every february. across the country candy flowers and gifts are exchanged between loved ones, all in the name of St. Valentine. But who is this mysterious saint and why do we celebrate this holiday The history of Valentine's Day-and its patron saint- is shrouded in mystery. But we do know that February has long been a month of romance. St. Valentine's day, as we know it today, contains vestiges of both Christian and ancient roman trad ition So. who was saint valentine and how d id he become associated with this ancient rite? Today, the Catholic Church recognizes at least three different saints named valentine or Valentinus, all of whom were martyred. One legend contends that Valentine was a priest who served during the third century in Rome. When Emperor Claudius II decided that single men made better soldiers than those with wives and families he outlawed marriage for young men--his crop of potential soldiers. Valentine, realizing the injustice of the decree, defied Claudius and cont inued to perform marriages for young lovers in secret. When Valentine's actions were discovered, Claudius ordered that he be put to death. Other stories suggest that Valentine may have been killed for attempting to help Christians escape harsh Roman prisons where they were often beaten and tortured According to one legend, valentine actually sent the first'valentine' greeting himself. While in prison, it is believed that Valentine fell in love with a young girl -who may have been his jailors daughter -who visited him during his confinement. Before hi death, it is alleged that he wrote her a letter, which he signed'From your Valentine, an expression that is still in use today. Although the truth behind the Valentine legends is murky, the stories certainly emphasize his appeal as a sympathetic, heroic, and, most importantly, romantic figure. It's no surprise that by the Middle Ages, valentine was one of the most popular saints in England and France Text Structure Analysis The essay focuses on one central theme: the rose business must adapt to changing cond itions in the marketplace in order to succeed. One characteristic writing technique that runs throughout the read ing passage is a problem-solution pattern The whole passage can be divided into 4 parts The first part is Paragraph 1. The paragraph deals with the general situation of the passage. As long as the rose remains the most popular flower as a symbol of love any changing cond itions in the nation s rose industry mean much to rose growers, and to those who distribute roses and those who sell 2. The second part of the passage is a complete problem-solution pattern. The part consists of 5 paragraphs, from Paragraph 2 to Paragraph 6. Paragraph 2 presents
Unit Seven Section A: A Rose Is a Rose Warm-up questions: 1. What gift will you choose to give your lover on Valentine’s Day? And why? 2. Do you know the origin of Valentine’s Day? Related information: Every February, across the country, candy, flowers, and gifts are exchanged between loved ones, all in the name of St. Valentine. But who is this mysterious saint and why do we celebrate this holiday. The history of Valentine's Day -- and its patron saint -- is shrouded in mystery. But we do know that February has long been a month of romance. St. Valentine's Day, as we know it today, contains vestiges of both Christian and ancient Roman tradition. So, who was Saint Valentine and how did he become associated with this ancient rite? Today, the Catholic Church recognizes at least three different saints named Valentine or Valentinus, all of whom were martyred. One legend contends that Valentine was a priest who served during the third century in Rome. When Emperor Claudius II decided that single men made better soldiers than those with wives and families, he outlawed marriage for young men -- his crop of potential soldiers. Valentine, realizing the injustice of the decree, defied Claudius and continued to perform marriages for young lovers in secret. When Valentine's actions were discovered, Claudius ordered that he be put to death. Other stories suggest that Valentine may have been killed for attempting to help Christians escape harsh Roman prisons where they were often beaten and tortured. According to one legend, Valentine actually sent the first 'valentine' greeting himself. While in prison, it is believed that Valentine fell in love with a young girl -- who may have been his jailor's daughter -- who visited him during his confinement. Before his death, it is alleged that he wrote her a letter, which he signed 'From your Valentine,' an expression that is still in use today. Although the truth behind the Valentine legends is murky, the stories certainly emphasize his appeal as a sympathetic, heroic, and, most importantly, romantic figure. It's no surprise that by the Middle Ages, Valentine was one of the most popular saints in England and France. Text Structure Analysis: The essay focuses on one central theme: the rose business must adapt to changing conditions in the marketplace in order to succeed. One characteristic writing technique that runs throughout the reading passage is a problem-solution pattern. The whole passage can be divided into 4 parts: 1. The first part is Paragraph 1. The paragraph deals with the general situation of the passage. As long as the rose remains the most popular flower as a symbol of love, any changing conditions in the nation's rose industry mean much to rose growers, and to those who distribute roses and those who sell. 2. The second part of the passage is a complete problem-solution pattern. The part consists of 5 paragraphs, from Paragraph 2 to Paragraph 6. Paragraph 2 presents
the problem: Selling roses is no longer a beautiful experience for traditional flower shops as supermarkets now offer convenience and discount rose shops help those save money. Paragraph 3 is about one example of rose selling the problem: Roses only - a company that was transformed from a traditional shop and has its headquarters in New York. It has 3 stores in New York, I in Canada and 5 in Spain, and plans to expand to three more U.S. cities this year. Paragraph 4 presents the first solution to the rose selling problem: Roses Only tries to attract customers with beautifully-decorated arrangements and make them feel they can buy roses cheap there. Paragraph 5 presents the second solution to the rose selling problem: Roses Only encourage customers to buy in dozens instead of in ones, twos and threes by cutting down the price. Paragraph 6 is about the third solution: Roses Only tries to hold prices down by controlling every link in the rose chain. It grows its own roses and provides fresh roses via overnight delivery to anywhere in the country 3. The third part of the passage is another complete problem-solution pattern. The part is made up of 6 paragraphs, from Paragraph 7 to paragraph 12. Paragraph 7 presents the problem for rose growers: Because of severe foreign competition, U. S rose growers are going bankrupt. Today, more than 57% of roses sold in the USA are grown in other countries. Paragraphs 8, 9 and 10 are about one example of rose growers dealing with the problem: Johnson Flowers, which complains that the profit margin has dropped substantially. Michael Johnson with his family members has been working in the flower growing business for many years. They have rich experience: they even had the bitter experience of being driven out of the business of growing carnations because of overseas carnation growers. Paragraphs 11 and 12 are about the solutions that Johnson Flowers have adopted in order to succeed The solutions include working with foreign flower growers instead of fighting them, having a few distribution centers to sell imported roses, widening their business area and being a representative for overseas flower producers. Besides they also start to sell other types of flowers. They took ad vantage of a recent frost that killed 25% of Colombia's rose crop. But they feel it's hard to operate a business on someone else,s disaster 4. The fourth part is made up of two paragraphs, Paragraph 13 and Paragraph 14 The two paragraphs present the conclusion to the read ing passage. When people in the rose business are try ing to adapt to changing cond itions in the marketplace in order to succeed, they long for the good old days of steady profits for them. And the customers today wonder about the rose price more than before Please note that the second part and the third part are running parallel to each other as both of them are structured in a problem-solution pattern. Both of them start with a problem, then one example of dealing with the problem followed by their solutions General situation he rose is going to remain the most popular flower because love never goes out of style. The nations rose industry elies much on the selling and growing of roses
the problem: Selling roses is no longer a beautiful experience for traditional flower shops as supermarkets now offer convenience and discount rose shops help those hopelessly in love save money. Paragraph 3 is about one example of rose selling companies dealing with the problem: Roses Only — a company that was transformed from a traditional shop and has its headquarters in New York. It has 3 stores in New York, 1 in Canada and 5 in Spain, and plans to expand to three more U.S. cities this year. Paragraph 4 presents the first solution to the rose selling problem: Roses Only tries to attract customers with beautifully-decorated arrangements and make them feel they can buy roses cheap there. Paragraph 5 presents the second solution to the rose selling problem: Roses Only tries to encourage customers to buy in dozens instead of in ones, twos and threes by cutting down the price. Paragraph 6 is about the third solution: Roses Only tries to hold prices down by controlling every link in the rose chain. It grows its own roses and provides fresh roses via overnight delivery to anywhere in the country. 3. The third part of the passage is another complete problem-solution pattern. The part is made up of 6 paragraphs, from Paragraph 7 to paragraph 12. Paragraph 7 presents the problem for rose growers: Because of severe foreign competition, U.S. rose growers are going bankrupt. Today, more than 57% of roses sold in the USA are grown in other countries. Paragraphs 8, 9 and 10 are about one example of rose growers dealing with the problem: Johnson Flowers, which complains that the profit margin has dropped substantially. Michael Johnson with his family members has been working in the flower growing business for many years. They have rich experience: they even had the bitter experience of being driven out of the business of growing carnations because of overseas carnation growers. Paragraphs 11 and 12 are about the solutions that Johnson Flowers have adopted in order to succeed. The solutions include working with foreign flower growers instead of fighting them, having a few distribution centers to sell imported roses, widening their business area and being a representative for overseas flower producers. Besides, they also start to sell other types of flowers. They took advantage of a recent frost that killed 25% of Colombia's rose crop. But they feel it's hard to operate a business on someone else's disaster. 4. The fourth part is made up of two paragraphs, Paragraph 13 and Paragraph 14. The two paragraphs present the conclusion to the reading passage. When people in the rose business are trying to adapt to changing conditions in the marketplace in order to succeed, they long for the good old days of steady profits for them. And the customers today wonder about the rose price more than before. Please note that the second part and the third part are running parallel to each other as both of them are structured in a problem-solution pattern. Both of them start with a problem, then one example of dealing with the problem followed by their solutions. General situation: The rose is going to remain the most popular flower because love never goes out of style. The nation’s rose industry relies much on the selling and growing of roses. Para. 1
Problem 2 Selling roses is no longer a beautiful experience for U.S. rose growers are going bankrupt traditional flower shops Para. 7 Para. 2 Solutions. Example of solution Example of solution: Only - a general introduction of the Johnson Flowers -a general introduction of the mpany: The company was transformed from ompany: Even though Michael Johnson with h raditional shop. With its headquarters in New York family members has been working for the rose has 3 stores in New York, I in Canada and 5 in dustry for years, they complain that their profit Spain. It plans to expand to three more U.S. cities argin has dropped substantially. The company has his year. its bitter experience in that they were driven out of Para. 3 verseas camation growers igh quality of the roses make them think they can Johnson Flowers solutions uy roses cheap there Working with foreign flower gro wers, having a few Para. 4 distribution centers to sell imported roses, widening their business area and being a representative for Roses Only s solution 2 Valentine's Day as a recent frost killed 25% of Encourage customers to buy in dozens instead of in Colombia's rose crop. But it's hard to operate ones, twos and threes by cutting down the price business on someone else's disaster Para. 5 Paras. 11&12 Paras. 2-6 Paras. 7-12 Roses Onlys solution 3 To cut down the cost, the company grows its own roses to sell fresh roses v ia overmight delivery and the company also sells other items such as balloons and stuffed animals Conclusion
________________________________________ Problem 1: Selling roses is no longer a beautiful experience for traditional flower shops. Para. 2 Solutions: Example of solution: Roses Only — a general introduction of the company: The company was transformed from a traditional shop. With its headquarters in New York, it has 3 stores in New York, 1 in Canada and 5 in Spain. It plans to expand to three more U.S. cities this year. Para. 3 Roses Only's solution 1: Well-decorated shops attract customers and the high quality of the roses make them think they can buy roses cheap there. Para. 4 Roses Only's solution 2: Encourage customers to buy in dozens instead of in ones, twos and threes by cutting down the price. Para. 5 Paras. 2- 6 Roses Only’s solution 3: To cut down the cost, the company grows its own roses to sell fresh roses via overnight delivery and the company also sells other items such as balloons and stuffed animals. Para. 6 Problem 2: U.S. rose growers are going bankrupt. Para. 7 Solutions: Example of solution: Johnson Flowers — a general introduction of the company: Even though Michael Johnson with his family members has been working for the rose industry for years, they complain that their profit margin has dropped substantially. The company has its bitter experience in that they were driven out of the business of growing carnations because of overseas carnation growers. Paras. 8-10 Johnson Flowers' solutions: Working with foreign flower growers, having a few distribution centers to sell imported roses, widening their business area and being a representative for overseas flower producers. They got a break this Valentine's Day as a recent frost killed 25% of Colombia's rose crop. But it's hard to operate a business on someone else's disaster. Paras. 11 & 12 Paras. 7-12 Conclusion:
As a result of severe foreign competition, those in the rose business long for the good old days whereas ordinary people wonder about the rose price more than befor aras.13&14 Word study l. festival n.节日:节期;喜庆日2)(音乐、戏剧、电影等的)会演 --Christmas and Easter are Christian festivals A festival atmosphere节日的气氛 the edinburgh festival爱丁堡艺术会演 a jazz festival爵士音乐会演 2. distribute v. distribυ ute sth(o/ among sb/sth)分发、分配某事物 --In a co-operative profits are distributed among the work force 在合作社中,利润是在全体劳动者中进行分配的。 The demonstrators d istributed leaflets to passers-bys示威者向行人分发传单。 spread(sth); scatter; place at different parts使(某物)散开;散布;分散放置 Baggage loaded onto an aircraft must be evenly distributed 飞机载运的行李应均匀放置在各个部位 distribution 1)分发,分配;分送:2)分布 The distribution of catalogues forms, prizes etc --the d istribution of schools in this district 3. executive a.经营管理的,经营的,经理的; --executive duties; possess executive abilities 有执行权的,行政的,决策的:- executive authority行政当局 person or group in a business organization, trade union, etc with administrative or managerial power行政领导;经理;董事;董事会: a sales executive营业主任 The executive has/have been making decisions about the future of the company 领导层一直在研究公司未来的决策 行政人员- executive officer 4. discount n.u,c].1)折扣2)不受重视的;不时兴的 We give a 10% d iscount for cash.现金付款,我们予以九折优惠。 - Concern for others seems to be at a discount today如今好象不兴关心别人。 Discount shop廉价商店 V:不重视,不相信,不理会(某人、某事) -You can d iscount what jack said he's a dread ful liar. 杰克说的话你不必当真,他可是个说谎大王 5. headquarters n.总部;司令部:大本营 The firms headquarters are in London 6. avenue n.1.林荫道,2,大街,3,途径,手段 an avenue to success成功、成名等之路 We have explored every avenue.我们已经探索过了各种途径。 7. circulate v.1)(使某物)循环2)流通 Blood circulates through the body - open a window to allow the air to circulate开窗使空气流通
As a result of severe foreign competition, those in the rose business long for the good old days whereas ordinary people wonder about the rose price more than before. Paras. 13 & 14 Word Study 1. festival n. 节日；节期；喜庆日 2）（音乐、戏剧、电影等的）会演： --Christmas and Easter are Christian festivals. A festival atmosphere 节日的气氛 --the Edinburgh Festival 爱丁堡艺术会演 --a jazz festival 爵士音乐会演 2. distribute v. distribute sth (to/among sb/sth) 分发、分配某事物 --In a co-operative profits are distributed among the work force. 在合作社中，利润是在全体劳动者中进行分配的。 --The demonstrators distributed leaflets to passers-bys.示威者向行人分发传单。 spread(sth); scatter; place at different parts 使（某物）散开；散布；分散放置 --Baggage loaded onto an aircraft must be evenly distributed. 飞机载运的行李应均匀放置在各个部位。 distribution 1) 分发，分配；分送：2) 分布 --The distribution of catalogues forms; prizes etc --the distribution of schools in this district. 3. executive a. 经营管理的，经营的，经理的； --executive duties; possess executive abilities 有执行权的， 行政的，决策的：--executive authority 行政当局 person or group in a business organization, trade union, etc with administrative or managerial power 行政领导；经理；董事；董事会： --a sales executive 营业主任 --The executive has/have been making decisions about the future of the company. 领导层一直在研究公司未来的决策。 行政人员 --executive officer 4. discount n .[u, c]. 1) 折扣 2）不受重视的；不时兴的： --We give a 10% discount for cash. 现金付款，我们予以九折优惠。 --Concern for others seems to be at a discount today 如今好象不兴关心别人。 Discount shop:廉价商店 v: 不重视，不相信，不理会（某人、某事） --You can discount what Jack said: he’s a dreadful liar. 杰克说的话你不必当真，他可是个说谎大王。 5. headquarters n. 总部；司令部；大本营 --The firm’s headquarters are in London. 6. avenue n. 1.林荫道，2，大街， 3，途径，手段 --an avenue to success 成功、成名等之路 --We have explored every avenue. 我们已经探索过了各种途径。 7. circulate v. 1) （使某物）循环 2)流通： --Blood circulates through the body. --open a window to allow the air to circulate 开窗使空气流通
3)(使某事物)流传;传播:4)发通知告知(某人) he news of her death circulated quickly她死去的消息迅速传开 lave you been circulated with details of the conference? 你收到会议详细的通知了吗? circulation n.1)血液循环2)流传,传播,流通 --Police say a number of forged banknotes are in circulation 警方称市面上有一定数量的伪钞。 3)报纸、杂志等售出的份数,发行额,销售量 --a newspaper with a daily circulation of more than one million - circulation figure销售数字 8. counter n.1)柜台2)(指药品)无处方: These tablets are available over the counter这些药片无需处方可直接购买。 under the counter暗中交易,走后门 In Britain pornography was once sold under the counter 在英国,色情书画曾一度在暗地里出售。 ady. counter to sth与某事物的方向相反,相反地 act counter to sb's wishes违背某人的意愿 counter with sth,反对,反击 --They countered our proposal with one of their own 他们针对我们的建议提出了一项相反的建议。 9. index n.1)索引: card index卡片索引2)指数: the cost-of-living index生活费 用指数3)标志、表征、量度4)指数,幂 The increasing sale of luxury goods is an index of the countrys prosperity 奢侈商品销售量日增是该国繁荣的标志 .1)为.编索引,将某物编入索引 This book is well indexed indexation(工资、养老金的调整指数,指数化) index finger食指 index-linked adj.(指工资、养老金等)按生活指数调整的 l0. delivery n.1)递送,投递,交付(信件、货物)等 Your order is ready for delivery你订购的货物可随时交付。 We have two postal deliveries each day我们每天收到两次信 2)(递送或交付的)货物、邮件等 -We had a big delivery of coal today 3)分娩 an easy /difficult delivery 4)(球的)投掷,(导弹的)发射 a fast, hostile delivery快速投球,投出刁球 delivery note送货单 delivery van厢式送货车 v.I) deliver(sth)( to sb/sth)递送,传递(信件、包裹、货物等) 2)(只用于被动语态) be delivered of sb生小孩 She was delivered of a healthy boy 3)助产,接生- Her baby was delivered by her own doctor 4授课,讲道,讲话- She delivered a talk on philosophy to the society ll. soar v.1)急速升人高空;2)高耸,矗立;3)翱翔,滑翔
3) （使某事物）流传；传播：4) 发通知告知（某人） --The news of her death circulated quickly.她死去的消息迅速传开。 --Have you been circulated with details of the conference? 你收到会议详细的通知了吗？ circulation n. 1)血液循环 2)流传，传播，流通 --Police say a number of forged banknotes are in circulation. 警方称市面上有一定数量的伪钞。 3)报纸、杂志等售出的份数，发行额，销售量： --a newspaper with a daily circulation of more than one million --circulation figure 销售数字 8. counter n. 1)柜台 2)（指药品）无处方： --These tablets are available over the counter.这些药片无需处方可直接购买。 under the counter 暗中交易，走后门 --In Britain pornography was once sold under the counter. 在英国，色情书画曾一度在暗地里出售。 adv. counter to sth 与某事物的方向相反，相反地 act counter to sb’s wishes 违背某人的意愿 counter with sth, 反对，反击 --They countered our proposal with one of their own. 他们针对我们的建议提出了一项相反的建议。 9. index n. 1)索引：card index 卡片索引 2)指数：the cost-of-living index 生活费 用指数 3）标志、表征、量度 4) 指数，幂 --The increasing sale of luxury goods is an index of the country’s prosperity. 奢侈商品销售量日增是该国繁荣的标志。 v. 1) 为…编索引，将某物编入索引 --This book is well indexed. indexation （工资、养老金的调整指数，指数化） index finger 食指 index-linked adj. （指工资、养老金等）按生活指数调整的 10. delivery n. 1)递送，投递，交付（信件、货物）等 --Your order is ready for delivery.你订购的货物可随时交付。 --We have two postal deliveries each day.我们每天收到两次信。 2）（递送或交付的）货物、邮件等 --We had a big delivery of coal today. 3) 分娩 an easy /difficult delivery 4) （球的）投掷，（导弹的）发射 a fast, hostile delivery.快速投球，投出刁球 delivery note 送货单 delivery van 厢式送货车 v. 1) deliver (sth) (to sb/sth) 递送，传递（信件、包裹、货物等） 2)(只用于被动语态) be delivered of sb 生小孩 --She was delivered of a healthy boy. 3）助产，接生 --Her baby was delivered by her own doctor. 4)授课，讲道，讲话--She delivered a talk on philosophy to the society. 11. soar v. 1) 急速升人高空; 2) 高耸，矗立; 3) 翱翔，滑翔