Unit 3 Section A Where principles come first I Background Knowledge 1. The Hyde school In 1966, Joseph W. Gauld founded the first Hyde School in Bath, Maine in response to a system of education which he believed was failing its children because of conflicting priorities His search for a that valued attitude atitude, effort over ability, and character over talent. This emphasis creates a learning environment where students experience success with integrity, the kind of success that lasts a lifetime 2. Bath Bath is an old seafaring town. Its recorded maritime history began only 12 miles down the Kennebec when 400 years ago the first ship built by settlers in the New world was launched Shipyards once lined the river's edge and Bath-built vessels sailed the seas of the world. Bath is now the home of the world-class shipbuilder Bath Iron Works 3. Baltimore Baltimore is a city of northern Maryland on an arm of Chesapeake Bay northeast of Washington, DC. It has been a busy port since the 18th century. a city on the move with new attractions, Baltimore is an exciting city with charming neighborhoods, ethnic and cultural diversity, and a wealth of history 4. New Haven Less than four centuries ago the area which is now new haven was the home of a small trib of Native Americans, the Quinnipiac, who built their villages around the harbor. By the time the Revolutionary War began, New Haven had evolved from a colonial village into a growing town of about 3, 500 that would contribute men, financial support and arms to the revolutionary cause New Havens economy flourished during the Civil War era I. Text Analysis I What's the text mainly about? The text is about the Hyde Schools successful search for a new approach in education, which is centered upon teaching students the merit of such values as truth, integrity, leadership, curiosity and concern. It introduces the effort made to make the Character First idea accepted by the public schools, the detailed approaches to education, and the benefits to both teachers and students 2. How is the text organized? Part I(paras. 1-2): The principle of the Hyde School Part Il(paras.3--11): The efforts made by Gauld to let the public schools accept his Character First idea Part Ill(paras. 12--16): The Hyde schools approach to education Part IV(paras. 17-20): The Hyde approaches benefit both teachers and students Language Points 1. publicity n
1 Unit 3 Section A Where Principles Come First I. Background Knowledge 1. The Hyde School In 1966, Joseph W. Gauld founded the first Hyde School in Bath, Maine in response to a system of education which he believed was failing its children because of conflicting priorities. His search for a new approach in education led to a program that valued attitude over aptitude, effort over ability, and character over talent. This emphasis creates a learning environment where students experience success with integrity, the kind of success that lasts a lifetime. 2. Bath Bath is an old seafaring town. Its recorded maritime history began only 12 miles down the Kennebec when 400 years ago the first ship built by settlers in the New World was launched. Shipyards once lined the river’s edge and Bath-built vessels sailed the seas of the world. Bath is now the home of the world-class shipbuilder Bath Iron Works. 3. Baltimore Baltimore is a city of northern Maryland on an arm of Chesapeake Bay northeast of Washington, DC. It has been a busy port since the 18th century. A city on the move with new attractions, Baltimore is an exciting city with charming neighborhoods, ethnic and cultural diversity, and a wealth of history. 4. New Haven Less than four centuries ago the area which is now New Haven was the home of a small tribe of Native Americans, the Quinnipiac, who built their villages around the harbor. By the time the Revolutionary War began, New Haven had evolved from a colonial village into a growing town of about 3,500 that would contribute men, financial support and arms to the revolutionary cause. New Haven’s economy flourished during the Civil War era. II. Text Analysis 1. What’s the text mainly about? The text is about the Hyde School’s successful search for a new approach in education, which is centered upon teaching students the merit of such values as truth, integrity, leadership, curiosity and concern. It introduces the effort made to make the Character First idea accepted by the public schools, the detailed approaches to education, and the benefits to both teachers and students. 2. How is the text organized? Part I (paras.1--2): The principle of the Hyde School. Part II (paras.3--11): The efforts made by Gauld to let the public schools accept his Character First idea. Part III (paras.12--16): The Hyde School’s approach to education. Part IV (paras.17—20): The Hyde approaches benefit both teachers and students. III. Language Points 1. publicity n
1).[ U] public notice or attention公众的注意;名声 The film actress's marriage got a lot of publicity 这位女电影演员的婚姻引起了公众的极大关注 seek/avoid publicity追求/避免公众注意 e). [U](business of) providing information in order to attract public attention; advertising(tEl 业)广告,宣传,宣扬 The concert wasn't given much advance publicity, so many tickets remained unsold.音乐会事 先没有做很多宣传,所以许多票没有卖出去 The publicity material sent out by the company stressed their concern for the environment 这个公司散发的宣传材料强调了他们对环境的关心 public a.公众的,大众的,公用的,公共的n.公众,民众 publicly adv.公开地,公然地;以公众名义地,由公众所同意地 publicize vt.引起公众对的注意,引人注意;宣传 publication n 2. cultivate vt 1). develop and improve培养,陶冶,发展 At this school we aim to cultivate the minds of all the children we teach 在这所学校里,我们旨在陶冶学生的心灵。 She seems to spend her life trying to cultivate her career 她的一生似乎都在成就其事业 2) prepare and use(land,soi,etc.) for growing crops耕种,耕作 Most of the land there is too poor to cultivate 那里的大部分土地太贫瘠,无法耕种 cultivation n.耕种;栽培,教化,促进:养殖: cultivator n.耕种者,培养者:开拓者,研究者 cultⅳ vated a.耕种的,种植的;栽培过的,有教养的,优雅的 cultivable= cultivatable a.可耕种的,可培养的,可启发的,可栽培的 3. comprehensive a that includes(nearly) everything综合的,全面的,广泛的 a comprehensive test综合测试 She has a comprehensive grasp of the subject.她对该问题有全面的理解 a guide book giving comprehensive information on the area 本提供了该地区综合信息的导游书 * Compare: comprehensible a. easy to understand能理解的;易了解的 The book is written in clear, comprehensible language.这本书写得明了易懂。 comprehendⅵt.领悟,理解;了解;包含,包括 comprehension n.领悟理解;包含,包括 4. controversial a causing disagreement or discussion有争议的,引起争议的 a controversial TV program有争议的电视节目 a controversial new law有争议的新法律 He is a controversial person.他是一个很有争议的人。 He wrote a very controversial book but I think he's since regretted it.他写了一本很有 争议的书,但我想他随后就后悔了 controversy n.争论,辩驳;争议,争吵 2
2 1). [U] public notice or attention 公众的注意；名声 The film actress's marriage got a lot of publicity. 这位女电影演员的婚姻引起了公众的极大关注。 seek/avoid publicity 追求/避免公众注意 2). [U] (business of) providing information in order to attract public attention; advertising（商 业）广告，宣传，宣扬 The concert wasn't given much advance publicity, so many tickets remained unsold. 音乐会事 先没有做很多宣传，所以许多票没有卖出去。 The publicity material sent out by the company stressed their concern for the environment. 这个公司散发的宣传材料强调了他们对环境的关心。 public a. 公众的，大众的，公用的，公共的 n. 公众，民众 publicly adv. 公开地，公然地；以公众名义地，由公众所同意地 publicize vt. 引起公众对…的注意，引人注意；宣传 publish v. publication n. 2. cultivate vt. 1). develop and improve 培养，陶冶，发展 At this school we aim to cultivate the minds of all the children we teach. 在这所学校里，我们旨在陶冶学生的心灵。 She seems to spend her life trying to cultivate her career. 她的一生似乎都在成就其事业。 2). prepare and use (land, soil, etc.) for growing crops 耕种,耕作 Most of the land there is too poor to cultivate. 那里的大部分土地太贫瘠，无法耕种。 cultivation n. 耕种；栽培，教化，促进；养殖； cultivator n. 耕种者，培养者；开拓者，研究者 cultivated a. 耕种的，种植的；栽培过的，有教养的，优雅的 cultivable=cultivatable a. 可耕种的，可培养的，可启发的，可栽培的 3. comprehensive a. that includes (nearly) everything 综合的，全面的，广泛的 a comprehensive test 综合测试 She has a comprehensive grasp of the subject. 她对该问题有全面的理解。 a guide book giving comprehensive information on the area 一本提供了该地区综合信息的导游书 *Compare: comprehensible a. easy to understand 能理解的；易了解的 The book is written in clear, comprehensible language. 这本书写得明了易懂。 comprehend vt. 领悟,理解；了解；包含,包括 comprehension n. 领悟,理解；包含,包括 4. controversial a. causing disagreement or discussion 有争议的，引起争议的 a controversial TV program 有争议的电视节目 a controversial new law 有争议的新法律 He is a controversial person. 他是一个很有争议的人。 He wrote a very controversial book but I think he's since regretted it. 他写了一本很有 争议的书，但我想他随后就后悔了。 controversy n. 争论，辩驳；争议，争吵
1). stop or cause to be not active暂停,中止 The shipping service has been suspended because of bad weather因为天气恶劣,船运服务 被暂停了 Both governments are refusing to suspend hostilities 两国政府都拒绝停止敌对行动 2) hang sth.up悬挂 It was very uncomfortable lying on the hospital bed with my legs suspended in the air 躺在病床上,双腿吊挂的滋味可真不好受 3). send sb away from his/her school, job, position, etc for a period of time, usu. as a punishment for doing sth. bad He was suspended from school.他被开除离校。 She was suspended from her job shortly after the incident.事故发生后不久,她就被开除 suspension n.暂停,中止;悬挂,吊 6. preliminary a. coming before or preparing for a more important action or event预备的,初 步的 a preliminary meeting预备会议 In preliminary discussions, American officials rejected the requests在初步讨论中,美国 官员拒绝了这些要求 n.(usu.pl)sth. done first, to introduce or prepare for later things初步做法,淮备工作 几句开场白后,我们陈述了主要观点。 There are a lot of preliminaries to be gone through before you can visit certain foreign countries在访问某些国家之前,你有许多准备工作要做。 7. magn n有强大吸引力的人或物 This disco is a magnet for young people这种迪斯科舞厅对青年人很有吸引力。 The United States has always acted as a magnet to people seeking fame and fortune.美国像磁 铁一样吸引着寻求名利的人 ).磁铁,磁体 A magnet attracts nails磁铁能吸铁钉。 He picked all the needles up with a magnet他用磁铁捡起了所有的针 1) change sth. in order to make it better改革,改进,改良 reform the examination system改革考试制度 You have to reform the management of the company.你得改革公司的管理制度 2)(cause to) behave better or fit into society better He's done wrong in the past but he has made serious efforts to reform.他过去做了错事,但现 在在努力改过自新 Our prisons aim to reform criminals, not simply to punish them.我们的监狱旨在改造罪犯 而不仅仅是惩罚他们。 n. changes in sth. in order to make it better改革,改造 a major reform to the system对这一制度的重大改革
3 5. suspend vt. 1). stop or cause to be not active 暂停，中止 The shipping service has been suspended because of bad weather.因为天气恶劣，船运服务 被暂停了。 Both governments are refusing to suspend hostilities. 两国政府都拒绝停止敌对行动。 2). hang sth. up 悬挂 It was very uncomfortable lying on the hospital bed with my legs suspended in the air. 躺在病床上，双腿吊挂的滋味可真不好受。 3). send sb. away from his/her school, job, position, etc. for a period of time, usu. as a punishment for doing sth. bad He was suspended from school. 他被开除离校。 She was suspended from her job shortly after the incident. 事故发生后不久，她就被开除 了。 suspension n. 暂停，中止; 悬挂，吊 6. preliminary a. coming before or preparing for a more important action or event 预备的，初 步的 a preliminary meeting 预备会议 In preliminary discussions, American officials rejected the requests. 在初步讨论中，美国 官员拒绝了这些要求。 n. (usu. pl.) sth. done first, to introduce or prepare for later things 初步做法，准备工作 After a few polite preliminaries, we stated our main ideas. 几句开场白后，我们陈述了主要观点。 There are a lot of preliminaries to be gone through before you can visit certain foreign countries.在访问某些国家之前，你有许多准备工作要做。 7. magnet n. 1). [C] a person or thing that has a powerful attraction 有强大吸引力的人或物 This disco is a magnet for young people.这种迪斯科舞厅对青年人很有吸引力。 The United States has always acted as a magnet to people seeking fame and fortune. 美国像磁 铁一样吸引着寻求名利的人。 2). 磁铁，磁体 A magnet attracts nails.磁铁能吸铁钉。 He picked all the needles up with a magnet.他用磁铁捡起了所有的针。 8. reform v. 1) change sth. in order to make it better 改革，改进，改良 reform the examination system 改革考试制度 You have to reform the management of the company. 你得改革公司的管理制度。 2) (cause to) behave better or fit into society better He's done wrong in the past but he has made serious efforts to reform. 他过去做了错事，但现 在在努力改过自新。 Our prisons aim to reform criminals, not simply to punish them. 我们的监狱旨在改造罪犯， 而不仅仅是惩罚他们。 n. changes in sth. in order to make it better 改革，改造 a major reform to the system 对这一制度的重大改革
political reform in Eastern Europe东欧的政治改革 项改革政策 ).[ U] entering or being allowed to enter a building, society, school,etc.允许进入,准 许加入 to ties depends 英国大学的录取依 考试成绩而定。 Admission to the exhibition will be by invitation only 只有持邀请函者才可进入展览会 2).[C, U]admitting承认,供认 I felt he would see my giving up as an admission that I was wrong我觉得他会认为我 放弃是承认自己错了。 They made admission that their newspaper had been fooling the public他们承认自己 的报纸一直在愚弄公众 Compare: admittance n (fml being allowed to enter a place(esp. a private one); the right to enter入场(权),入场许可 The journalist tried to gain admittance to the minister' s office.记者力争获得进入部长 办公室的权利。 No admittance.禁止入内。 10. workshop n 1).[C] an occasion when a group of people meet to discuss a subject研讨会,讲习班 Dancers who attend the workshops find them very helpful 参加研讨会的舞蹈演员们觉得很有帮助 She runs a theatre workshop.她举办了一个戏剧研讨班 2). [C] a room or building where things are made or repaired with machines or tools [ a] 工场,作坊 A workshop was built on his estate他的庄园里建了一个工场。 Please tidy up the workshop when work is over.工作结束后,请整理车间。 11. utmost n. U] the greatest or most extreme degree or point极限,最大限度 Our endurance was tested to the utmost我们的忍耐力受到了最大限度的考验 the greatest, the most possible最大的,极度的 I need to speak to you on a matter of utmost importance 我需要和你谈一件极为重要的事情。 His giving up has put us in a position of the utmost difficulty 他的放弃已经把我们置于一个极度困难的境地。 1).(usually with the article"the") teaching staff of a school, or a university or a colleg department( used with either a singular or a plural verb)全体教员 The faculty has/have been invited to the meeting.全体教职工都受邀参加该会议 2). one department in a university, college,etc.系学院 the Faculty of Law法律系 the Faculty of Social and Political Sciences社会政治科学系 3). one of the natural abilities of a person's body or mind能力,才能,资质
4 political reform in Eastern Europe 东欧的政治改革 a reform policy 一项改革政策 9. admission n. 1). [U] entering or being allowed to enter a building, society, school, etc.允许进入，准 许加入 Admission to British universities depends on examination results.英国大学的录取依 考试成绩而定。 Admission to the exhibition will be by invitation only. 只有持邀请函者才可进入展览会。 2). [C, U] admitting 承认，供认 I felt he would see my giving up as an admission that I was wrong.我觉得他会认为我 放弃是承认自己错了。 They made admission that their newspaper had been fooling the public.他们承认自己 的报纸一直在愚弄公众。 *Compare: admittance n. (fml.) being allowed to enter a place (esp. a private one); the right to enter 入场（权），入场许可 The journalist tried to gain admittance to the minister’s office. 记者力争获得进入部长 办公室的权利。 No admittance. 禁止入内。 admit v. 10. workshop n. 1). [C] an occasion when a group of people meet to discuss a subject 研讨会，讲习班 Dancers who attend the workshops find them very helpful. 参加研讨会的舞蹈演员们觉得很有帮助。 She runs a theatre workshop.她举办了一个戏剧研讨班。 2). [C] a room or building where things are made or repaired with machines or tools 车间， 工场，作坊 A workshop was built on his estate.他的庄园里建了一个工场。 Please tidy up the workshop when work is over.工作结束后，请整理车间。 11. utmost n. [U] the greatest or most extreme degree or point 极限，最大限度 Our endurance was tested to the utmost.我们的忍耐力受到了最大限度的考验。 a. the greatest; the most possible 最大的，极度的 I need to speak to you on a matter of utmost importance. 我需要和你谈一件极为重要的事情。 His giving up has put us in a position of the utmost difficulty. 他的放弃已经把我们置于一个极度困难的境地。 12. faculty n. 1). (usually with the article “the”) teaching staff of a school, or a university or a college department (used with either a singular or a plural verb) 全体教员 The faculty has/have been invited to the meeting. 全体教职工都受邀参加该会议。 2). one department in a university, college, etc. 系,学院 the Faculty of Law 法律系 the Faculty of Social and Political Sciences 社会政治科学系 3). one of the natural abilities of a person's body or mind 能力，才能，资质
the faculty of hearing听力 视力 13. curse v. say a word or expression which is not polite and shows that one is very angry with sb. or sth.诅咒,咒骂 I could curse her for losing my key!她弄丢了我的钥匙,我真想骂她! He missed the ball and cursed violently.他没有接住球,便破口咒骂。 n.[C] an impolite word or words used to express anger诅咒,咒骂 She gave a couple of curses and then got up again 她诅咒了两句,然后又站了起来。 With a curse, she picked up the papers from the ground 她咒骂了一声,从地上捡起报纸。 Phrases and expressions 1. see sb. or sth.as: consider sb. or sth to be认为某人或某物是 Her classmates see her as a future President 她的同学们把她看作是未来的总统。 Do you see the new leader as the hope of the party 你认为新领导人是党的希望? 2. prepare sb. for sth: make sb. ready for sth.使做好准备 The doctor prepared my mother for her operation 医生使我母亲做好接受手术的准备。 Prepare yourselves for a surprise when you go into the room 你们走进这个房间时,要做好大吃一惊的准备。 3. spread(sth.)to:( cause to) reach sb. or sth.else(使)传播 Firemen succeeded in preventing the fire from spreading to other office buildings. yi 防队员成功地防止了火势蔓延到其他办公楼 We have been asked to spread the news to all our friends.有人请我们把消息告诉所 有的朋友。 If you allow the child to attend school he could spread the bad cold to all the other children.如果你让孩子上学,他可能将重感冒传染给其他孩子 4. spend sth. on sth/(in) doing sth.: use time or money for a purpose在,上花费时间或金钱 The government has been charged with spending too much on the sports buildings.政府被指 控建造这些体育场馆的费用过高 This student seems to have spent too much effort on this piece of writing 这个学生似乎在这篇文章上花的工夫太大了 You've spent the whole afternoon in digging one small flower garden! 你翻一个小花园的地竟花了一个下午的时间! He's spent most of his life working for the same company 他一生的大部分时间都在同一家公司里工作 5. Character First idea: the idea that character comes first 6. be scheduled to do: be arranged to do被安排,定于 The train was scheduled to arrive at10:30.火车定于10点半到达 The plane is scheduled to take off at 5 pm.飞机定于下午5点起飞 7.eye:vt. look at sb. or sth. closely注视,观看,审视 lany people are eyeing the progress of the new project.许多人在关注着这一新项目的进展
5 the faculty of hearing 听力 the faculty of sight 视力 13. curse v. say a word or expression which is not polite and shows that one is very angry with sb. or sth.诅咒，咒骂 I could curse her for losing my key! 她弄丢了我的钥匙，我真想骂她！ He missed the ball and cursed violently. 他没有接住球，便破口咒骂。 n. [C] an impolite word or words used to express anger 诅咒，咒骂 She gave a couple of curses and then got up again. 她诅咒了两句，然后又站了起来。 With a curse, she picked up the papers from the ground. 她咒骂了一声，从地上捡起报纸。 Phrases and expressions 1. see sb. or sth. as: consider sb. or sth. to be 认为某人或某物是…… Her classmates see her as a future President. 她的同学们把她看作是未来的总统。 Do you see the new leader as the hope of the party? 你认为新领导人是党的希望？ 2. prepare sb. for sth.: make sb. ready for sth. 使做好准备 The doctor prepared my mother for her operation. 医生使我母亲做好接受手术的准备。 Prepare yourselves for a surprise when you go into the room. 你们走进这个房间时，要做好大吃一惊的准备。 3. spread (sth.) to: (cause to) reach sb. or sth. else（使）传播 Firemen succeeded in preventing the fire from spreading to other office buildings. 消 防队员成功地防止了火势蔓延到其他办公楼。 We have been asked to spread the news to all our friends. 有人请我们把消息告诉所 有的朋友。 If you allow the child to attend school he could spread the bad cold to all the other children. 如果你让孩子上学，他可能将重感冒传染给其他孩子。 4. spend sth. on sth./ (in) doing sth. : use time or money for a purpose 在…上花费时间或金钱 The government has been charged with spending too much on the sports buildings. 政府被指 控建造这些体育场馆的费用过高。 This student seems to have spent too much effort on this piece of writing. 这个学生似乎在这篇文章上花的工夫太大了。 You've spent the whole afternoon in digging one small flower garden! 你翻一个小花园的地竟花了一个下午的时间！ He's spent most of his life working for the same company. 他一生的大部分时间都在同一家公司里工作。 5. Character First idea: the idea that character comes first 6. be scheduled to do: be arranged to do 被安排，定于 The train was scheduled to arrive at 10:30. 火车定于 10 点半到达。 The plane is scheduled to take off at 5 pm. 飞机定于下午 5 点起飞。 7. eye: vt. look at sb. or sth. closely 注视，观看，审视 Many people are eyeing the progress of the new project. 许多人在关注着这一新项目的进展