Unit 6 Section a I. Background Knowledge The Great Hanshin Earthquake Disaster At 5: 46: 51 AM, on January 17, 1995, a magnitude 7. 2 earthquake occurred around Kobe City in Japan. The earthquake magnitude was defined by the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) The earthquake was named "the 1995 South Hyogo Prefecture Earthquake"(or the 1995 Hyogoken Nanbu Earthquake) by JMA. It was also referred to as"the Great Hanshin Earthquake Disaster"by the Japanese government II. Text analy The essay focuses on one central theme; earthquake prediction, (paral) prevention( para2) nd preparation(para3--6) One characteristic writing technique that runs throughout the writing is a general statement supported by details Para. 1 Ideally, people would like to know when an earthquake is going to happen and how bad it will be Para 2; This part deals with how to prevent the great destruction of property caused Topic sentence: People would also like to be able to prevent the great destruction of property caused by earthquakes Para3--6 This part is about how people need to prepare themselves for the possibility of a great earthquake Topic: People in areas where earthquakes are common need to prepare for the possibility of a great Para 7, This part serves as a conclusion: even if prediction becomes possible in the future, people still have to do their best to prevent disasters by improving building structures and III. Language Points 1.观察某物以获取 /小心等待 to watch sth for./to watch for (L 4) 他一直在等待着恰当的时机来表达对她的爱慕之情。 He has been watching for the right moment to express his feeling of love for her 2.爬出…/有∷结果 to come out of (L 6) 你的好心自然会有好报 ood reward will certainly come out of your good intention 3.据报道说以异常的方式做某事 to be reported to do sth in unusual patterns (. 9) 据报道说他们在以不寻常的方式庆祝胜利。 They are reported to be celebrating their victory in unusual patterns
Unit 6 Section A I. Background Knowledge The Great Hanshin Earthquake Disaster: At 5:46:51 AM, on January 17, 1995, a magnitude 7.2 earthquake occurred around Kobe City in Japan. The earthquake magnitude was defined by the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA). The earthquake was named “the 1995 South Hyogo Prefecture Earthquake” (or the 1995 Hyogoken Nanbu Earthquake) by JMA. It was also referred to as “the Great Hanshin Earthquake Disaster” by the Japanese government. II. Text Analysis The essay focuses on one central theme; earthquake prediction,(para1) prevention(para2) and preparation(para3--6). One characteristic writing technique that runs throughout the writing is a general statement supported by details. Para. 1 Ideally, people would like to know when an earthquake is going to happen and how bad it will be. Para 2;This part deals with how to prevent the great destruction of property caused by earthquakes? Topic sentence：People would also like to be able to prevent the great destruction of property caused by earthquakes. Para3--6This part is about how people need to prepare themselves for the possibility of a great earthquake. Topic：People in areas where earthquakes are common need to prepare for the possibility of a great earthquake. Para 7;This part serves as a conclusion: even if prediction becomes possible in the future, people still have to do their best to prevent disasters by improving building structures and by being personally prepared. III. Language Points 1. 观察某物以获取······ / 小心等待 to watch sth. for… / to watch for (L. 4) 他一直在等待着恰当的时机来表达对她的爱慕之情。 He has been watching for the right moment to express his feeling of love for her. 2.爬出······ / 有······ 结果 to come out of (L. 6) 你的好心自然会有好报。 Good reward will certainly come out of your good intention. 3. 据报道说以异常的方式做某事 to be reported to do sth. in unusual patterns (L. 9) 据报道说他们在以不寻常的方式庆祝胜利。 They are reported to be celebrating their victory in unusual patterns
4.抵御地震的力量 to withstand the power of earthquakes (L. 18) 经受不住艰难困苦考验的友谊不可能长久 Any friendship that can t withstand the trial of hardships is not likely to last long 5是关注的重点 to be a major concern(L. 18) 怎样防止非典的卷土重来 resurgence)是公众关注的重点之一。 How to prevent the resurgence of sARS is one of the major concerns among the public 6.把某物插入……中/中间 to insert sth in/into/between (L. 26) 麦氏公司( Maxwell house)在一家报纸上曾刊登了一则广告:滴滴香浓,意犹未尽。 The Maxwell House inserted in a newspaper an advertisement: Good to the last drop 7.将某物包入/装入… to enclose sth. in 他随信附上了一张生日贺卡,上面写着贺词——愿这小小的卡片化作朵朵白云,捎去我无尽 的祝福 Enclosed in his letter was a birthday card, on which was a message -Turn my little card into white clouds that take my endless blessings to you 8.为…的可能性作好防备 to prepare for the possibility of ..(L. 30) 大学生活的目的就是使我们为未来可能出现的挑战做好准备 活学活用 The purpose of college life is to prepare us for the possibility of future challenges 9.把某物附加在/依附于 to attach sth to..(L 31) 她深深眷恋着与他共享过的美好时光 She is fondly attached to the good old days she shared with him 10.使水饮用安全 to make water safe to drink(L. 37) 对我们来说,重要的是如何使我们的校园生活过得有意义、有成效。 What matters to us is how to make our campus life meaningful and fruitful 11.手边备有某物 to keep sth. handy(L. 41) 同样重要的是,采取什么措施才能使我们的青少年远离毒品 Also important is what measures to take to keep our teenagers far away from drugs 12.扑灭/生产/投资/发挥 to put out (L. 42) 他演讲结束时呼吁大学生在大学学习期间发挥出全部的主观能动性 ech ended in an appeal to college students to put out all their subjective initiative during the course of college studies 13.就…取得一致意见 to agree on (L. 49) 不同的人对人生有不同的解释,很难取得一致的看法 Different people attach different meanings to life, on which it is hard for them to agree
4. 抵御地震的力量 to withstand the power of earthquakes (L. 18) 经受不住艰难困苦考验的友谊不可能长久。 Any friendship that can’t withstand the trial of hardships is not likely to last long. 5.是关注的重点 to be a major concern (L. 18) 怎样防止非典的卷土重来(resurgence)是公众关注的重点之一。 How to prevent the resurgence of SARS is one of the major concerns among the public. 6. 把某物插入 ……中／中间 to insert sth. in / into / between (L. 26) 麦氏公司(Maxwell House)在一家报纸上曾刊登了一则广告：滴滴香浓，意犹未尽。 The Maxwell House inserted in a newspaper an advertisement : Good to the last drop. 7. 将某物包入／装入······ to enclose sth. in … (L. 28) 他随信附上了一张生日贺卡，上面写着贺词——愿这小小的卡片化作朵朵白云,捎去我无尽 的祝福。 Enclosed in his letter was a birthday card, on which was a message —Turn my little card into white clouds that take my endless blessings to you. 8. 为······的可能性作好防备 to prepare for the possibility of … (L. 30) 大学生活的目的就是使我们为未来可能出现的挑战做好准备。 活学活用 The purpose of college life is to prepare us for the possibility of future challenges. 9. 把某物附加在 / 依附于 ······ 之上 to attach sth. to … (L. 31) 她深深眷恋着与他共享过的美好时光。 She is fondly attached to the good old days she shared with him. 10. 使水饮用安全 to make water safe to drink (L. 37) 对我们来说，重要的是如何使我们的校园生活过得有意义、有成效。 What matters to us is how to make our campus life meaningful and fruitful. 11. 手边备有某物 to keep sth. handy (L. 41) 同样重要的是,采取什么措施才能使我们的青少年远离毒品。 Also important is what measures to take to keep our teenagers far away from drugs. 12. 扑灭 / 生产／投资 ／发挥 to put out (L. 42) 他演讲结束时呼吁大学生在大学学习期间发挥出全部的主观能动性。 His speech ended in an appeal to college students to put out all their subjective initiative during the course of college studies. 13. 就······取得一致意见 to agree on (L. 49) 不同的人对人生有不同的解释，很难取得一致的看法。 Different people attach different meanings to life, on which it is hard for them to agree
14.忙于做某事 to be busy with/doing sth. (L 53) 贪官一旦被提拔到更高的职位,就会忙于滥用职权 Once promoted to a higher position, a corrupt official will be busy abusing his power 15.登记/报到 to check in(L. 56) 他昨晚在这个旅馆用假名登记住宿但今早他又结帐离开了。 He checked in at this hotel under a false name last night but this morning he checked out 16.对∴了解甚多 to learn a great deal about(L. 58) 通过这本书,你可以了解许多有关非洲的风土人情 With this book, you can learn a great deal about the conditions and customs of Africa 17.精确预测地震 to predict earthquakes with accuracy(L. 61) 卫星系统可以帮助人类非常精确地绘制地图 The satellite system can help man draw maps with great 有抵抗力/抵制力 to be resistant to..(L. 63) 使自己远离疾病的最好途径是通过锻炼身体增强对疾病的抵抗力。 The best way of keeping yourself far away from diseases is to build up your resistance to them by exercising 19.在……方面/使…大不一样 to make a great difference in /to..(L. 65) 对我们来说,生男生女都一样 It makes no difference to us whether the baby is a girl or a boy 20.关于如何做某事的教育 education concerning how to do sth (L. 65) 关于环境保护的法规仍不完善 The laws and regulations concerning the environmental protection are still far from perfect RRA]: After all, most of the people who die in earthquakes are killed by falling buildings Therefore, building structures that can withstand the power of earthquakes is a major concern. (L III. Expressions Patterns 1. Typical patterns for reasoning After all…‘(理由) Therefore,… "is a major concern/ emphasis.(观点) 要知道/毕竟,…所以 是关注的重点 要知道,多数在地震中丧生的人都是被倒塌的建筑物砸死的。所以,建造具有抗震能力的楼 房结构成为关注的重点 应用:a要知道,我们仍然是一个发展中国家。所以,如何使我们的国民经济保持可持续 发展将是关注的重点。 After all, we are still a developing country. Therefore, how to keep our economic development sustainable will be a major concern 应用:b.要知道,未来社会更看重具备综合素质的人才。所以,对大学生的全面教育应是 大学改革的重点所在
14. 忙于做某事 to be busy with / doing sth. (L. 53) 贪官一旦被提拔到更高的职位,就会忙于滥用职权。 Once promoted to a higher position, a corrupt official will be busy abusing his power. 15. 登记 / 报到 to check in (L. 56) 他昨晚在这个旅馆用假名登记住宿但今早他又结帐离开了。 He checked in at this hotel under a false name last night but this morning he checked out. 16. 对······了解甚多 to learn a great deal about (L. 58) 通过这本书，你可以了解许多有关非洲的风土人情。 With this book, you can learn a great deal about the conditions and customs of Africa. 17. 精确预测地震 to predict earthquakes with accuracy (L. 61) 卫星系统可以帮助人类非常精确地绘制地图。 The satellite system can help man draw maps with great accuracy. 18. 对······有抵抗力 / 抵制力 to be resistant to… (L. 63) 使自己远离疾病的最好途径是通过锻炼身体增强对疾病的抵抗力。 The best way of keeping yourself far away from diseases is to build up your resistance to them by exercising. 19. 在······方面 ／使······大不一样 to make a great difference in / to… (L. 65) 对我们来说，生男生女都一样。 It makes no difference to us whether the baby is a girl or a boy. 20. 关于如何做某事的教育 education concerning how to do sth. (L. 65) 关于环境保护的法规仍不完善。 The laws and regulations concerning the environmental protection are still far from perfect. 原句: After all, most of the people who die in earthquakes are killed by falling buildings. Therefore, building structures that can withstand the power of earthquakes is a major concern. (L. 15) III. Expressions & Patterns 1. Typical patterns for reasoning After all, …(理由) Therefore, …is a major concern / emphasis. (观点) 要知道／毕竟，······ 所以，······是关注的重点。 要知道，多数在地震中丧生的人都是被倒塌的建筑物砸死的。所以，建造具有抗震能力的楼 房结构成为关注的重点。 应用： a. 要知道，我们仍然是一个发展中国家。所以，如何使我们的国民经济保持可持续 发展将是关注的重点。 After all, we are still a developing country. Therefore, how to keep our economic development sustainable will be a major concern. 应用： b. 要知道，未来社会更看重具备综合素质的人才。所以，对大学生的全面教育应是 大学改革的重点所在
After all, the future society will attach more weight to those with comprehensive qualities Therefore, carrying out all-round education on students should be a major emphasis for the college eforms 2)Sth./Sb. seems to…, but not if…某人/物似乎 但如果…就不 原句 Steel seems to be the best material, but not if it is welded to form a rigid structure. ( L. 19) 钢似乎是最佳的建材,但一旦被焊接成僵硬的结构就不行了。 应用:a.因特网似乎是人类所知的最好的信息源,但如果遭到电脑病毒的大规模袭击就不 行了。 The Internet seems to be the best information source ever known to man, but not if it is subjected to a large-scale attack of computer viruses 应用:b.容貌似乎是她在演艺界成功的关键但如果她缺乏内在素质就不行了。 Good looks seem to be the key to her success in the show business, but not if she lacks genuine core FRG: Besides working to improve building structures, people in areas where earthquakes are common need to prepare for the possibility of a great earthquake. (L. 29) 2. Typical patterns for further suggestion 1)Besides/In addition to/Apart from working/seeking to..., sb. needs 除了设法∷外,某人也/还需要∷ 除了设法改善建筑结构外,地震频发区的人们也需要为可能发生的大地震做好防备工作 应用:a.除了设法提高自己的文化水平外,一个大学生还需要提高自己的道德修养 Besides seeking to improve his her intellectual level, a college student needs to refine his /her moral taste 应用:b.除了设法改革课程结构外,校方还需最大限度地丰富校园生活 Besides seeking to reform the structures of courses, the university needs to enrich the campus life to the fullest RA]: lt is also important to have something that can clean water and kill bacteria, so water from other sources can be made safe to drink. (L 36 Ill. Expressions Patterns 2) It is also important(orsb.) to do sth,so…( clause)做某事(对某人)也很重要,这样 储备一些可以净化水和消灭病菌的东西也很重要,这样就可以安全饮用其他来源的水了。 应用:a.培养一种高尚的情操对一个人也是很重要的,这样就可以使其生活脱离低级趣味 It is also important for a person to cultivate a noble sentiment, so his /her life can be kept fre from bad taste 应用:b.了解目标语的文化背景也是很重要的这样就可以大大加快你语言学习的速度。 It is also important to know the cultural background of the target language, so your language learning can be greatly accelerated 1): Perhaps most interesting, and most easily measured, is a chemical change in ground water before a quake(. 10) 3. Typical patterns for emphasis Perhaps most/Particularly adj /PP, and most adj /PP, is 也许最/尤其…也最 也许最有趣、也最容易测量的,是地震前地下水发生的化学变化
After all, the future society will attach more weight to those with comprehensive qualities. Therefore, carrying out all-round education on students should be a major emphasis for the college reforms. 2) Sth. / Sb. seems to…, but not if … 某人 ／ 物似乎······, 但如果······就不······ 原句: Steel seems to be the best material, but not if it is welded to form a rigid structure. (L. 19) 钢似乎是最佳的建材,但一旦被焊接成僵硬的结构就不行了。 应用：a. 因特网似乎是人类所知的最好的信息源，但如果遭到电脑病毒的大规模袭击就不 行了。 The Internet seems to be the best information source ever known to man, but not if it is subjected to a large-scale attack of computer viruses. 应用：b. 容貌似乎是她在演艺界成功的关键,但如果她缺乏内在素质就不行了。 Good looks seem to be the key to her success in the show business, but not if she lacks genuine core. 原句:Besides working to improve building structures, people in areas where earthquakes are common need to prepare for the possibility of a great earthquake. (L. 29) 2. Typical patterns for further suggestion 1) Besides / In addition to / Apart from working / seeking to…, sb. needs to… 除了设法······外, 某人也 / 还需要······ 除了设法改善建筑结构外，地震频发区的人们也需要为可能发生的大地震做好防备工作。 应用：a. 除了设法提高自己的文化水平外，一个大学生还需要提高自己的道德修养。 Besides seeking to improve his / her intellectual level, a college student needs to refine his / her moral taste. 应用：b. 除了设法改革课程结构外，校方还需最大限度地丰富校园生活。 Besides seeking to reform the structures of courses, the university needs to enrich the campus life to the fullest. 原句:It is also important to have something that can clean water and kill bacteria, so water from other sources can be made safe to drink. (L. 36) III. Expressions & Patterns 2) It is also important (for sb.) to do sth., so …(clause) 做某事(对某人)也很重要，这样······ 储备一些可以净化水和消灭病菌的东西也很重要，这样就可以安全饮用其他来源的水了。 Back 应用：a. 培养一种高尚的情操对一个人也是很重要的，这样就可以使其生活脱离低级趣味。 It is also important for a person to cultivate a noble sentiment, so his / her life can be kept free from bad taste. 应用：b. 了解目标语的文化背景也是很重要的,这样就可以大大加快你语言学习的速度。 It is also important to know the cultural background of the target language, so your language learning can be greatly accelerated. 1):Perhaps most interesting, and most easily measured, is a chemical change in ground water before a quake. (L. 10) 3. Typical patterns for emphasis Perhaps most / Particularly + adj. / PP, and most + adj. / PP, is… 也许最／尤其······、 也最······的，是······ 也许最有趣、也最容易测量的，是地震前地下水发生的化学变化
应用:a.也许最难能可贵、也最令人钦佩的,是他出污泥而不染的品质 Perhaps most remarkable, and most admirable, is his virtue of remaining honest in spite of general corruption. 应用:b.尤其令人神往,也最令人难忘的,是这里的美景给我们的心灵所带来的震撼。 Particularly fascinating, and most unforgettable, is the extent to which the beautiful scenery here has shocked our souls 原句 2)Also important is an arrangement for family members to communicate if there is an earthquake (L.50) Also+adj( for sb.)is…(if/when…) (对某人来讲)同样…的是 句型提炼 同样重要的是安排好家人地震时的联络方式 应用:a.目前对政府来讲同样紧迫的是如何广开就业门路 Also pressing for the government at present is how to open all available channels for employment 应用:b.对于家长同样要紧的是教会孩子在遇到危险的时候如何保护自己 V. Writing Writing (原因分析类) 1.简述某一事物的变化情况 2.说明引起变化的原因 3.分析其影响或走向 Changes in great Natural disasters Worldwide 写作模式(原因分析类) 1)As can be seen from the graph /table /diagram, there have been drastic /considerable/ unfavorable changes in…(议论的主题) over the past period from_to_2) To be concrete, only…in_(year)whie/ whereas the ratio(s) went up to…in_(year)(变化概述)3) These changes are most disturbing so it is necessary for us to go into the whys and wherefores of them ( Para. 1) 4) Some changes, such as . result from . but many others have much to do with. .5)In the first place, mans excessive exploitation of has done a lasting damage to…; only to…(原因分析I)6)…(进一步说明)7) In the second, in order to…, man has had to overwork…, which in turn has accelerated…(原因分析I)8) In the third,man’ s blind application of… has caused permanent changes in…(原因分析Ⅲ)9) Among these changes are…,(进一步说明)Para2)10) The list of causes could go on but they are already enough to indicate that these changes are producing more and more negative effects on the world. 11)These changes not only…; but also…(分析)12) If allowed to run its course, I fimly believe/Iam afraid, this trend will certainly bring more harm/threats to our society /life. ('h it a)(Para. 3) The Changes in Great Natural Disasters Worldwide 1.简述所给图表中的变化 2.说明引起变化的主要原因。 3.分析这些变化对全球的影响 1)As can be seen from the graph, there have been rapid changes in the great natural disasters
应用：a. 也许最难能可贵、也最令人钦佩的，是他出污泥而不染的品质。 Perhaps most remarkable, and most admirable, is his virtue of remaining honest in spite of general corruption. 应用：b. 尤其令人神往，也最令人难忘的，是这里的美景给我们的心灵所带来的震撼。 Particularly fascinating, and most unforgettable, is the extent to which the beautiful scenery here has shocked our souls. 原句: 2)Also important is an arrangement for family members to communicate if there is an earthquake. (L. 50) Also ＋ adj. (for sb.) is …(if / when…) (对某人来讲)同样······的是······ 句型提炼 同样重要的是安排好家人地震时的联络方式。 应用：a. 目前对政府来讲同样紧迫的是如何广开就业门路。 Also pressing for the government at present is how to open all available channels for employment. 应用：b. 对于家长同样要紧的是教会孩子在遇到危险的时候如何保护自己。 IV. Wtriting Writing （原因分析类） The Changes in Something 1. 简述某一事物的变化情况 2. 说明引起变化的原因 3. 分析其影响或走向 Changes in Great Natural Disasters Worldwide 写作模式（原因分析类） 1) As can be seen from the graph / table / diagram, there have been drastic / considerable / unfavorable changes in …(议论的主题)over the past period from __ to __. 2) To be concrete, … only… in __(year) while / whereas the ratio(s) went up to…in __ (year).(变化概述) 3) These changes are most disturbing, so it is necessary for us to go into the whys and wherefores of them first. (Para. 1) 4) Some changes, such as …, result from …, but many others have much to do with … 5) In the first place, man’s excessive exploitation of … has done a lasting damage to …, only to … (原因分析I)6) … (进一步说明) 7) In the second, in order to …, man has had to overwork …, which in turn has accelerated … (原因分析 II) 8) In the third, man’s blind application of … has caused permanent changes in …(原因分析 III) 9) Among these changes are ... (进一步说明)(Para. 2)10) The list of causes could go on, but they are already enough to indicate that these changes are producing more and more negative effects on the world. 11) These changes not only …, but also…(分析) 12) If allowed to run its course, I firmly believe / I am afraid, this trend will certainly bring more harm / threats to our society / life.(结论句) (Para. 3) The Changes in Great Natural Disasters Worldwide 1. 简述所给图表中的变化。 2. 说明引起变化的主要原因。 3. 分析这些变化对全球的影响。 1) As can be seen from the graph, there have been rapid changes in the great natural disasters