Unit 5 Section A Weeping for My Smoking Daughter I. Background Information 1. Camel is the brand name of a kind of cigarette. The University of lowa Department of Communication Studies conducted a study that explores the R. J. Reynolds Advertising Campaigns for Camel Cigarettes and their early use of the cartoon character, "Joe Cool Camel"to attract young people. It includes some discussion of the court case that resulted in this character being thrown out and replaced by an ordinary camel 2. Both Marlboro and Players are brand names of cigarettes manufactured by Philips Morris The company's website provides an overview of the company, its products and its marketing policies, and discusses various tobacco issues such as health, youth smoking and environment 3. Prince Albert(1819-1861) was the husband of Queen Victoria of Great Britain. This is also the name of a kind of British tobacco 4. Queen Victoria(1819-1901)was queen of Great Britain and Ireland(1837-1901)and empress of India. Her rule was the longest in English history 5. Holly wood is the center of the U.S. movie industry. In terms of geography, Hollywood refers to an area consisting of the City of West Hollywood and its vicinity that form part of the Greater Los Angeles metropolitan area II. Text Analysis Main ldea and structure: 1). What is the text mainly about? When seeing her daughter smoke heavily, the author as a mother can do nothing but weep Her weeping is attributed to a bitter lesson she learned from her painful experiences with he fathers smoking. Through years she had to sit by, seeing her father breathe hard at first, then cough a lot, and eventually die from lung trouble. So she feels deeply hurt to watch many people like her daughter following in her fathers steps. She hopes her fathers fate will be a lesson to all 2). How is the text organized? The author narrates to the reader the stories of her daughter and her father in first person, which makes the narration more vivid and convincing. The whole passage consists of three parts: the authors worries about her daughters smoking; the author's painful experiences with her father's smoking; and the authors earnest appeal to the smokers like her daughter to give up smoking. During her narration, time sequence is adopted to make it clear and smooth. Besides, the device of cause and effect is used to help people have a strong feeling of the harm smoking Organization of the text Part I (Para. 1)The author feels terrible and wants to weep when seeing her daughter smoke Part II(Paras. 2-5)Hooked by the illusion about smoking, the authors father, like many other people, got into the bad habit of smoking, only to die from it Part Ill Paras. (6-8)Feeling extremely sorry for her daughter and those in Third world countries
1 Unit 5 Section A Weeping for My Smoking Daughter I. Background Information 1. Camel is the brand name of a kind of cigarette. The University of Iowa Department of Communication Studies conducted a study that explores the R. J. Reynolds Advertising Campaigns for Camel Cigarettes and their early use of the cartoon character, “Joe Cool Camel” to attract young people. It includes some discussion of the court case that resulted in this character being thrown out and replaced by an ordinary camel. 2. Both Marlboro and Players are brand names of cigarettes manufactured by Philips Morris. The company’s website provides an overview of the company, its products and its marketing policies, and discusses various tobacco issues such as health, youth smoking and environment. 3. Prince Albert (1819–1861) was the husband of Queen Victoria of Great Britain. This is also the name of a kind of British tobacco. 4. Queen Victoria (1819–1901) was queen of Great Britain and Ireland (1837–1901) and empress of India. Her rule was the longest in English history. 5. Hollywood is the center of the U.S. movie industry. In terms of geography, Hollywood refers to an area consisting of the City of West Hollywood and its vicinity that form part of the Greater Los Angeles metropolitan area. II. Text Analysis: Main Idea and Structure: 1).What is the text mainly about? When seeing her daughter smoke heavily, the author as a mother can do nothing but weep. Her weeping is attributed to a bitter lesson she learned from her painful experiences with her father’s smoking. Through years she had to sit by, seeing her father breathe hard at first, then cough a lot, and eventually die from lung trouble. So she feels deeply hurt to watch many people like her daughter following in her father’s steps. She hopes her father’s fate will be a lesson to all. 2).How is the text organized? The author narrates to the reader the stories of her daughter and her father in first person, which makes the narration more vivid and convincing. The whole passage consists of three parts: the author’s worries about her daughter’s smoking; the author’s painful experiences with her father’s smoking; and the author’s earnest appeal to the smokers like her daughter to give up smoking. During her narration, time sequence is adopted to make it clear and smooth. Besides, the device of cause and effect is used to help people have a strong feeling of the harm smoking does. Organization of the text: Part I (Para. 1) The author feels terrible and wants to weep when seeing her daughter smoke. Part II (Paras. 2-5) Hooked by the illusion about smoking, the author’s father, like many other people, got into the bad habit of smoking, only to die from it. Part III Paras. (6-8) Feeling extremely sorry for her daughter and those in Third World countries
who also drag away like chimneys, the author appeals to all people to give up smoking Based on what she saw and read, how much she cherished life and how helplessly she watched her father kill himself, the author finally appeals to all people to keep away from tobacco and value their lives Text structure analysis and devices for developing it Part 1.( Para. 1)Authors anxiety about her daughters smoking Devices for developing it: Description(描述法) The author gives a vivid description of both what she sees in her daughters room and how she feels when seeing her daughter smoke Details: (1 )What the author sees: While her daughter is doing her homework,.. the half-empty package of Camels tossed carelessly close at hand (2) How the author feels: My heart feels terrible; I want to weep; I do weep a little: that could cause my daughters death; I hardened myself against Part Il (Paras. 2-5)Author's bitter experience with her fathers smoking Devices for developing it: Time sequence(时间顺序法)& Time sequence(时间顺序法) Time sequence By following the time sequence, the author tells the reader how her father became the victim of smoking Details: (1)When he was young, he smoked Prince Albert tobacco and later Camels( Para. 2) (2)By late forties and early fifties, the tobacco industry and Hollywood smoking heroe won over her father.(Para. 3) (3)When she was sixteen, her father coughed a lot and could not climb stairs without resting. (Para. 4) (4 )One hard winter, her father died from"the poor mans friend, pneumonia. (Para. 5) Cause and effect To show why she feels terrible and above all to warn her daughter and the reader of the harm smoking does, the author employed cause-and-effect technique Typical descriptions of cause and effect(Paras. 3-5 The cause:.when he was young, he smoked Prince Albert tobacco in cigarettes he rolled himself. By the late forties,.. the tobacco industry won over him,... with a white cigarette stuck in his mouth ( Paras. 2-3) The effect:,., his breath was a wheeze, embarrassing to hear; he could not climb stairs without resting. It was not unusual for him to cough for an hour. He died from"the poor man's friend, pneumonia, when his lung illness had left him low Part Ill. Paras6-8 )Author's heart-felt appeal to all people Devices for developing it: Quotation- cIting(引言法) To enhance the power of her appeal to all the families to prevent themselves from suffering the same tragedy as her family did and cherish their peaceful life, in this part the author cites Details:(1)" Peace on earth begins at home. (2)“ Every home is a no smoking zone.” III. Language Points 1. to weep for /over/ about(it)为…哭泣叹息
2 who also drag away like chimneys, the author appeals to all people to give up smoking. Based on what she saw and read, how much she cherished life and how helplessly she watched her father kill himself, the author finally appeals to all people to keep away from tobacco and value their lives. Text structure analysis and devices for developing it Part 1. ( Para.1) Author’s anxiety about her daughter’s smoking Devices for developing it: Description (描述法) The author gives a vivid description of both what she sees in her daughter’s room and how she feels when seeing her daughter smoke: Details: (1.)What the author sees: While her daughter is doing her homework, … the half-empty package of Camels tossed carelessly close at hand… (2.) How the author feels: My heart feels terrible; I want to weep; I do weep a little; that could cause my daughter’s death; I hardened myself against… Part II. (Paras.2-5) Author’s bitter experience with her father’s smoking Devices for developing it: Time sequence (时间顺序法) & Time sequence (时间顺序法) Time sequence By following the time sequence, the author tells the reader how her father became the victim of smoking. Details: (1) When he was young, he smoked Prince Albert tobacco and later Camels (Para. 2) (2) By late forties and early fifties, the tobacco industry and Hollywood smoking heroes won over her father. (Para. 3) (3) When she was sixteen, her father coughed a lot and could not climb stairs without resting. (Para. 4) (4) One hard winter, her father died from “the poor man’s friend”, pneumonia. (Para. 5) Cause and Effect To show why she feels terrible and above all to warn her daughter and the reader of the harm smoking does, the author employed cause-and-effect technique. Typical descriptions of cause and effect (Paras. 3 - 5) The cause: …when he was young, he smoked Prince Albert tobacco in cigarettes he rolled himself. By the late forties, … the tobacco industry won over him, … with a white cigarette stuck in his mouth. (Paras. 2 - 3) The effect: …, his breath was a wheeze, embarrassing to hear; he could not climb stairs without resting. It was not unusual for him to cough for an hour. He died from “the poor man’s friend”, pneumonia, when his lung illness had left him low. … (Paras. 4 - 5) Part III. ( Paras.6-8 ) Author’s heart-felt appeal to all people Devices for developing it: Quotation-citing (引言法) To enhance the power of her appeal to all the families to prevent themselves from suffering the same tragedy as her family did and cherish their peaceful life, in this part the author cites direct quotations: Details: (1) “ Peace on earth begins at home.” (2) “Every home is a no smoking zone.” III. Language Points: 1. to weep for /over / about (title) 为······哭泣/叹息
The optimistic never weep over their failure or misfortune. Instead, they hold a positive attitude towards anything in life 乐观的人从不为自己的失败或厄运而哀叹,而是以积极的态度对待生活中的一切。 2. close at hand(L3)在跟前;在眼前 People often have their view of the important overshadowed by what is close at hand. A] 常因一叶障目而不见泰山 3. to harden oneself against doing sth.(L.7)硬着心不做 The heroic mother hardened herself against feeling deep sorrow and sent her beloved son to the battlefront.英雄的母亲强忍悲痛,将自己的爱子送上前线 4 to be dressed in(L13)穿着 On Children's Day, the pupils, dressed in their holiday best, flocked to the People's Square for the celebration 六一”儿童节这一天,小学生们身着节日盛装,成群结队涌入人民广场参加庆祝活 5. to couple with.(L17)把……与……联系在一起 Good natural environment, coupled with convenient water transportation, makes the area a hot spot for investment 良好的自然环境,加上便利的水上交通运输使这个地区成为投资的热点 6. to win over(L20)把…争取过来;战胜 After hours of heated debate, we eventually won the other side over to our point of view. 经过数小时的激烈辩论,我们最终还是说服对方接受了我们的观点 7. to be hooked by sth.(L21)对……上瘾;迷恋…… Unable to control themselves, some teenagers get hooked by online games.由于缺乏自控 能力,一些青少年迷恋于网上游戏 8. to be stuck in/with(L25)陷入;无法摆脱 Once stuck in the whirlpool of love, you will find it hard to stick to your studies as before 旦卷入爱情的旋涡,你就很难像以前那样专心于学业 9. not to do sth without doing sth else(L28)没有做……就不可能 You have no right to speak without making any investigation 没有调查,就没有发言权 10. to leave sb.low(L.32)使…虚弱不堪 Overworking day and night left him low 夜以继日地超负荷工作使他极度虚弱。 ll. to direct at/ against(L39)针对;旨在引起注意 The bills directed against Chinese human rights conditions have been voted down again and again.屡次针对中国人权状况的议案都一一被否决 12. to drag away(L.40)连续不断地抽烟 Whenever stuck in trouble, he normally drags away so as to remove his annoyance. iy 遇到麻烦,他往往是一根接一根地抽烟,以藉此消愁 13. to go to(L42)给予;有助于;求助于 When your dignity suffers any insult, the best course of action is go to law for help. %R 的人格受到侮辱时,最好的办法是诉诸于法律。 14. to feel a deep hurt(L47)深感痛苦 His failure to live up to his parents'expectations left him with a feeling of deep hurt 因辜负父母的期望而给他留下了深深的痛苦
3 The optimistic never weep over their failure or misfortune. Instead, they hold a positive attitude towards anything in life. 乐观的人从不为自己的失败或厄运而哀叹，而是以积极的态度对待生活中的一切。 2. close at hand (L. 3) 在跟前；在眼前 People often have their view of the important overshadowed by what is close at hand. 人们 常因一叶障目而不见泰山。 3. to harden oneself against doing sth. (L. 7) 硬着心不做······ The heroic mother hardened herself against feeling deep sorrow and sent her beloved son to the battlefront. 英雄的母亲强忍悲痛，将自己的爱子送上前线。 4. to be dressed in (L. 13) 穿着 On Children’s Day, the pupils, dressed in their holiday best, flocked to the People’s Square for the celebration. “六一”儿童节这一天，小学生们身着节日盛装，成群结队涌入人民广场参加庆祝活动。 5. to couple with. (L. 17) 把······与······联系在一起 Good natural environment, coupled with convenient water transportation, makes the area a hot spot for investment. 良好的自然环境，加上便利的水上交通运输使这个地区成为投资的热点。 6. to win over (L. 20) 把······争取过来；战胜 After hours of heated debate, we eventually won the other side over to our point of view. 经过数小时的激烈辩论，我们最终还是说服对方接受了我们的观点。 7. to be hooked by sth. (L. 21) 对······上瘾；迷恋······ Unable to control themselves, some teenagers get hooked by online games . 由于缺乏自控 能力，一些青少年迷恋于网上游戏。 8. to be stuck in / with (L. 25) 陷入；无法摆脱 Once stuck in the whirlpool of love, you will find it hard to stick to your studies as before. 一旦卷入爱情的旋涡，你就很难像以前那样专心于学业。 9. not to do sth without doing sth else (L.28) 没有做······就不可能······ You have no right to speak without making any investigation. 没有调查，就没有发言权。 10. to leave sb. low (L.32) 使······虚弱不堪 Overworking day and night left him low. 夜以继日地超负荷工作使他极度虚弱。 11. to direct at / against (L. 39) 针对；旨在引起注意 The bills directed against Chinese human rights conditions have been voted down again and again. 屡次针对中国人权状况的议案都一一被否决。 12. to drag away (L. 40) 连续不断地抽烟 Whenever stuck in trouble, he normally drags away so as to remove his annoyance. 每当 遇到麻烦，他往往是一根接一根地抽烟，以藉此消愁。 13. to go to (L. 42) 给予; 有助于；求助于 When your dignity suffers any insult , the best course of action is go to law for help. 当你 的人格受到侮辱时，最好的办法是诉诸于法律。 14. to feel a deep hurt (L. 47) 深感痛苦 His failure to live up to his parents’ expectations left him with a feeling of deep hurt. 因辜负父母的期望而给他留下了深深的痛苦
15. to sit by(L56袖手旁观;守护照料 If you sit by while others' lives are being endangered, you will live with a guilty 如果你在他人的生命受到威胁时袖手旁观,你将会愧疚 VI Paragraph Writing How to Succeed in Doing something 通过举例说明如何才能成功地做某事,从而使你的说明更具说服力 写作模式(举例说明) 1)It seems impossible for anyone to succeed in doing something unless he she is serious enough about it to succeed. 2)For example, sb. made one fruitless attempt after another all those years to do something until he had a heart-felt need to do so. 3)At first,..4)That attempt made an impression, but.. 5)Then, he was on his way to trying again 6 All his quest, however, turned out to be in vain despite all the. he spent on it. 7)And finally he realized that his success in anything, including., depended basically on internal factors. 8) Now he has succeeded in. as confirmed in his quotation How to Succeed in Quitting Smoking 通过举例说明如何才能成功地戒烟,从而使你的说明更具说服力。 How to Succeed in Quitting Smoking 1)It seems impossible for anyone to succeed in quitting the habit of smoking unless he /she s serious enough about it to succeed. 2)For example, John Hermann made one fruitless attempt after another all those years to kick the habit until he had a heart-felt need to do so. 3)At first he attended seminars whose purpose was to convince him that smoking was a form of self-battering. 4)That attempt made an impression, but he stopped for only two months. 5) Then, he was on his way to trying again -paying people to send him into sleep therapy, stick needles in his ears, and even treat him with electroshocks. 6) All his quest, however, turned out to be in vain despite all the time and money he spent on it. 7) And finally he realized that his success in anything, including habit-breaking, depended basically on internal factors. &)Now he has succeeded in breaking with the bad habit, as confirmed in his quotation "All those years I was looking for the magic things, as I call them. But there's no magic out there Until a person figures that out, he'l never succeed V. Reading Skills: Understanding Figurative Language There are many different ways of using figurative language. Listed here are just a few of them: Look at the following examples taken from Reading Passage. a) Similes(明喻,直喻,. These are figurative expressions which directly compare one thing to another by using the words as or like. Look at the following example taken from Reading Passage The tobacco industry, coupled with Hollywood movies in which both male and female heroes smoked like chimneys.(Para. 3, Reading Passage A, Unit 5) In this sentence, ".smoked like chimney"means". smoked heavily and continuously", but the comparison between the two makes the idea clearer and more imaginative b)Metaphors( m, in which comparisons are only implied or: suggested, without using as
4 15. to sit by (L. 56)袖手旁观；守护照料 If you sit by while others’ lives are being endangered, you will live with a guilty . 如果你在他人的生命受到威胁时袖手旁观, 你将会愧疚。 VI. Paragraph Writing How to Succeed in Doing Something 通过举例说明如何才能成功地做某事，从而使你的说明更具说服力。 写作模式（举例说明） 1) It seems impossible for anyone to succeed in doing something unless he / she is serious enough about it to succeed. 2) For example, sb. made one fruitless attempt after another all those years to do something until he had a heart-felt need to do so. 3) At first, …. 4) That attempt made an impression, but …. 5) Then, he was on his way to trying again — …. 6) All his quest, however, turned out to be in vain despite all the … he spent on it. 7) And finally he realized that his success in anything, including …, depended basically on internal factors. 8) Now he has succeeded in …, as confirmed in his quotation “…” How to Succeed in Quitting Smoking 通过举例说明如何才能成功地戒烟，从而使你的说明更具说服力。 How to Succeed in Quitting Smoking 1) It seems impossible for anyone to succeed in quitting the habit of smoking unless he / she is serious enough about it to succeed. 2) For example, John Hermann made one fruitless attempt after another all those years to kick the habit until he had a heart-felt need to do so. 3) At first, he attended seminars whose purpose was to convince him that smoking was a form of self-battering. 4) That attempt made an impression, but he stopped for only two months. 5) Then, he was on his way to trying again — paying people to send him into sleep therapy, stick needles in his ears, and even treat him with electroshocks. 6) All his quest, however, turned out to be in vain despite all the time and money he spent on it. 7) And finally he realized that his success in anything, including habit-breaking, depended basically on internal factors. 8) Now he has succeeded in breaking with the bad habit, as confirmed in his quotation “All those years I was looking for the magic things, as I call them. But there’s no magic out there. Until a person figures that out, he’ll never succeed.” V. Reading Skills: Understanding Figurative Language There are many different ways of using figurative language. Listed here are just a few of them: (Look at the following examples taken from Reading Passage.) a) Similes (明喻, 直喻). These are figurative expressions which directly compare one thing to another by using the words as or like. Look at the following example taken from Reading Passage A: The tobacco industry, coupled with Hollywood movies in which both male and female heroes smoked like chimneys ... (Para. 3, Reading Passage A, Unit 5) In this sentence, “... smoked like chimney” means “... smoked heavily and continuously”, but the comparison between the two makes the idea clearer and more imaginative. b) Metaphors (暗喻), in which comparisons are only implied or: suggested, without using as
like and the like. Take another example from Reading Passage A The tobacco industry . completely won over people like my father, who were hopelessly hooked by cigarettes.( Para. 3, Reading Passage A, Unit 5) In this sentence, the idea of people relying on smoking is expressed as that of people being hooked by cigarettes. Hook' is commonly used in relation to fishing and just as fish are hooked and cannot get away so are cigarette smokers. This implied, parallel image makes the thought more striking and powerful c)Personification aA), figurative expressions which compare non-human things to humans For exampl My father died from"the poor man's friend, pneumonia, one hard winter when his lung illnesses had left him low.(Para. 5, Reading Passage A, Unit 5) In this sentence, pneumonia, a disease often visited upon poor people, is compared to"the poor mans friend"and we can feel the power of language easily Section b . Language points 1. spoil:(Para. 1 )v 1). harm the character of(esp. a child) by lack of strictness or too much generosity, attention, praise,etc.(尤指对孩子)溺爱,宠坏 The little girl is terribly spoiled; her parents give her everything she asks for Peters, unable for once to do exactly as he wanted, lost his temper just like a spoiled child .2) destroy the value, quality or pleasure of,ruin使无用,损坏,破坏 I havent seen the film, so dont spoil it for me by telling me what happens The bad news has spoiled my day. 辨析 InJure,harm,hurt, spoil InJure表示对外貌、健康造成伤害。如: She was badly injured in an accident.ham与hurt主 要指那些带来痛苦、悲伤、损失或损害的,如: Gypsy moths harm foliage.(蛾对叶子有害。) My feelings are hurt spoil是损坏和彻底摧毁价值、优点和力量,表示无可挽回的损坏, 如: a spoiled child,又如: Worrying about business spoiled our evening 2. assign: (Para. 1)w 1 ). send to a particular place, name sb. for a task or position iRe, faiRE They' ve assigned their best man to the job I've been assigned to interview the children 12). give sth.tosb. as a share of work to be done or of things to be used分配,分派 The two large classrooms have been assigned to us We ll have to assign a role to our new trainee 3 pack sth. with sb. or sth: fill or crowd sth.( with sb./sth)(Para1)塞进,挤进 This book is packed with useful information The hall was packed with local fans 4. make a point: state a point(Para2)提出论点 He's just made an interesting point. You made an original point in your speech 5. tendency:(Para2)n1) way a person or thing is likely to be or behave趋向,倾向2) direction for sth. to happen趋势 His tendency to speak loud is well known
5 like and the like. Take another example from Reading Passage A: The tobacco industry ... completely won over people like my father, who were hopelessly hooked by cigarettes. (Para.3, Reading Passage A, Unit 5) In this sentence, the idea of people relying on smoking is expressed as that of people being hooked by cigarettes. ‘Hook’ is commonly used in relation to fishing and just as fish are hooked and cannot get away so are cigarette smokers. This implied, parallel image makes the thought more striking and powerful. c) Personification (拟人), figurative expressions which compare non-human things to humans. For example: My father died from “the poor man’s friend,” pneumonia, one hard winter when his lung illnesses had left him low. (Para. 5, Reading Passage A, Unit 5) In this sentence, pneumonia, a disease often visited upon poor people, is compared to “the poor man’s friend” and we can feel the power of language easily. Section B I. Language points 1. spoil: (Para.1 ) v. 1). harm the character of (esp. a child) by lack of strictness or too much generosity, attention, praise, etc. （尤指对孩子）溺爱，宠坏 The little girl is terribly spoiled; her parents give her everything she asks for. Peters, unable for once to do exactly as he wanted, lost his temper just like a spoiled child. v. 2). destroy the value, quality or pleasure of; ruin 使无用，损坏，破坏 I haven’t seen the film, so don’t spoil it for me by telling me what happens. The bad news has spoiled my day. 辨析 injure, harm, hurt, spoil injure 表示对外貌、健康造成伤害。如：She was badly injured in an accident. harm 与 hurt 主 要指那些带来痛苦、悲伤、损失或损害的，如：Gypsy moths harm foliage. (蛾对叶子有害。) My feelings are hurt. spoil 是损坏和彻底摧毁价值、优点和力量，表示无可挽回的损坏， 如：a spoiled child, 又如：Worrying about business spoiled our evening. 2. assign: (Para.1) v. 1). send to a particular place; name sb. for a task or position 派, 指派 They’ve assigned their best man to the job. I’ve been assigned to interview the children. v. 2). give sth. to sb. as a share of work to be done or of things to be used 分配，分派 The two large classrooms have been assigned to us. We’ll have to assign a role to our new trainee. 3.pack sth. with sb. or sth.: fill or crowd sth. (with sb. / sth.) (Para.1 ) 塞进，挤进 This book is packed with useful information. The hall was packed with local fans. 4. make a point: state a point ( Para.2) 提出论点 He’s just made an interesting point. You made an original point in your speech. 5. tendency: (Para.2 ) n. 1). way a person or thing is likely to be or behave 趋向，倾向 2). direction for sth. to happen 趋势 His tendency to speak loud is well known