Unit 7 Section a I Background information the author of the book from Stress to strength how to lighten your load and Save your Life. You can read a short discussion on his book at the web site given http:/hwww.watchtowerorg/libranv/g/1998/3/22/articleO1.htm 2. The University of Nebraska: The university(1869)has four campuses. Its main campus is located in Lincoln, whe colleges of arts and sciences, agriculture, education, architecture, engineering, and technology, administration, home economics, journalism, and law are housed. Its Omaha campus has courses leading to bachelor's and masters degrees. The University of Nebraska's medical center has colleges of medicine, nursing, dentistry, and pharmacy. Consult the web site givenhttp:/hwww.uneb.eduifyouhaveaninterest 3. Benjamin(Ben) Frank a very famous American of the 1700,s best known for his experiments with electricity and natureusingkitesHavealookatthewebsitegivenhttp://www.ushistonyorgfranklin/for more information about him 4.S visitthewebsiteathttphwvstresstop.com/poductdescriptions/prmduct4ifyouare nterested in the problem of stress II. Text Analysis: Main idea and devices for developing it Main idea of the text Stress is a state of tension that results from one's response to the demands and pressures caused by work, family and other external sources, as well as those that are internally generated from self-imposed demands, obligations and self-criticism. Stress is both additive and cumulative. It dds up over time until a state of crisis is reached and symptoms appear. It often manifests itself in irritability, anxiety, impaired concentration, mental confusion, poor judgment, frustration and anger as psychological symptoms. It also shows such physical symptoms as muscle tension, headaches, low back pain, insomnia and high blood pressure Stress comes in all forms and affects persons of all ages and from all walks of life. No external standards can be applied to predict stress levels in individuals. The degree of stress in our lives highly dependent upon individual factors such as our physical health, the quality of our interpersonal relationships, the number of commitments and responsibilities we carry, the degree of others' dependence upon and expectations of us, the amount of support we receive from others, and the number of changes or traumatic events that have recently occurred in our lives. On the part of students, more often than not they suffer from depression triggered by exam pressures How is the text organized The passage is broadly put into four parts: the threat of stress to one's health; how it affects one's heart; the causes of the stress; and the steps to cope with the stress. The passage as a whole is developed through the techniques of cause-and-effect and quotation. In the first two parts, the
Unit 7 Section A I. Background information： 1．Dr. Robert S. Eliot: the author of the book: From Stress to Strength: How to Lighten Your Load and Save Your Life. You can read a short discussion on his book at the web site given: http://www.watchtower.org/library/g/1998/3/22/article_01.htm. 2. The University of Nebraska: The university (1869) has four campuses. Its main campus is located in Lincoln, where colleges of arts and sciences, agriculture, education, architecture, engineering, and technology, business administration, home economics, journalism, and law are housed. Its Omaha campus has courses leading to bachelor’s and master’s degrees. The University of Nebraska’s medical center has colleges of medicine, nursing, dentistry, and pharmacy. Consult the web site given:http://www.uneb.edu if you have an interest. 3. Benjamin (Ben) Franklin: a very famous American of the 1700’s best known for his experiments with electricity and nature, using kites. Have a look at the website given: http://www.ushistory.org/franklin/ for more information about him. 4. Stress: visit the website at http://www.stresstop.com/product_descriptions/product4 if you are interested in the problem of stress. II. Text Analysis: Main idea and devices for developing it Main idea of the text Stress is a state of tension that results from one’s response to the demands and pressures caused by work, family and other external sources, as well as those that are internally generated from self-imposed demands, obligations and self-criticism. Stress is both additive and cumulative. It adds up over time until a state of crisis is reached and symptoms appear. It often manifests itself in irritability, anxiety, impaired concentration, mental confusion, poor judgment, frustration and anger as psychological symptoms. It also shows such physical symptoms as muscle tension, headaches, low back pain, insomnia and high blood pressure. Stress comes in all forms and affects persons of all ages and from all walks of life. No external standards can be applied to predict stress levels in individuals. The degree of stress in our lives is highly dependent upon individual factors such as our physical health, the quality of our interpersonal relationships, the number of commitments and responsibilities we carry, the degree of others’ dependence upon and expectations of us, the amount of support we receive from others, and the number of changes or traumatic events that have recently occurred in our lives. On the part of students, more often than not they suffer from depression triggered by exam pressures. How is the text organized? The passage is broadly put into four parts: the threat of stress to one’s health; how it affects one’s heart; the causes of the stress; and the steps to cope with the stress. The passage as a whole is developed through the techniques of cause-and-effect and quotation. In the first two parts, the
threat of stress is revealed through indirect quotation and a sort of chain of causes and effects. In the second two parts, the major causes of and steps against stress are explored through question-asking, direct and indirect quotation, and illustration Main idea of each part and devices for developing it Part I(paras. 1-3): Main idea: Stress, once spinning out control, will threaten your life So if you dont want it to affect your you need to take charge of your life and recognize the limit of your ability Devices for developing it: Indirect quotation(间接引言法)- The author quotes directly from Dr. Robert S. Eliot to present the argument that stress in life will threaten people's life Example 1: Para. 1: If you often feel angry and overwhelmed, like the stress in your life is spinning out of control, then you may be hurting your heart Chinese:如果你常常生气、心烦意乱、情绪激动,好像你生活中的压力正在快速 加剧并变得失去控制,那么你可能是在损害你的心脏了 Example 2: Para. 2: If you don t want to break your own heart, you need to learn to take charge of your life where you can -and recognize there are many things beyond your control Chinese:假如你不想损害你自己的心脏,你就需要努力学会控制自己的生活一并 且要承认有许多东西你是无法控制的 Part Il (paras. 4-6: Main idea: The research finds that stressed people have higher cholesterol levels, which is because excess stress can burst heart muscle fibers and then cause crazy heart rhythms, thus making it impossible for one to live Devices for developing it: Chainlike cause-and- effect(式因果关系分析法) Typical example: Para. 5: The argument: Stress leads to death The first cause excess alarm or stress chemicals The first effect: That bursts heart muscle fibers. (This is also the second ause in the chain. The second effect: It creates many short circuits, and that causes crazy heart rhythms. This is also the third cause in the chain. The third effect: The heart beats like a bag of worms instead of a pump, and we cant live Part Ill(paras. 7-11 ): Main idea: There are many factors leading to stress but the main predictors of destructive levels of stress are the FUD factors Devices for developing it: Direct Quotation(直接引言法) Example:(Paras. 8-11)The topic: The root of many people's stress is anger Direct Quotations: 1. " Does the anger come from a feeling that everything 2. "Thats very common in professional women. They feel they have to be all things to all people and do it al 3. Others are angry because they have no compass in life. "(Paras. 10 4. What happens is that the hotter people get, physiologically, with menta Part IV(paras. 12-20): Main idea: To cope with stress in life, people need to take charge of the life and recognize some parts of their life beyond their control and learn to flow
threat of stress is revealed through indirect quotation and a sort of chain of causes and effects. In the second two parts, the major causes of and steps against stress are explored through question-asking, direct and indirect quotation, and illustration. Main idea of each part and devices for developing it Part I (paras. 1-3): Main idea: Stress, once spinning out of your control, will threaten your life. So if you don’t want it to affect your health, you need to take charge of your life and recognize the limit of your ability. Devices for developing it: Indirect quotation (间接引言法)-- The author quotes indirectly from Dr. Robert S. Eliot to present the argument that stress in life will threaten people’s life: Example 1: Para. 1: If you often feel angry and overwhelmed, like the stress in your life is spinning out of control, then you may be hurting your heart. Chinese: 如果你常常生气、心烦意乱、情绪激动，好像你生活中的压力正在快速 加剧并变得失去控制，那么你可能是在损害你的心脏了。 Example 2:Para. 2: If you don’t want to break your own heart, you need to learn to take charge of your life where you can — and recognize there are many things beyond your control. Chinese: 假如你不想损害你自己的心脏，你就需要努力学会控制自己的生活—并 且要承认有许多东西你是无法控制的。 Part II (paras. 4-6): Main idea: The research finds that stressed people have higher cholesterol levels, which is because excess stress can burst heart muscle fibers and then cause crazy heart rhythms, thus making it impossible for one to live. Devices for developing it: Chainlike cause-and-effect (链式因果关系分析法) Typical example: Para. 5: The argument: Stress leads to death. The first cause: excess alarm or stress chemicals The first effect: That bursts heart muscle fibers. (This is also the second cause in the chain.) The second effect: It creates many short circuits, and that causes crazy heart rhythms.( This is also the third cause in the chain.) The third effect: The heart beats like a bag of worms instead of a pump, and we can’t live. Part III (paras. 7-11): Main idea: There are many factors leading to stress but the main predictors of destructive levels of stress are the FUD factors. Devices for developing it: Direct Quotation (直接引言法) Example: (Paras. 8-11) The topic: The root of many people’s stress is anger. Direct Quotations: 1. “Does the anger come from a feeling that everything must be perfect?” (Para. 8) 2. “That’s very common in professional women. They feel they have to be all things to all people and do it all perfectly…” (Para. 9) 3. “Others are angry because they have no compass in life…” (Paras. 10) 4. “What happens is that the hotter people get, physiologically, with mental stress, …” (Paras. 11) Part IV (paras. 12-20): Main idea: To cope with stress in life, people need to take charge of the life and recognize some parts of their life beyond their control and learn to flow
ices for developing it: Exemplification(举例法)& Quotation(引言法) Example: The author takes Ben Franklin as a typical example to offer some suggestio Just as Eliot suggests, Ben Franklin wrote down the most important things in The author adopts quotations from Eliot to present his own viewpoints. To achieve this purpose, the following expressions are used “ Eliot recommends doing sth./that…”," He suggests that…./ doing sth” Eliot says(that) and"From Eliot s viewpoint III. Language points l. to feel/ be overwhelmed(with…):陷入……,沉浸于……;被……征服 e.g The whole nation was overwhelmed with excitement and joy when Beijing succeeded in bidding for hosting the 2008 Olympic Games 当北京成功地获得了2008年奥运会主办权时,举国上下都沉浸在激动和喜悦之中。 2. to spin out of control:快速加剧而失去控制 e.g At the critical moment, the government took effective measures to prevent the infectious disease from spinning out of control 危机关头,政府采取了有效措施,阻止了这种传染病的迅速加剧而失去控制。 3. beyond one's control:失控 e.g In realistic life, we must keep our minds so prepared for things beyond our control as to cope efficiently with them later on 现实生活中,我们必须为那些不可控制的事件做好准备,以便随后能有效地应对。 4 to lighten one's load:减轻压力(负担) e.g The core of the issues concerning agriculture, countryside and farmers is to lighten the farmers' load and increase their income 三农”问题的核心就是要减轻农民负担,提高农民收入 5. among other things:除其它……之外 e.g It goes without saying that a peaceful and stable environment, among other things, proves to be of vital importance for China 不言而喻,除其他因素之外,一个和平稳定的环境对中国至关重要 6. to attribute .. to.. E 归因于 e.g Some people wrongly attribute success to good luck, but the truth is that hard work is the key to 些人把成功错误地归因于运气,但事实是:刻苦努力是成功的关键。 7. on the exterior:表面上 e.g. On the exterior this building is grand and magnificent, reflecting the typical styles of European architecture arts 从外表看,这座建筑物雄伟壮观,集中体现了欧洲建筑艺术风格。 8. on the interior:本质上,内在地 e.g On the exterior, she is timid and weak-willed; but on the interior she has a rather strong mind and never yields to any difficulties
Devices for developing it: Exemplification (举例法) & Quotation (引言法) Example: The author takes Ben Franklin as a typical example to offer some suggestions: Just as Eliot suggests, Ben Franklin wrote down the most important things in his life like being a better father, being a better husband ... The author adopts quotations from Eliot to present his own viewpoints. To achieve this purpose, the following expressions are used: “Eliot recommends doing sth. / that …”, “He suggests that … / doing sth.”, “Eliot says (that) …”, and “From Eliot’s viewpoint, … ” III. Language points Expressions 1. to feel / be overwhelmed (with …): 陷入······，沉浸于······; 被······征服 e.g. The whole nation was overwhelmed with excitement and joy when Beijing succeeded in bidding for hosting the 2008 Olympic Games. 当北京成功地获得了 2008 年奥运会主办权时，举国上下都沉浸在激动和喜悦之中。 2. to spin out of control: 快速加剧而失去控制 e.g. At the critical moment, the government took effective measures to prevent the infectious disease from spinning out of control. 危机关头，政府采取了有效措施，阻止了这种传染病的迅速加剧而失去控制。 3. beyond one’s control: 失控 e.g. In realistic life, we must keep our minds so prepared for things beyond our control as to cope efficiently with them later on. 现实生活中，我们必须为那些不可控制的事件做好准备，以便随后能有效地应对。 4. to lighten one’s load: 减轻压力（负担） e.g. The core of the issues concerning agriculture, countryside and farmers is to lighten the farmers’ load and increase their income. “三农” 问题的核心就是要减轻农民负担，提高农民收入。 5. among other things: 除其它······之外 e.g. It goes without saying that a peaceful and stable environment, among other things, proves to be of vital importance for China. 不言而喻，除其他因素之外，一个和平稳定的环境对中国至关重要。 6. to attribute … to …: 把 ······ 归因于 ······ e.g. Some people wrongly attribute success to good luck, but the truth is that hard work is the key to success. 一些人把成功错误地归因于运气，但事实是：刻苦努力是成功的关键。 7. on the exterior: 表面上 e.g. On the exterior, this building is grand and magnificent, reflecting the typical styles of European architecture arts. 从外表看，这座建筑物雄伟壮观，集中体现了欧洲建筑艺术风格。 8. on the interior: 本质上，内在地 e.g. On the exterior, she is timid and weak-willed; but on the interior, she has a rather strong mind and never yields to any difficulties
她貌似怯弱,但内心却十分坚强,在困难面前从不屈服。 9. the root of 的根源 e.g a great dam has been built up so as to eliminate the root of flood, which used to endanger ne people along the river 座大坝已经建立起来,从而彻底根除了过去威胁着沿岸人民安全的洪水。 10. to be all things:十全十美 e.g As is opposite to the reality, some parents expect their children to be all things, thus urging them to learn this and that as well as their lessons 一些家长不切合实际地希望自己的孩子十全十美,因此除了功课之外,逼迫他们学这 学那。 11. to blow one'stop:大发雷霆 e.g The coach pinned high hopes on his team; so when it suffered a complete defeat in the 教练对自己的球队寄予厚望,因而当球队在比赛中被打得一败涂地时,他大发雷霆。 12. to have no compass in life:生活没有方向 e.g If ambition is likened to the navigation mark for one's life, living without ambition is just the same as having no compass in life 如果把理想比做人生的航标,那么,无所追求的生活就如同生活没有方向 13. to give emphasis to…:看重/强调 e.g In the course of childrens growth we should give as much emphasis to the cultivation of their love for others as to their intellectual development 在孩子的成长过程中,我们应把对孩子的爱心培养和智力发展看得同等重要 to own anger:生气 e.g. He is so broad-minded that he never owns anger even when suffering wrong 心胸非常豁达,即使他受了委屈,也从来不生气。 15. to stir in one' s own Juice:受煎熬 e.g When their favorite team met its Waterloo and lost the hope of making it into the finals the devoted fans were stirring in their own juice as if it were the end of the world 当自己最喜爱的球队兵败麦城从而无望打入决赛时,这些忠实的球迷在痛苦中煎熬 仿佛天都要塌下来了。 16. to blow apart with sth:因……而跨下来 e.g The company, which once achieved a roaring success, is now about to blow apart with the lack of money and efficient management 这家公司曾经获得巨大成功,可是由于缺乏资金和有效管理,现在行将跨塌。 17. on one' s trail:在路上 e.g So long as you go ahead steadily and proceed step by step on your trail to the pyramid of success, you are bound to reach its peak. 在通往成功的金字塔的道路上,只要你稳扎稳打,一步一个台阶,你就一定能登上顶 峰 18. to cut sth. down to.…:降低到 e.g Thanks to the efficient and proper treatment after the accident, the damage was cut down to the minimum level 由于有效的善后处理工作,事故造成的损失降到了最低限度 19. to set one' s priorities:·确定优先做的事情
她貌似怯弱，但内心却十分坚强，在困难面前从不屈服。 9. the root of ...: ······的根源 e.g. A great dam has been built up so as to eliminate the root of flood, which used to endanger the people along the river. 一座大坝已经建立起来，从而彻底根除了过去威胁着沿岸人民安全的洪水。 10. to be all things: 十全十美 e.g. As is opposite to the reality, some parents expect their children to be all things, thus urging them to learn this and that as well as their lessons. 一些家长不切合实际地希望自己的孩子十全十美，因此除了功课之外，逼迫他们学这 学那。 11. to blow one’s top: 大发雷霆 e.g. The coach pinned high hopes on his team; so when it suffered a complete defeat in the match, he blew his top. 教练对自己的球队寄予厚望，因而当球队在比赛中被打得一败涂地时，他大发雷霆。 12. to have no compass in life: 生活没有方向 e.g. If ambition is likened to the navigation mark for one’s life, living without ambition is just the same as having no compass in life. 如果把理想比做人生的航标，那么，无所追求的生活就如同生活没有方向。 13. to give emphasis to …: 看重/强调 ······ e.g. In the course of children’s growth, we should give as much emphasis to the cultivation of their love for others as to their intellectual development. 在孩子的成长过程中，我们应把对孩子的爱心培养和智力发展看得同等重要。 14. to own anger: 生气 e.g. He is so broad-minded that he never owns anger even when suffering wrong. 他心胸非常豁达，即使他受了委屈，也从来不生气。 15. to stir in one’s own juice: 受煎熬 e.g. When their favorite team met its Waterloo and lost the hope of making it into the finals, the devoted fans were stirring in their own juice as if it were the end of the world. 当自己最喜爱的球队兵败麦城 从而无望打入决赛时，这些忠实的球迷在痛苦中煎熬， 仿佛天都要塌下来了。 16. to blow apart with sth.: 因······而跨下来 e.g. The company, which once achieved a roaring success, is now about to blow apart with the lack of money and efficient management. 这家公司曾经获得巨大成功，可是由于缺乏资金和有效管理，现在行将跨塌。 17. on one’s trail: 在路上 e.g. So long as you go ahead steadily and proceed step by step on your trail to the pyramid of success, you are bound to reach its peak. 在通往成功的金字塔的道路上，只要你稳扎稳打，一步一个台阶，你就一定能登上顶 峰。 18. to cut sth. down to …: 降低到······ e.g. Thanks to the efficient and proper treatment after the accident, the damage was cut down to the minimum level. 由于有效的善后处理工作，事故造成的损失降到了最低限度。 19. to set one’s priorities: 确定优先做的事情
e.g Whatever you do, you must set your priorities because it is unwise of you to try to attend to big and small matters all at once 无论做什么事情都应该有个轻重缓急,因为眉毛胡子一把抓是不明智的。 20. to keep sth. in mind:牢记,记住 e.g As PLA men, we must keep in mind our sacred mission- getting ready to give our lives for the national dignity 作为军人,我们应该牢记我们的神圣使命一时刻准备为民族的尊严而献身 21. to have little or no control over sth.:对………几乎没有或没有控制 e.g Once you exercise little or no control over your personal emotion it is more likely to overflow the banks of your ration, thus bringing you into great emotional depression 你一旦对自己的情感放任自流,它很可能会漫过理智的堤岸,使你陷入情感的深渊 Patterns for you to use as models l. Typical Example: If you often feel angry and overwhelmed, like the stress in your life is spinning out of control, then you may be hurting your heart. 句型提炼: If sb. often/ always,like(从句), then sb. may be doing: 如果某人经常/总是……,好象 那么某人很可能是…(划线部分 可替换) 应用:a如果你对什么事都挑剔、对什么人都吹毛求疵,好象生活中什么都不如意,那 么你可能在追求一种不幸的生活方式 If you always pick holes in everything and find fault with anyone around you, like nothing in life agrees with your wishes, then you may be pursuing an unhappy style of living b.如果你什么事都看不上眼,好象无事值得你去做,那么你可能在虚度宝贵的时 光 If you hold everything in contempt, like nothing is worth your efforts, then you be ing away your precious time 2. Typical patterns for showing result Example: What happens is that the hotter people get, physiologically, with mental stress, the more likely they are to blow apart with some heart problem. 句型提炼: What happens is that the more sb. or sth.….with…, the more likely sb. sth is to. with 此时就会发生这种情况一某人或某事由于…变得越…,某人或 某事就越可能因为……而……(划线部分可替换) 应用:a随着高考临近,会发生这样的情况—由于父母过高的期望孩子越发焦虑,他们 就越可能因为压力太大而发挥差 With the college entrance exams drawing nearer, what happens is that the more anxious the children get with their parents' high expectations, the more likely they are to perform poorly with the excessive stress b.在健康的家庭生活氛围里,常常会出现这样的情况一孩子由于父母恰如其分 的表扬变得越自信,从而他们很可能会因为这种自信而做得更好。 In a healthy climate of family life, what often happens is that the more
e.g. Whatever you do, you must set your priorities because it is unwise of you to try to attend to big and small matters all at once. 无论做什么事情都应该有个轻重缓急，因为眉毛胡子一把抓是不明智的。 20. to keep sth. in mind: 牢记，记住 e.g. As PLA men, we must keep in mind our sacred mission — getting ready to give our lives for the national dignity. 作为军人，我们应该牢记我们的神圣使命 — 时刻准备为民族的尊严而献身。 21. to have little or no control over sth.: 对 ······ 几乎没有或没有控制 e.g. Once you exercise little or no control over your personal emotion, it is more likely to overflow the banks of your ration, thus bringing you into great emotional depression. 你一旦对自己的情感放任自流，它很可能会漫过理智的堤岸，使你陷入情感的深渊。 Patterns for you to use as models 1. Typical patterns for giving warning: Example: If you often feel angry and overwhelmed, like the stress in your life is spinning out of control, then you may be hurting your heart. 句型提炼: If sb. often / always …, like … (从句), then sb. may be doing … 如果某人经常/ 总是······，好象 ······ ，那么某人很可能是······（划线部分 可替换） 应用: a. 如果你对什么事都挑剔、对什么人都吹毛求疵，好象生活中什么都不如意，那 么你可能在追求一种不幸的生活方式。 If you always pick holes in everything and find fault with anyone around you, like nothing in life agrees with your wishes, then you may be pursuing an unhappy style of living. b. 如果你什么事都看不上眼，好象无事值得你去做，那么你可能在虚度宝贵的时 光。 If you hold everything in contempt, like nothing is worth your efforts, then you may be idling away your precious time. 2. Typical patterns for showing results: Example: What happens is that the hotter people get, physiologically, with mental stress, the more likely they are to blow apart with some heart problem. 句型提炼: What happens is that the more sb. or sth. … with …, the more likely sb. or sth. is to … with … 此时就会发生这种情况 — 某人或某事由于 ······ 变得越 ······， 某人或 某事就越可能因为 ······而 ······（划线部分可替换） 应用: a. 随着高考临近，会发生这样的情况—由于父母过高的期望孩子越发焦虑，他们 就越可能因为压力太大而发挥差。 With the college entrance exams drawing nearer, what happens is that the more anxious the children get with their parents’ high expectations, the more likely they are to perform poorly with the excessive stress. b. 在健康的家庭生活氛围里，常常会出现这样的情况 — 孩子由于父母恰如其分 的表扬变得越自信，从而他们很可能会因为这种自信而做得更好。 In a healthy climate of family life, what often happens is that the more