2) relating to one particular thing,et; not general特有的,特定的 The money is to be used for a specific purpose the building of the new theatre. itEM 将专款专用:兴建新剧院 8. latter a 1 )being the second of two people, things or groups mentioned before (两者中的)后者的 There are plastic and wooden garden chairs but the latter ones are more expensive. TEv 椅有塑料制的和木制的,但是后者贵得多 2) near to the end of a period后面的 Building of the new library should begin in the latter part of next year 修建新图书馆的工程应在明年下半年开始 -In the latter stages of the fight he began to tire 在战斗的后阶段他开始感到累了 n[the - ] the second of two things or people already mentioned/ g 'e have to make the kitchen and the hall more attractive l'd rather do the latter first. i 们得把厨房和客厅装饰得更漂亮些-我情愿先装饰客厅。 My support the former plan, but personally I'm for the latter 许多人支持前面那个计划,但我个人赞同后者。 former: antonym of latter后者 9. prominent a.l) )important,wel- known重要的,杰出的,显著的,著名的 .The government should be playing a more prominent role in improving public traffic. i 府应该在改善公共交通方面起更重要的作用 2) sticking out from a surface突出的,凸起的 She has a rather prominent nose.她的鼻子很高。 10. refine vt1)make(sb./sth) more elegant使文雅,使高尚 Delia has been refined. You can't imagine she is now an elegant lady 德丽娅现在变文雅了。你想象不到她已是一位优雅的女士了 2) )to make pure or improve esp. by removing unwanted material提炼,精炼 Oil is industrially refined.燃料油是经工业提炼而成的 11. acquaintance n1)[C] person whom one knows but who is not a close friend相识的人 He has a lot of business acquaintances but very few real friends 他有许多生意上的熟人,但真正的朋友却很少 -- He has a wide circle of acquaintances.他交际甚广。 2)[U]( often sligh) knowledge of sb./sth.了解 --He has acquaintance with the Japanese language 他略懂一些日语 Make the acquaintance of sb= make sb' s acquaintance与人结识 have a( nodding) acquaintance with sb与某人有(点头)之交 12. stereotype vt form a fixed set of ideas that is generally disapproving about the characteristics of a certain group of people or things对……形成固定看法 The study says that British advertisements stereotype women 该项研究说英国的广告对妇女抱有成见。 The police have been criticized for having stereotyped images of black people. HAfit 评警方对黑人有成见 C] image, idea, character, etc that has become fixed in a routine form 固定的形象,陈规,老套,旧框框 He doesn't fit the national stereotype of a frenchman 他不是个符合法国模式的法国人 The characters in the book are just stereotypes 这书中的角色只是些僵化的人物 13. confess v 1)admit often unwillingly ]ki confess doing I'm rather bored. I must confess
6 2) relating to one particular thing, etc.; not general 特有的，特定的 ---The money is to be used for a specific purpose: the building of the new theatre. 这笔款 将专款专用：兴建新剧院。 8. latter a.1)being the second of two people, things or groups mentioned before （两者中的）后者的 ---There are plastic and wooden garden chairs but the latter ones are more expensive. 花园 椅有塑料制的和木制的，但是后者贵得多。 2) near to the end of a period 后面的 ---Building of the new library should begin in the latter part of next year. 修建新图书馆的工程应在明年下半年开始。 ---In the latter stages of the fight he began to tire. 在战斗的后阶段他开始感到累了。 n.[the ~ ] the second of two things or people already mentioned后者 ---We have to make the kitchen and the hall more attractive. I'd rather do the latter first. 我 们得把厨房和客厅装饰得更漂亮些--我情愿先装饰客厅。 ---My support the former plan, but personally I'm for the latter. 许多人支持前面那个计划，但我个人赞同后者。 former : antonym of latter 后者 9. prominent a.1)important; well-known 重要的，杰出的，显著的，著名的 ---The government should be playing a more prominent role in improving public traffic. 政 府应该在改善公共交通方面起更重要的作用。 2) sticking out from a surface 突出的，凸起的 ---She has a rather prominent nose. 她的鼻子很高。 10. refine vt.1) make (sb. / sth.) more elegant 使文雅，使高尚 ---Delia has been refined. You can't imagine she is now an elegant lady. 德丽娅现在变文雅了。你想象不到她已是一位优雅的女士了。 2)to make pure or improve esp. by removing unwanted material 提炼，精炼 ---Oil is industrially refined. 燃料油是经工业提炼而成的。 11. acquaintance n.1) [C] person whom one knows but who is not a close friend 相识的人 ---He has a lot of business acquaintances but very few real friends. 他有许多生意上的熟人，但真正的朋友却很少。 ---He has a wide circle of acquaintances. 他交际甚广。 2）[U] (often slight) knowledge of sb. / sth.了解 ---He has some little acquaintance with the Japanese language. 他略懂一些日语。 Make the acquaintance of sb = make sb’s acquaintance 与人结识; have a (nodding) acquaintance with sb 与某人有（点头）之交 12. stereotype vt.form a fixed set of ideas that is generally disapproving about the characteristics of a certain group of people or things 对... ...形成固定看法 ---The study says that British advertisements stereotype women. 该项研究说英国的广告对妇女抱有成见。 ---The police have been criticized for having stereotyped images of black people. 有人批 评警方对黑人有成见。 n.[C] image, idea, character, etc. that has become fixed in a routine form 固定的形象，陈规，老套，旧框框 ---He doesn't fit the national stereotype of a Frenchman. 他不是个符合法国模式的法国人。 ---The characters in the book are just stereotypes. 这书中的角色只是些僵化的人物。 13. confess v.1) admit often unwillingly 承认 confess doing ---I'm rather bored, I must confess
我不得不承认我有点厌烦了 He confessed that he had slept through the second half of the film 他承认电影放到一半后他一直在睡觉 2) admit that one has done sth wrong,esp. when what you have done is secret坦白,供认 he confessed to her husband that she had sold her wedding ring 她向丈夫坦白她卖掉了结婚戒指。 I'm afraid that I've got something to confess: I've broken your vase 恐怕有件事我得告诉你-我打破了你的花瓶。 Ie.g. The man in the corner confessed to a lie to the manager of the company A)have told B)be told C) being tol D) having told 4. thoughtful a 1 )thinking deeply深思的,思考的 The doctor looked thoughtful for a moment and then started to writ omething on the pape 医生仔细考虑了片刻,开始在纸上写了起来 When Beth is writing a letter. she looks thoughtful 当贝思写信时,她看上去像在思索。 2)( considerate) showing care for the need of others 体贴的,关心的,考虑周到的 She's a very thoughtful person 她是个很体贴别人的人。 Thank you for phoning to see if I was feeling better-it was very thoughtful of you. if 谢你打电话问我是否觉得好点了-你真关心人 15. award vt give esp. as the result of an official decision授予,给予 The university has awarded Jane $500 for travel she was awarded a medal for bravery 她因勇敢而被授予一枚奖章 n[C]sth. awarded奖品 They have given an award of s900 to each of the winners 他们给予每位获胜者900美元奖励 16. objective a not influenced by personal feelings; fair 不受个人感情影响的,客观的,公正的 How can you make an objective decision if she's your own daughter? 如果她是你的女儿,你怎么可能做出客观的决定呢? - --lt is an objective report 这是一篇客观的报道 nC] thing aimed at or wished for; purpose目标,目的 Her main objective now is simply to become an internationally famous 她现在的主要目标就是成为一名具有世界声望的科学家 -i don't know what his objectives were in making such a criticism? 我不知道他这样指责的目的是什么? subjective: antonym of objective主观的,受个人感情支配的 17. despair vi have lost all hope失望,绝望 We've despaired of him; he can't keep a job for more than six months 我们对他非常失望,没有哪一个工作他能干半年以上 Don't despair! Well find a way out! 不要绝望!我们会找到解决办法的! n)[U] state of having lost all hope失望,绝望 gave up the struggle in despa 他绝望地放弃了斗争 To the despair of her teachers, Nicole never does the work that she's told to do. <tip 们感到失望的是,尼科尔从来不做布置给她的作业
7 我不得不承认我有点厌烦了。 ---He confessed that he had slept through the second half of the film. 他承认电影放到一半后他一直在睡觉。 2) admit that one has done sth. wrong, esp. when what you have done is secret坦白，供认 ---She confessed to her husband that she had sold her wedding ring. 她向丈夫坦白她卖掉了结婚戒指。 ---I'm afraid that I've got something to confess: I've broken your vase. 恐怕有件事我得告诉你--我打破了你的花瓶。 [e.g.] The man in the corner confessed to ____ a lie to the manager of the company. A) have told B) be told C) being told D) having told 14. thoughtful a.1)thinking deeply深思的，思考的 ---The doctor looked thoughtful for a moment and then started to write something on the paper. 医生仔细考虑了片刻，开始在纸上写了起来。 ---When Beth is writing a letter, she looks thoughtful. 当贝思写信时，她看上去像在思索。 2) （ considerate）showing care for the need of others 体贴的，关心的，考虑周到的 ---She's a very thoughtful person. 她是个很体贴别人的人。 ---Thank you for phoning to see if I was feeling better - it was very thoughtful of you. 谢 谢你打电话问我是否觉得好点了--你真关心人。 15. award vt.give esp. as the result of an official decision 授予，给予 ---The university has awarded Jane $500 for travel. 大学给予简500美元旅行补助。 ---She was awarded a medal for bravery. 她因勇敢而被授予一枚奖章。 n.[C] sth. awarded奖品 ---They have given an award of $900 to each of the winners. 他们给予每位获胜者900美元奖励。 16. objective a.not influenced by personal feelings; fair 不受个人感情影响的，客观的，公正的 ---How can you make an objective decision if she's your own daughter? 如果她是你的女儿，你怎么可能做出客观的决定呢？ ---It is an objective report. 这是一篇客观的报道。 n.[C] thing aimed at or wished for; purpose 目标，目的 ---Her main objective now is simply to become an internationally famous scientist. 她现在的主要目标就是成为一名具有世界声望的科学家。 ---I don't know what his objectives were in making such a criticism? 我不知道他这样指责的目的是什么？ subjective : antonym of objective 主观的，受个人感情支配的 17. despair vi.have lost all hope 失望，绝望 ---We've despaired of him; he can't keep a job for more than six months. 我们对他非常失望，没有哪一个工作他能干半年以上。 ---Don't despair! We'll find a way out! 不要绝望！我们会找到解决办法的！ n.1) [U] state of having lost all hope 失望，绝望 ---He gave up the struggle in despair. 他绝望地放弃了斗争。 ---To the despair of her teachers, Nicole never does the work that she's told to do. 令老师 们感到失望的是，尼科尔从来不做布置给她的作业