3)Limitations: (1) The shallow optimism made it impossible for them to understand human suffering (2) They cut themselves from life (Thoreau) and were trapped by empty talk. They stressed too much on human intuition (3) They failed to provide solution to problem they found 5. Ralph Waldo Emerson(1803-1882) 1)Philosophical ideas (1) He stressed on oversoul. Nature is a symbol of spirit and nature can purify human beings (2) Individuals are the most important (3) He called for the creation of the real national literature and this literature should celebrate the life and the common (4) He believed that art comes from life. It is better than life. Thus art has the
3)Limitations: (1) The shallow optimism made it impossible for them to understand human suffering. (2) They cut themselves from life (Thoreau) and were trapped by empty talk. They stressed too much on human intuition. (3) They failed to provide solution to problem they found. 5. Ralph Waldo Emerson(1803-1882) 1)Philosophical ideas (1) He stressed on oversoul. Nature is a symbol of spirit and nature can purify human beings. (2) Individuals are the most important. (3) He called for the creation of the real national literature and this literature should celebrate the life and the common. (4) He believed that art comes from life. It is better than life. Thus art has the
function of teaching. 2 works: Nature, The American Scholar 3)significance (1)He embodied the desire to assert a new nation's identity (2) By stressing on the individuals he criticized the corrupting society; he was strongly against the materialism of that time 4)Limitation: His individualism goes to extreme and becomes a kind of selfishness 6. Walt Whitman(1819-1892) DLife: One of the three Transcendentalists the other two are Thoreau and Emerson), a transitional figure from Romanticism to realism. The greatest poet in 19 century of America 2)Writing Style (1)He created a new poem form--free verse which means without fixed beat or regular rhyme. Free verse takes
function of teaching. 2)works: Nature , The American Scholar 3)significance (1) He embodied the desire to assert a new nation’s identity. (2) By stressing on the individuals he criticized the corrupting society; he was strongly against the materialism of that time. 4)Limitation: His individualism goes to extreme and becomes a kind of selfishness. 6. Walt Whitman (1819-1892) 1)Life: One of the three Transcendentalists ( the other two are : Thoreau and Emerson), a transitional figure from Romanticism to realism. The greatest poet in 19th century of America. 2)Writing Style: (1) He created a new poem form---“free verse” which means without fixed beat or regular rhyme. Free verse takes
lines as rhythmic items and sometimes applies alliteration. It breaks away from traditional amic pentameter and gives the poets more freedom in writing any subject (2) Symbolism (3) Slang, localism, common speech 3)Theme chief wrote about transcendentalism and democratic ideas and social matters (1)unity of man with nature (2) equality of all man, different classes and races (3) Cycles of life and death. Death is the beginning of a new form of life (4) Enthusiastic about expression of individualism (5 Anti-slavery (6) Brotherhood works. (1)Out of the Cradle Endlessly Rocking:
lines as rhythmic items and sometimes applies alliteration. It breaks away from traditional ambic pentameter and gives the poets more freedom in writing any subject. (2) Symbolism (3) Slang, localism, common speech 3)Theme: chiefly wrote about transcendentalism and democratic ideas and social matters. (1) unity of man with nature (2) equality of all man, different classes and races. (3) Cycles of life and death. Death is the beginning of a new form of life. (4) Enthusiastic about expression of individualism. (5) Anti-slavery (6) Brotherhood 4)works: (1) Out of the Cradle Endlessly Rocking:
The repetition of"0": a. a cycle of life and death: b. mouth of a person weepIng (2 When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom'd The relationship of life and death, physical and spirit. It memorizes Lincoln. It envisioned the poet as a hero, a savior and prophet. (3)Song of Myself Individualism, intuition, praises democracy and working class people (4)There was a Child Went Forth It praises expansion (5)Leaves of Grass A book of collected poetry 第13讲: 7. Nathaniel Hawthorne(1804-1864) 1) Life: He represented pessimism of Transcendentalism, the dark side of Puritanism
The repetition of “O”: a. a cycle of life and death; b. mouth of a person weeping (2)When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom’d The relationship of life and death, physical and spirit. It memorizes Lincoln. It envisioned the poet as a hero, a savior and prophet. (3) Song of Myself Individualism, intuition, praises democracy and working class people. (4)There was a Child Went Forth It praises expansion. (5) Leaves of Grass A book of collected poetry 第 13 讲: 7. Nathaniel Hawthorne (1804-1864) 1) Life: He represented pessimism of Transcendentalism, the dark side of Puritanism
i. Dominant ideas in his works. 1. He writes about sin (original sin) with the influence from early puritan ancestors 2. His attitude towards scientific development is conservative 3. He is concerned with the moral emotional and psychological effect of sin of his characters ii. Works oung Goodman brown ---sin, evil Rappaccini's Danger --conservative idea to science Scarlet Letter -------Hester, Chillingworth Dimmesdale The house of the seven Gables----the wrong doing of one generation will lead to the punishment of the offspring. The Marble Faun -m-The moral maturity of a person can only be achieved
i. Dominant ideas in his works: 1. He writes about sin (original sin) with the influence from early puritan ancestors. 2. His attitude towards scientific development is conservative. 3. He is concerned with the moral, emotional and psychological effect of sin of his characters. ii. Works: Young Goodman brown -----sin, evil Rappaccini’s Danger ----conservative idea to science Scarlet Letter -------Hester, Chillingworth, Dimesdale The House of the Seven Gables----the wrong doing of one generation will lead to the punishment of the offspring. The Marble Faun ------The moral maturity of a person can only be achieved