e new protectionism is much broader than this: it includes interventions into fo reign trade but is not limited to them. The new protectionism, in fact, refers t o how the whole of government intervention into the private economy affects inte rnational trade. The emphasis on trade is still there thus came the term "prot ection. But what is new is the realization that virtually all government activ ities can affect international economic relations The emergence of the new protectionis the Western world reflects the victory of the interventionist, or welfare economy over the market economy. Jab Tumiler writes, "The old protectionism--coexisted, without any apparent intellectual d ifficulty with the acceptance of the market as a national as well as an internat ional economic distribution mechanism -indeed, protectionists as well as (if no t more than) free traders stood for laissez faire(放任政策).Now, as in the1930 s, protectionism is an expression of a profound skepticism as to the ability of the market to distribute resources and incomes to societies satisfaction It is precisely this profound skepticism of the market economy that is responsib le for the protectionism. In a market economy, economic change of various colors implies redistribution of resources and incomes. The same opinion in many commu nities apparently is that such redistributions often are not proper Therefore the government intervenes to bring about a more desired result The victory of the welfare state is almost complete in northern Europe. In Swede n, Norway, Finland, Denmark, and the Netherlands, government intervention in alm ost all aspects of economic and social life is considered normal. In Great brita in this is only somewhat less true. Government traditionally has played a very a ctive role in economic life in france and continued to do so. Only West germany dares to go against the tide towards excessive interventionism in Western Europe It also happens to be the most successful Western European economy. The welfare state has made significant progress in the United States as well as in Western Europe. Social security, unemployment insurance, minimum wage law S, and rent control are by now traditional welfare state elements on the america n scene 1l. This passage is primarily concerned with discussing A)the definition of the new protectionism B)the difference between new and old protectionism C) the emergence of the new protectionism in the Western world D)the significance of the welfare state 12. What does the phrase "stood for(Para. 2)"mean A)represented B)held out. C) tolerated. D) disapproved 13. Which of the following statements is Not a characteristic of a welfare state mentioned in this passage? A)Free education is available to a child. B)Laws are made to fix the minimum wage C) A jobless person can be insured D)There are regulations for rent
e new protectionism is much broader than this: it includes interventions into fo reign trade but is not limited to them. The new protectionism, in fact, refers t o how the whole of government intervention into the private economy affects inte rnational trade. The emphasis on trade is still there, thus came the term “prot ection.” But what is new is the realization that virtually all government activ ities can affect international economic relations. The emergence of the new protectionism in the Western world reflects the victory of the interventionist, or welfare economy over the market economy. Jab Tumiler writes, “The old protectionism…coexisted, without any apparent intellectual d ifficulty with the acceptance of the market as a national as well as an internat ional economic distribution mechanism — indeed, protectionists as well as (if no t more than) free traders stood for laissez faire(放任政策). Now, as in the 1930 s, protectionism is an expression of a profound skepticism as to the ability of the market to distribute resources and incomes to societies satisfaction.” It is precisely this profound skepticism of the market economy that is responsib le for the protectionism. In a market economy, economic change of various colors implies redistribution of resources and incomes. The same opinion in many commu nities apparently is that such redistributions often are not proper. Therefore, the government intervenes to bring about a more desired result. The victory of the welfare state is almost complete in northern Europe. In Swede n, Norway, Finland, Denmark, and the Netherlands, government intervention in alm ost all aspects of economic and social life is considered normal. In Great Brita in this is only somewhat less true. Government traditionally has played a very a ctive role in economic life in France and continued to do so. Only West Germany dares to go against the tide towards excessive interventionism in Western Europe . It also happens to be the most successful Western European economy. The welfare state has made significant progress in the United States as well as in Western Europe. Social security, unemployment insurance, minimum wage law s, and rent control are by now traditional welfare state elements on the America n scene. 11.This passage is primarily concerned with discussing ____. A) the definition of the new protectionism B) the difference between new and old protectionism C) the emergence of the new protectionism in the Western world D) the significance of the welfare state 12.What does the phrase “stood for(Para.2)” mean? A) represented. B) held out. C) tolerated. D) disapproved. 13.Which of the following statements is NOT a characteristic of a welfare state mentioned in this passage? A) Free education is available to a child. B) Laws are made to fix the minimum wage. C) A jobless person can be insured. D) There are regulations for rent
14. Which of the following inferences is true, according to this passage A) The economy developed faster in welfare states than in non-welfare states B)In the 1930s, protectionism be egan to rise C)The new protectionism is so called mainly because it is the latest. D)Government plays a more active role in economic life in Northern Europe than in great britain 15. The passage supplies information for answering which of the following s? A)When did the new protectionism arise? B)Why is the new protectionism so popular in northern European countries? C) Does the American government play a more active role in economic life than th e british government? D)Why does the government intervene in economic life? Passage 2 Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage: When I was growing up, the whole world was Jewish. The heroes were Jewish and th e villains were Jewish. The landlord, the doctor, the grocer, your best friend the village idiot, and the neighborhood bully: all Jewish. We were working class and immigrants as well, but that just come with the territory essentially we w ere Jews on the streets of New York. We learned to be kind, cruel, and smart and feeling in a mixture of language and gesture that was part street slang, part g rade-school English, part kitchen Yiddish. One Sunday evening when I was eight years old my parents and i were riding in the back seat of my rich uncle s car. We had been out for a ride and now we wer e back in the Bronx, headed for home. Suddenly, another car sideswiped us. My mo ther and aunt shrieked. My uncle swore softly. My father in whose lap i was sit ting, said out the window at the speeding car, "Thats all right. Nothing but a few Jews in here. In an instant i knew everything. I knew there was a world beyond our streets, and in that world my father was a humiliated man, without po wer or standing. When I was sixteen a girl in the next building had her nose straightened we a I went together to see Selma Shapiro lying in state, wrapped in bandages from w hich would emerge a person fit for life beyond the block. Three buildings away a boy went downtown for a job, and on his application he wrote Anold Brown" in stead of "Anold Braunowiitz. The news swept through the neighborhood like a w Id fire. A name change? What was happening here? It was awful; it was wonderful It was frightening: it was delicious. Whatever it was, it wasn t standstill
14.Which of the following inferences is true, according to this passage? A) The economy developed faster in welfare states than in non-welfare states. B) In the 1930s, protectionism began to rise. C) The new protectionism is so called mainly because it is the latest. D) Government plays a more active role in economic life in Northern Europe than in Great Britain. 15.The passage supplies information for answering which of the following questions? A) When did the new protectionism arise? B) Why is the new protectionism so popular in northern European countries? C) Does the American government play a more active role in economic life than th e British government? D) Why does the government intervene in economic life? Passage 2 Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage: When I was growing up, the whole world was Jewish. The heroes were Jewish and th e villains were Jewish. The landlord, the doctor, the grocer, your best friend, the village idiot, and the neighborhood bully: all Jewish. We were working class and immigrants as well, but that just come with the territory. Essentially we w ere Jews on the streets of New York. We learned to be kind, cruel, and smart and feeling in a mixture of language and gesture that was part street slang, part g rade-school English, part kitchen Yiddish. One Sunday evening when I was eight years old my parents and I were riding in the back seat of my rich uncle’s car. We had been out for a ride and now we wer e back in the Bronx, headed for home. Suddenly, another car sideswiped us. My mo ther and aunt shrieked. My uncle swore softly. My father, in whose lap I was sit ting, said out the window at the speeding car, “That’s all right. Nothing but a few Jews in here.” In an instant I knew everything. I knew there was a world beyond our streets, and in that world my father was a humiliated man, without po wer or standing. When I was sixteen a girl in the next building had her nose straightened; we a ll went together to see Selma Shapiro lying in state, wrapped in bandages from w hich would emerge a person fit for life beyond the block. Three buildings away a boy went downtown for a job, and on his application he wrote “Anold Brown” in stead of “Anold Braunowiitz.” The news swept through the neighborhood like a w ild fire. A name change? What was happening here? It was awful; it was wonderful . It was frightening; it was delicious. Whatever it was, it wasn’t standstill
Thing felt lively and active. Self-confidence was on the rise, passivity on the wane. We were going to experience challenges. Thats what it meant to be in the new world. For the first time we could imagine ourselves out there But whom exact ly do I mean when I say we? I mean Arinie, not Selma. I mean my brother, not me. I mean the boys, not the girls. My mother stood behind me, push ing me forward. "The girls goes to college, too, she said. And i did. But my going to college would not mean the same thing as my brothers going to college and we all knew it. For my brother, college meant going from the bronx to Manh attan. But for me? From the time I was fourteen I yearned to get out of the bron x, but get out into what? i did not actually imagine myself a working person alo ne in Manhattan and nobody else did either. What i did imagine was that I would marry, and that the man I married would get me downtown. He would break the peri Is of class and race, and some how id be there alongside him. 16. In the passage, we can find the author was A)quite satisfied with her life B)a poor Jewish girl C) born in a middle-class family D)a resident in a rich area in New York 17. Why did the author’ s father say“ Nothing but a few Jews in here”? A)He was asking for hel B)He was complaining D) He wanted to know why their car was sideswiped. 18. Selma Shapiro had her nose straightened because she wanted o to look her best B)to find a new job in the neighborhood c)to live a new life in other places D) to marry very soon 19 Anold brown changed his name because A)there was racial discrimination in employment B)Brown was just the as braunowiit D)Brown sounds better 20. From the passage we can infer that A)the Jews were satisfied with their life in the bronx B)the Jewish immigrants could not be rich C)all the immigrants were very poor D) the young Jews didn' t accept the stern reality
Thing felt lively and active. Self-confidence was on the rise, passivity on the wane. We were going to experience challenges. That’s what it meant to be in the new world. For the first time we could imagine ourselves out there. But whom exactly do I mean when I say we? I mean Arinie, not Selma. I mean my brother, not me. I mean the boys, not the girls. My mother stood behind me, push ing me forward. “The girls goes to college, too,” she said. And I did. But my going to college would not mean the same thing as my brother’s going to college , and we all knew it. For my brother, college meant going from the Bronx to Manh attan. But for me? From the time I was fourteen I yearned to get out of the Bron x, but get out into what? I did not actually imagine myself a working person alo ne in Manhattan and nobody else did either. What I did imagine was that I would marry, and that the man I married would get me downtown. He would break the peri ls of class and race, and some how I’d be there alongside him. 16.In the passage, we can find the author was____. A) quite satisfied with her life B) a poor Jewish girl C) born in a middle-class family D) a resident in a rich area in New York 17.Why did the author’s father say “Nothing but a few Jews in here”? A) He was asking for help. B) He was complaining. C) He was reassuring. D) He wanted to know why their car was sideswiped. 18.Selma Shapiro had her nose straightened because she wanted ____. A) to look her best B) to find a new job in the neighborhood C) to live a new life in other places D) to marry very soon 19.Anold Brown changed his name because ____. A) there was racial discrimination in employment B) Brown was just the same as Braunowiitz C) it was easy to write D) Brown sounds better 20.From the passage we can infer that ____. A) the Jews were satisfied with their life in the Bronx B) the Jewish immigrants could not be rich C) all the immigrants were very poor D) the young Jews didn’t accept the stern reality
Passage 3 Questic 1 to 25 are based on the following passage It is all very well to blame traffic congestion, the cost of petrol and the hectic pace modern life, but manners on the roads are becoming deplorable. Every body knows that the nicest men become monsters behind the wheel. It is all very well, again to, to have a tiger in the tank but to have one in the drivers se at is another kettle of fish altogether. You might tolerate the odd road hog, bu t nowadays the well-mannered motorist is the exception to the rule. Perhaps the situation calls for a"Be Kind to Other Drivers" campaign, otherwise it may g et completely out of hand. Road courtesy is not only good manners, but good sense too. It takes the most le ve headed and good-tempered of drivers to resist the temptation to retaliate whe n sub jected to uncivilized behavior. On the other hand, a little courtesy goes a long way towards relieving the tensions and frustrations of motoring A friendl y nod or a wave of acknowledgement in response to an act of courtesy helps to cr eate an atmosphere of goodwill and tolerance so necessary in modern traffic cond itions. But such acknowledgements of courtesy are all too rare today many drive rs nowadays don' t even seem able to recognize courtesy when they see it. Contrary to general opinion, young drivers (especially sports-car owners, who ta ke pride in their driving) have better manners than their seniors. But this atti tude is short-lived in the world of modern driving where many drivers nei ther ex pect nor give any quarter. This may be a commendable trait on the battlefield bu t is out of place on the roads Lorry drivers say they have almost abandoned the practice of signal cars to over take when the road is clear, because many of the cars took too long to pass. The ir drivers couldn' t be bothered to select a lower gear others, after overtakin g, slowed down again and hogged the road Again, a motoring magazine has recent y drawn attention to the increasing number of drivers who never wait for gap They manufacture them by force, using their direction indicators as a threat r ather than a warning Slanting matches and even punch-ups are quite common. It cant be long before we hear of pistols and knives being used: we can then cal I our dual carriageways duel carriageways, and solve a spelling problem in the p rocess Driving is essentially a state of mind. However technically skilled a driver be, he cant be an advanced motorist if he is always arrogant and aggressive. 21. What does the author mean by "another kettle of fish altogether"(P ara.1, sentence 3)? A)completely another awkward and difficult situation B)another net of fish put together C)completely another kind of situation D) completely another kind of driver
Passage 3 Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage: It is all very well to blame traffic congestion, the cost of petrol and the hectic pace modern life, but manners on the roads are becoming deplorable. Every body knows that the nicest men become monsters behind the wheel. It is all very well, again to, to have a tiger in the tank, but to have one in the driver’s se at is another kettle of fish altogether. You might tolerate the odd road hog, bu t nowadays the well-mannered motorist is the exception to the rule. Perhaps the situation calls for a “Be Kind to Other Drivers” campaign, otherwise it may g et completely out of hand. Road courtesy is not only good manners, but good sense too. It takes the most le velheaded and good-tempered of drivers to resist the temptation to retaliate whe n subjected to uncivilized behavior. On the other hand, a little courtesy goes a long way towards relieving the tensions and frustrations of motoring. A friendl y nod or a wave of acknowledgement in response to an act of courtesy helps to cr eate an atmosphere of goodwill and tolerance so necessary in modern traffic cond itions. But such acknowledgements of courtesy are all too rare today. Many drive rs nowadays don’t even seem able to recognize courtesy when they see it. Contrary to general opinion, young drivers (especially sports-car owners, who ta ke pride in their driving) have better manners than their seniors. But this atti tude is short-lived in the world of modern driving where many drivers neither ex pect nor give any quarter. This may be a commendable trait on the battlefield bu t is out of place on the roads. Lorry drivers say they have almost abandoned the practice of signal cars to over take when the road is clear, because many of the cars took too long to pass. The ir drivers couldn’t be bothered to select a lower gear. Others, after overtakin g, slowed down again and hogged the road. Again, a motoring magazine has recentl y drawn attention to the increasing number of drivers who never wait for gaps. “They manufacture them by force, using their direction indicators as a threat r ather than a warning.” Slanting matches and even punch-ups are quite common. It can’t be long before we hear of pistols and knives being used: we can then cal l our dual carriageways duel carriageways, and solve a spelling problem in the p rocess. Driving is essentially a state of mind. However technically skilled a driver may be, he can’t be an advanced motorist if he is always arrogant and aggressive. 21.What does the author mean by “another kettle of fish altogether” (P ara.1, sentence 3)? A) completely another awkward and difficult situation B) another net of fish put together C) completely another kind of situation D) completely another kind of driver
22. The phrase "get completely out of hand"(Para. 1, last sentence)st a)get without giving it much thought completel B) c) get out of control completely 23 Road courtesy is good sense because A) it minimizes friction B)most drivers never make acknowledgements D)most drivers will hit you if offended 4. A common example of bad manners on the roads is ignaling when overtaking B)that they couldn't be bothered to select a lower gear C) preventing other vehicles from overtaking D)making holes in the roads on purpose 25. According to the author di the roads is caused p A thick the roads B)the way people have to rush around nowadays C) the aggressiveness of most drivers D) too many pedestrians walking about Pa Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage Unlike any earlier building complex anywhere in the world, Rockefeller in New York City was built, not as a place where people could live, but as a city in w hich they could work. It was the biggest building project of its kind, a city wi thin a city, and of the forerunner of projects that have sprung up all over the world. 30 architects. 120 draftsmen and hundreds of other artists and technicia ns were employed just to draft the plans. Before the buildings could be erected 229 old buildings had to be emptied of 4, 000 tenants and razed just to buy up the leases took over two years and cost over $6, 000, 000. The unusual shap e and s etbacks of the 70-story RCa building resulted primarily from practical considera tions such as light ing, the movement of people and the building s services. The lower concourse and basement level were set aside for shops. A sunken plaza, co mplete with gardens and fountains, was designed to provide access to the se shops Today the plaza, which is used for ice-skating in winter and dining and dancin
22.The phrase “get completely out of hand” (Para. 1, last sentence) st ands for ____. A) get without giving it much thought completely B) get out of order completely C) get out of control completely D) get ready completely 23.Road courtesy is good sense because ____. A) it minimizes friction B) most drivers never make acknowledgements C) it cuts down the number of drivers D) most drivers will hit you if offended 24.A common example of bad manners on the roads is ____. A) not signaling when overtaking B) that they couldn’t be bothered to select a lower gear C) preventing other vehicles from overtaking D) making holes in the roads on purpose 25.According to the author, discourtesy on the roads is caused primarily by ____. A) too many vehicles on the roads B) the way people have to rush around nowadays C) the aggressiveness of most drivers D) too many pedestrians walking about Passage 4 Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage: Unlike any earlier building complex anywhere in the world, Rockefeller in New York City was built, not as a place where people could live, but as a city in w hich they could work. It was the biggest building project of its kind, a city wi thin a city, and of the forerunner of projects that have sprung up all over the world. 30 architects, 120 draftsmen, and hundreds of other artists and technicia ns were employed just to draft the plans. Before the buildings could be erected, 229 old buildings had to be emptied of 4,000 tenants and razed. Just to buy up the leases took over two years and cost over $6,000,000. The unusual shap e and s etbacks of the 70-story RCA building resulted primarily from practical considera tions such as lighting, the movement of people and the building’s services. The lower concourse and basement level were set aside for shops. A sunken plaza, co mplete with gardens and fountains, was designed to provide access to these shops . Today the plaza, which is used for ice-skating in winter and dining and dancin