Unit 7 Book 1 Relationships and communication Difficult sentences 1. Though there might be room for hesitation in the adoption of it when generation"is taken into account, it is far from wrong to borrow the rest in making an analysis. The pronoun "it appears twice in the sentence. Do they refer to the same thing? (No. The first"it"refers to the term"generation gap", while the second “it"” refers to“ to borrow the rest in making an analysis") What does“ room for hesitation”mean? Uncertainty What does‘ far from wrong”mean? Not wrong at all) Paraphrase the sentence (e When we use the term "generation gap"to explain communication problems mentioned above, the word"generation"may not be readily applicable as there may not be a generation gap between the people involved. But we can still analyze such problems from this perspective. Translate the sentence into chinese (=当然,如果细究“代”的本义,那么这算不上特别贴切,但是大可借用该术 语的其他涵义来分析问题。) 2. Curiously enough, in a modern society where not a few advanced technological means of communication such as the mobile phone and pager have been developed, people are still confronted with this problem What does"this problem"refer to? Lack of communication. What does this sentence imply? This sentence implies that advanced technological means of communication are not an adequate solution to the problem of lack of communication among people. It seems that the technologies invented to facilitate communication do not work and the problem is still there 3. People may wonder why their listening ability is undesirable when their hearing ability is physically sound What does this sentence imply? This sentence implies that listening ability is quite different from hearing ability. Therefore, the fact that there is no problem with one's ears does not mean one is good at listening Translate the sentence into chinese
1 Unit 7 Book 1 Relationships and Communication Difficult sentences 1. Though there might be room for hesitation in the adoption of it when “generation” is taken into account, it is far from wrong to borrow the rest in making an analysis. The pronoun “it” appears twice in the sentence. Do they refer to the same thing? (= No. The first “it” refers to the term “generation gap”, while the second “it” refers to “to borrow the rest in making an analysis”.) What does “room for hesitation” mean? (= Uncertainty.) What does “far from wrong” mean? (= Not wrong at all.) Paraphrase the sentence. (= When we use the term “generation gap” to explain communication problems mentioned above, the word “generation” may not be readily applicable as there may not be a generation gap between the people involved. But we can still analyze such problems from this perspective.) Translate the sentence into Chinese. (= 当然，如果细究“代”的本义，那么这算不上特别贴切，但是大可借用该术 语的其他涵义来分析问题。) 2. Curiously enough, in a modern society where not a few advanced technological means of communication such as the mobile phone and pager have been developed, people are still confronted with this problem. What does “this problem” refer to? (= Lack of communication.) What does this sentence imply? (= This sentence implies that advanced technological means of communication are not an adequate solution to the problem of lack of communication among people. It seems that the technologies invented to facilitate communication do not work and the problem is still there.) 3. People may wonder why their listening ability is undesirable when their hearing ability is physically sound. What does this sentence imply? (= This sentence implies that listening ability is quite different from hearing ability. Therefore, the fact that there is no problem with one’s ears does not mean one is good at listening.) Translate the sentence into Chinese
(=人们也许会问,为什么听觉没有问题而他们的聆听能力却不如人意呢?) 4. Believing that hearing is a physiological function, which comes to us naturally, we take it for granted that listening does not require much effort What does this sentence imply? Hearing is quite different from listening. Contrary to the common belief, listening does require some effort Translate the sentence into chinese (=我们会认为听觉能力是一种生理功能,是与生俱来的,所以我们想当然地以 为聆听不需要付出特别的努力。) 5. A speaker may not be able to keep pace with the working of the listener 's mind What does"the working of the listener's mind"mean? (The listener,'s thinking. What does this sentence imply? This sentence implies that the listener may need to be more patient and attentive in order to accomplish successful communication, because one' s speed of thinking is faster than that of speaking 6. With much free time left at their disposal, the listeners are likely to be carried away by their own thoughts and they soon lose their way What does"be carried away" mean? Be so excited, interested, or absorbed that you are no longer really in control of what you do, or you forget everything else Translate the sentence into chinese (=当听话人有很多自由时间支配的时候,他们就可能会太专注于自己的思绪而 很快就不知道说话人说到什么地方了。 7. Since each person has his own range of interests, when the speake alks about something that is of no personal interest or concern to him he would“ switch off the talking” What does" switch off the talking mean? No longer listen to what is being said to him, as if he had turned it off 8. This automatic control exercises its influence especially when the topic is too boring What does"this automatic control refer to? E Switching off the talking. What does“ exercise” mean in this sentence? Bring to bear; exert Translate the sentence into chinese (=这种自动控制系统的作用在谈话内容太枯燥的时候尤其明显
2 (= 人们也许会问，为什么听觉没有问题而他们的聆听能力却不如人意呢？) 4. Believing that hearing is a physiological function, which comes to us naturally, we take it for granted that listening does not require much effort. What does this sentence imply? (= Hearing is quite different from listening. Contrary to the common belief, listening does require some effort.) Translate the sentence into Chinese. (= 我们会认为听觉能力是一种生理功能，是与生俱来的，所以我们想当然地以 为聆听不需要付出特别的努力。) 5. A speaker may not be able to keep pace with the working of the listener’s mind. What does “the working of the listener’s mind” mean? (= The listener’s thinking.) What does this sentence imply? (= This sentence implies that the listener may need to be more patient and attentive in order to accomplish successful communication, because one’s speed of thinking is faster than that of speaking.) 6. With much free time left at their disposal, the listeners are likely to be carried away by their own thoughts and they soon lose their way. What does “be carried away” mean? (= Be so excited, interested, or absorbed that you are no longer really in control of what you do, or you forget everything else.) Translate the sentence into Chinese. (= 当听话人有很多自由时间支配的时候，他们就可能会太专注于自己的思绪而 很快就不知道说话人说到什么地方了。) 7. Since each person has his own range of interests, when the speaker talks about something that is of no personal interest or concern to him, he would “switch off the talking.” What does “switch off the talking” mean? (= No longer listen to what is being said to him, as if he had turned it off.) 8. This automatic control exercises its influence especially when the topic is too boring. What does “this automatic control” refer to? (= Switching off the talking.) What does “exercise” mean in this sentence? (= Bring to bear; exert.) Translate the sentence into Chinese. (= 这种自动控制系统的作用在谈话内容太枯燥的时候尤其明显。)
9. Other psychological factors also come into play What does"come into play"mean? Begin to operate or be active 10.... it is quite natural that he would not tune in to the words of the speaker What does“ tune in to”mean? Listen carefully and be aware of. Translate the sentence into chinese (=那他自然就不会去认真聆听说话人说的内容。) 11. What has to be borne in mind is that, to ensure that good communication takes place, talking and hearing are just not enough What does "be borne in mind mean? Be kept in mind; be remembered Paraphrase the sentence We should remember clearly that to accomplish successful communication, just talking and hearing are inadequate; more is needed Words and Expressions 1. complain 1)vi express feelings of pain, dissatisfaction, or resentment Workers who had lost their jobs complained bitterly about the way they had been treated Many patients complain of headaches and difficulty in sleeping when they take this drug 2)vt express dissatisfaction or resentment They complained that the price of books had increased 员工们抱怨工资过低而且福利差。 The employees complained that the wages were too low and the benefits were inadequate NB: complain complaint n 2. vital: adj. extremely important and necessary for something to succeed or exist Regular exercise is vital for your health The samples could give scientists v ital information about long-term changes in the earth's atmosphere 旅游业对于国民经济来说是至关重要的
3 9. Other psychological factors also come into play. What does “come into play” mean? (= Begin to operate or be active.) 10. … it is quite natural that he would not tune in to the words of the speaker. What does “tune in to” mean? (= Listen carefully and be aware of.) Translate the sentence into Chinese. (= 那他自然就不会去认真聆听说话人说的内容。) 11. What has to be borne in mind is that, to ensure that good communication takes place, talking and hearing are just not enough. What does “be borne in mind” mean? (= Be kept in mind; be remembered.) Paraphrase the sentence. (= We should remember clearly that to accomplish successful communication, just talking and hearing are inadequate; more is needed.) Words and Expressions 1. complain 1) vi. express feelings of pain, dissatisfaction, or resentment * Workers who had lost their jobs complained bitterly about the way they had been treated. * Many patients complain of headaches and difficulty in sleeping when they take this drug. 2) vt. express dissatisfaction or resentment * They complained that the price of books had increased. 员工们抱怨工资过低而且福利差。 (= The employees complained that the wages were too low and the benefits were inadequate.) NB: complain → complaint n. 2. vital: adj. extremely important and necessary for something to succeed or exist (= Regular exercise is vital for your health.) * The samples could give scientists vital information about long-term changes in the earth’s atmosphere. 旅游业对于国民经济来说是至关重要的
(The tourist industry is of vital importance to the national economy. NB: vitality n.生命力,活力 CF: vital essential 这两个形容词均有“重要的,必需的”之意。 vial强调指维持生命、活力必不可少的,或生死攸关的。例如: Irrigation was vital to early civilization It is vital that leaking gas pipes are fixed immediately. essential强调必不可少,暗含某物如缺少某部分则失去本质特征的意味。例如 Impartiality is essential to a judge It is essential to read any document carefully before you sign it. 3. contribute 1)vi. usually followed by to )help in causing a situation, event, or condition An increase in the price of drugs has contributed to the rising cost of medical care 锻炼能促进健康。 Exercise contributes to better health 2)vt give money, help, ideas, etc to something The volunteers contribute their own time to the project. Readers are inv ited to contribute their opinions on any of the issues discussed here 4. desert: vt. leave at a difficult time or in a cruel way, esp with the intention of not returning ( The price rise caused many readers to desert the magazine Mrs. Smith was deserted by her husband and had to support four children on her own 许多人在饥荒中逃往他乡 Many people deserted their homes during the food shortage 5. resort 1)vi. usually followed by to) make use of; turn to(often some thing bad) for help Many homeless teenagers resort to stealing when their money runs out 候选人们为了吸引注意用上了人身攻击的手段。 The candidates are resorting to personal attacks to get attention 2)n a place frequented by people for relaxation or recreation We were joined there by George and Mary and we all went off to the skiing resort. 到休养圣地去疗养一个月肯定会使你恢复健康。 (A month of rest in the health resort will certainly bring you around. Collocation:
4 (= The tourist industry is of vital importance to the national economy.) NB: vitality n. 生命力，活力 CF: vital & essential 这两个形容词均有“重要的，必需的”之意。 vital 强调指维持生命、活力必不可少的，或生死攸关的。例如： Irrigation was vital to early civilization. It is vital that leaking gas pipes are fixed immediately. essential 强调必不可少，暗含某物如缺少某部分则失去本质特征的意味。例如： Impartiality is essential to a judge. It is essential to read any document carefully before you sign it. 3. contribute: 1) vi. (usually followed by to) help in causing a situation, event, or condition * An increase in the price of drugs has contributed to the rising cost of medical care. 锻炼能促进健康。 (= Exercise contributes to better health.) 2) vt. give money, help, ideas, etc. to something * The volunteers contribute their own time to the project. * Readers are invited to contribute their opinions on any of the issues discussed here. 4. desert: vt. leave at a difficult time or in a cruel way, esp. with the intention of not returning (= The price rise caused many readers to desert the magazine.) * Mrs. Smith was deserted by her husband and had to support four children on her own. 许多人在饥荒中逃往他乡。 (= Many people deserted their homes during the food shortage.) 5. resort: 1) vi. (usually followed by to) make use of; turn to (often something bad) for help * Many homeless teenagers resort to stealing when their money runs out. 候选人们为了吸引注意用上了人身攻击的手段。 (= The candidates are resorting to personal attacks to get attention.) 2) n. a place frequented by people for relaxation or recreation * We were joined there by George and Mary and we all went off to the skiing resort. 到休养圣地去疗养一个月肯定会使你恢复健康。 (= A month of rest in the health resort will certainly bring you around.) Collocation:
a place of great resort人们常去的热闹地方 a health resort疗养地 a pleasure resort游乐胜地 a summer resort避暑地 a tourist resort旅游胜地 3)n. the act of turning to something for aid or relief; recourse He described the situation as not critical and said military force would be used only as a last resort. 反复实践是取得真知的方法。 Repeated practice is the resort of gaining genuine knowledge. 6. apply: 1)vt. usually followed by for request or seek assistance, employment, or admission We need to apply for planning permission to build a garage. She applied for a job with the local newspaper 我向美国四所大学申请攻读硕士学位,都被同意录取。 (E I applied to four American univers ities for postgraduate study as a Master candidate, and was accepted by all of them 2) vi.usually followed by to be pertinent or relevant The 20% discount only applies to club members 勤俭节约的原则适用于一切事业。 ( The principle of diligence and thrift applies to all undertakings. 3)vt put to or adapt for a special use New technology is being applied to almost every industrial process We should learn to apply book knowledge to social practice. NB: apply v.申请;应用→ application n.申请;应用→ applicable adj 适用的;可申请的→ applied adi.应用的 7. adoption: n adopt vt 1)take and use as one's own; begin to havea quality or appearance) Their purpose is to in fluence government to adopt policies favorable to them 这位历史老师决定采用讲故事的方法教学。 The history teacher decided to adopt the approach of story-telling in his teaching 2 take into one's family through legal means and raise as ones own child Teenagers who discover they were adopted often search for their biological parents when they are old enough NB:adop, adapt和 adept这三个词形似,易混淆 adopt为动词,意为“采用、采纳、领养”; adapt为动词,意为“调节、使适应”,常用于词组 adapt…to
5 a place of great resort 人们常去的热闹地方 a health resort 疗养地 a pleasure resort 游乐胜地 a summer resort 避暑地 a tourist resort 旅游胜地 3) n. the act of turning to something for aid or relief; recourse * He described the situation as not critical and said military force would be used only as a last resort. 反复实践是取得真知的方法。 (= Repeated practice is the resort of gaining genuine knowledge.) 6. apply: 1) vt. (usually followed by for) request or seek assistance, employment, or admission * We need to apply for planning permission to build a garage. * She applied for a job with the local newspaper. 我向美国四所大学申请攻读硕士学位，都被同意录取。 (= I applied to four American universities for postgraduate study as a Master candidate, and was accepted by all of them.) 2) vi. (usually followed by to) be pertinent or relevant * The 20% discount only applies to club members. 勤俭节约的原则适用于一切事业。 (= The principle of diligence and thrift applies to all undertakings.) 3) vt. put to or adapt for a special use * New technology is being applied to almost every industrial process. * We should learn to apply book knowledge to social practice. NB: apply v. 申请；应用 → application n. 申请；应用 → applicable adj. 适用的；可申请的 → applied adj. 应用的 7. adoption: n. adopt: vt. 1) take and use as one’s own; begin to have (a quality or appearance) * Their purpose is to influence government to adopt policies favorable to them. 这位历史老师决定采用讲故事的方法教学。 (= The history teacher decided to adopt the approach of story-telling in his teaching.) 2) take into one’s family through legal means and raise as one’s own child * Teenagers who discover they were adopted often search for their biological parents when they are old enough. NB: adopt, adapt 和 adept 这三个词形似，易混淆。 adopt 为动词，意为“采用、采纳、领养”； adapt 为动词，意为“调节、使适应”，常用于词组 adapt … to；