Unit 1 Book 1 g a Language Difficult Sentences 1. There is often a reference to william Shakespeare or Charles Dickens to encourage him even more. Who are"William Shakespeare"and"Charles Dickens"? Shakespeare is the world's most popular playwright while Dickens is the greatest English novelist of the 19th century. Why are they mentioned in the advertisements? The people who run the advertisements just want to use quotations to support their points 2. If it were as easy to learn English as they say, I would have to look for another job, because very few qualified teachers would be needed What is the author's profession? He must be an English teacher whose job is to train qualified English teachers . 3...., and it is no use pretending that anyone has discovered a perfect way of teaching English in every possible situation What are the meaning and the usage of the phrase"it is no use... " (=1) The phrase means“ it has no effect∴.” 2) Whenever we use this phrase we should always use the V-ing form after it. More examples It's no use complaining It's no use crying over spilt milk, -he's spent all the money, and there's nothing you can do about it Translate this part into Chinese (=而且也无需装模作样地声称有什么人已经找到了一个万能的适合所有学习环 境的教学方法。) 4. No doubt this is true to a certa in extent, but it is not very helpful to students What can we learn from the expression"This is true to a certain extent, We can see the author doesn't totally agree with the prev ious statement Then, what, in the author's opinion, is helpful to students? Students should have some good methods in learning English 5. Some students go to the opposite extreme and think they can teach
Unit 1 Book 1 Learning a Language Difficult Sentences 1. There is often a reference to William Shakespeare or Charles Dickens to encourage him even more. Who are “William Shakespeare” and “Charles Dickens”? (= Shakespeare is the world’s most popular playwright while Dickens is the greatest English novelist of the 19th century.) Why are they mentioned in the advertisements? (= The people who run the advertisements just want to use quotations to support their points.) 2. If it were as easy to learn English as they say, I would have to look for another job, because very few qualified teachers would be needed. What is the author’s profession? (= He must be an English teacher whose job is to train qualified English teachers.) 3. …, and it is no use pretending that anyone has discovered a perfect way of teaching English in every possible situation. What are the meaning and the usage of the phrase “it is no use …”? (= 1) The phrase means “it has no effect …”. 2) Whenever we use this phrase we should always use the V-ing form after it. More examples: * It’s no use complaining. * It’s no use crying over spilt milk, — he’s spent all the money, and there’s nothing you can do about it.) Translate this part into Chinese. (= 而且也无需装模作样地声称有什么人已经找到了一个万能的适合所有学习环 境的教学方法。) 4. No doubt this is true to a certain extent, but it is not very helpful to students. What can we learn from the expression “This is true to a certain extent, but …”? (= We can see the author doesn’t totally agree with the previous statement. Then, what, in the author’s opinion, is helpful to students? (= Students should have some good methods in learning English.) 5. Some students go to the opposite extreme and think they can teach
themselves at home with dictionaries What can we infer from the phrase"go to the opposite extreme"? From this phrase, we can see that the author doesnt think learning English by using dictionaries only is a good method, either 6. But it is wrong to assume that each word in English has a precise equivalent in another language and vice versa. Translate the sentence into chinese (=如果你认为英语中的每一个词在另一语言中都有完全对等的词(或反之亦 然),那就错了。) 7. If we were parrots or chimpanzees, these methods might be successful What can we infer from the sentence? The author uses subjunctive mood here to show he disagrees with behaviorists 8. Human beings, unlike parrots and chimpanzees, . can relate them to their own lives Why does the author compare human beings with parrots and chimpanzees? The author does so in order to te ll us human beings speak English because they are interested in it 9. It is worth remembering that language is a means of communication. Pay attention to the usage of the word"worth When we use this expression we should always use the v-ing form after the word“ worth”, never an infinitive More examples The book is worth reading/It's worth reading the book. Paraphrase the sentence It is likely to give a satisfactory or rewarding return for us to keep in mind that language is a way to communicate. 10. What they listen to and read cannot be a formula Translate the sentence into chinese (=人们所听所读的不应该是程式化的东西。) Words and Expressions 1. personal: adj. concerning, belonging to, or for the use of a particular person; private My personal view is that the students should be doing more work
themselves at home with dictionaries. What can we infer from the phrase “go to the opposite extreme”? (= From this phrase, we can see that the author doesn’t think learning English by using dictionaries only is a good method, either.) 6. But it is wrong to assume that each word in English has a precise equivalent in another language and vice versa. Translate the sentence into Chinese. (= 如果你认为英语中的每一个词在另一语言中都有完全对等的词（或反之亦 然），那就错了。) 7. If we were parrots or chimpanzees, these methods might be successful. What can we infer from the sentence? (= The author uses subjunctive mood here to show he disagrees with behaviorists.) 8. Human beings, unlike parrots and chimpanzees, … can relate them to their own lives. Why does the author compare human beings with parrots and chimpanzees? (= The author does so in order to tell us human beings speak English because they are interested in it.) 9. It is worth remembering that language is a means of communication. Pay attention to the usage of the word “worth”. (= When we use this expression we should always use the V-ing form after the word “worth”, never an infinitive. More examples: The book is worth reading/It’s worth reading the book. ) Paraphrase the sentence. (= It is likely to give a satisfactory or rewarding return for us to keep in mind that language is a way to communicate.) 10. What they listen to and read cannot be a formula. Translate the sentence into Chinese. (= 人们所听所读的不应该是程式化的东西。) Words and Expressions 1. personal: adj. concerning, belonging to, or for the use of a particular person; private * My personal view is that the students should be doing more work
outside the classroom When I went to her room all her personal belongings had gone. 2. advertisement: n. a picture, short film, song, etc. which tries to persuade people to buy a product or service a television/newspaper advertisement for a new car They put an advertisement in The Morning News, offering a high salary for the right person. The organizers of the concert had taken out a full page advertisement in The New york Times Collocation answer an advertisement应广告之聘 put an advertisement in/on在…做广告 run an advertisement做广告 buy things from/in advertisements购买广告上宣传的商品 3. claim: 1)vt state that sth is true, even though it has not been proved All parties have claimed success in yesterday' s elections. The company claims that their product "makes you thin without dieting”. 战斗结束后,双方均宜称获胜。 After the battle both sides claimed victory 2)n a statement that sth is true, even though it has not been proved They made claims they couldn't live up to 她对这块土地产权提出的要求最终得到法庭的认可。 Her claim to the ownership of the land was finally recognized by the 4. on one's part: of or by someone There has never been any jealousy on my part. 我从没有感到忌妒 It was probably just a mistake on her part. 5. fluently: adv. fluent: adj. [often used with in](of a person speaking, writing, or playing a musical instrument in an easy smooth manner The company will give priority to an applicant who is fluent in English He speaks fluent spanish 6. reference:n 1)a mention of sth Knowing what had happened, I avoided making any reference to weddings
outside the classroom. * When I went to her room all her personal belongings had gone. 2. advertisement: n. a picture, short film, song, etc. which tries to persuade people to buy a product or service * a television/newspaper advertisement for a new car * They put an advertisement in The Morning News, offering a high salary for the right person. * The organizers of the concert had taken out a full page advertisement in The New York Times. Collocation: answer an advertisement 应广告之聘 put an advertisement in/on 在……做广告 run an advertisement 做广告 buy things from/in advertisements 购买广告上宣传的商品 3. claim: 1) vt. state that sth. is true, even though it has not been proved * All parties have claimed success in yesterday’s elections. * The company claims that their product “makes you thin without dieting”. 战斗结束后, 双方均宣称获胜。 (= After the battle both sides claimed victory.) 2) n. a statement that sth. is true, even though it has not been proved * They made claims they couldn’t live up to. 她对这块土地产权提出的要求最终得到法庭的认可。 (= Her claim to the ownership of the land was finally recognized by the court.) 4. on one’s part: of or by someone * There has never been any jealousy on my part. (= 我从没有感到忌妒。) * It was probably just a mistake on her part. 5. fluently: adv. fluent: adj. [often used with in] (of a person) speaking, writing, or playing a musical instrument in an easy smooth manner * The company will give priority to an applicant who is fluent in English. * He speaks fluent Spanish. 6. reference: n. 1) a mention of sth. * Knowing what had happened, I avoided making any reference to weddings
他最近出的书中提到了中东问题 His recent book makes references to the issue of the Mideast. 2 sth. that shows you where else to look for information, for example the page number of another place in a book Make a note of the reference number shown on the form 3 the act of looking at sth. for information Use the dictionary for easy reference Keep their price list for further reference. Collocation: a reference book参考书,工具书 a reference library(不外借书的)参考书阅览室 for reference作参考 in/with reference to关于 7. efficiently: adv. efficient: adj. working well, quickly, and without waste an efficient secretary (=能干的秘书 an efficient heating system 高效能的供暖系统) CF: efficient effective 这两个形容词均有“有效的”之意 efficient指积极有效,效率高,效果好,节省精力。指人时,强调其能干、熟 练的技巧。 effective强调产生实际的效果、效力或具有取得预期效果的能力,指人指物都 适用。 Directions: Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form where necessary 1)The local government has taken some measures to reduce unemployment. effective) 2)We need someone really who can organize the office and make it run smoothly. efficient) 3)The city's transport system is one of the most in Europe. efficient) 4)An teacher will always produce better exam results. effective) 8. argue 1)v. disagree with someone in words, often in an angry way 我们听到邻居正在争吵。 (We could hear the neighbors arguing They 're always arguing aboutlover money. 2)v give the reasons for one' s opinion, idea, belief, etc. The lawyers argued the case for hours. Baker argued against cutting the military budget
他最近出的书中提到了中东问题。 (= His recent book makes references to the issue of the Mideast.) 2) sth. that shows you where else to look for information, for example the page number of another place in a book * Make a note of the reference number shown on the form. 3) the act of looking at sth. for information * Use the dictionary for easy reference. * Keep their price list for further reference. Collocation: a reference book 参考书，工具书 a reference library（不外借书的）参考书阅览室 for reference 作参考 in/with reference to 关于 7. efficiently: adv. efficient: adj. working well, quickly, and without waste * an efficient secretary (= 能干的秘书) * an efficient heating system (= 高效能的供暖系统) CF: efficient & effective 这两个形容词均有“有效的”之意。 efficient 指积极有效，效率高，效果好，节省精力。指人时，强调其能干、熟 练的技巧。 effective 强调产生实际的效果、效力或具有取得预期效果的能力，指人指物都 适用。 Directions: Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form where necessary. 1) The local government has taken some _____ measures to reduce unemployment. (=effective) 2) We need someone really ______ who can organize the office and make it run smoothly. (=efficient) 3) The city’s transport system is one of the most ____ in Europe. (= efficient) 4) An ____ teacher will always produce better exam results. (=effective) 8. argue: 1) vi. disagree with someone in words, often in an angry way 我们听到邻居正在争吵。 (= We could hear the neighbors arguing.) * They’re always arguing about/over money. 2) v. give the reasons for one’s opinion, idea, belief, etc. * The lawyers argued the case for hours. * Baker argued against cutting the military budget
Collocation argue down驳倒 They argued him down fiercely.他们狠狠地驳得他哑口无言。 argue out辨论清楚 The teacher and his class argued the whole matter out..老师和学生透彻 地论证了这个问题。 argue the toss反对某项已成定局的决定 Let's not argue the toss- we have to accept his choice.我们不必争论 已经决定的事—只好听他的 9. individual 1)n a single person or thing, especially when compared to the group or set to which they belong 每一个人都有永远不可剥夺的权利 Every individual has rights which must never be taken away. ① single; separate Each individual person is responsible for his own arrangements 2 of or for one person; by or from one person food served in individual portions (=按一人一份供给的食物) an individual effort/contribution (=个人的努力/贡献 10. personality: n 1)the whole nature or character of a particular person Everyone loves her for her cheerful personality. 他是个个性很强的有抱负的人。 He was an ambitious man with a strong personality. 2) a famous person personalities from the film world (=影界名流) 费德勒是网球界最著名的人物之 Roger Federer is one of the best-known personalities in the world of tennis CF: personality, character, nature& temper 这些名词均有“性格、气质、性情、习性”之意 personality主要指一个人稳定的心理特征。例如: Though their personalities differed, they got along as friends. 虽然他们性格迥异,但却相处友好。 character指对个性或人格所作出的客观评价,常常与道德有关。例如: * What does her handwriting tell you about her character?你从她的书法 中看出她有什么样的个性? nature指天生的、不可改变的性格。例如:
Collocation: argue down 驳倒 * They argued him down fiercely. 他们狠狠地驳得他哑口无言。 argue out 辩论清楚 * The teacher and his class argued the whole matter out. 老师和学生透彻 地论证了这个问题。 argue the toss 反对某项已成定局的决定 * Let’s not argue the toss — we have to accept his choice. 我们不必争论 已经决定的事——只好听他的。 9. individual: 1) n. a single person or thing, especially when compared to the group or set to which they belong 每一个人都有永远不可剥夺的权利。 (= Every individual has rights which must never be taken away.) 2) adj. ① single; separate * Each individual person is responsible for his own arrangements. ② of or for one person; by or from one person * food served in individual portions (= 按一人一份供给的食物) * an individual effort/contribution (= 个人的努力/贡献) 10. personality: n. 1) the whole nature or character of a particular person * Everyone loves her for her cheerful personality. 他是个个性很强的有抱负的人。 (= He was an ambitious man with a strong personality.) 2) a famous person * personalities from the film world (= 影界名流) 费德勒是网球界最著名的人物之一。 (= Roger Federer is one of the best-known personalities in the world of tennis.) CF: personality, character, nature & temper 这些名词均有“性格、气质、性情、习性”之意。 personality 主要指一个人稳定的心理特征。例如： * Though their personalities differed, they got along as friends. 虽然他们性格迥异，但却相处友好。 character 指对个性或人格所作出的客观评价，常常与道德有关。例如： * What does her handwriting tell you about her character? 你从她的书法 中看出她有什么样的个性？ nature 指天生的、不可改变的性格。例如：