Unit 4 Book 2 Optimistic and Positive Thinking ###1. Difficult Sentences 1.( Para. 1)There seems to be a natural cause-and-effect relationship between optimism and success Can you analyze the cause-and-effect relationship between optimism nd succes If you expect good things to happen, they usually do. 2.(Para. 2)Optimism and pessimism are with powerful forces, and each of us must choose which we want, so as to shape our outlook and our expectations Why should each of us choose between optimism and pessimism to shape our outlook and our expectations? (Because there is enough good and bad in everyone's life, which serves as a rational basis for us to choose either optimism or pessimIsm (Para. 2) There is enough good and bad in everyone's life-ample sorrow and happiness, sufficient joy and pain to find a rationa basis for either optimism or pessimism. Translate this sentence into chinese (=每个人的生命中都有足够的幸运与不幸—丰富的哀伤和喜悦、充足的欢 欣与痛苦—令我们找到或乐观或悲观的理由。) 4.(Para. 3)I choose to highlight the positive and slip right over the What can we infer from this sentence? (The author chooses to be an optimist rather than a pessimist 5. (Para. 3)But when all is said and done, I find that the good in life is far greater and more important than the bad What is the implied meaning of this sentence? (Having experienced so many difficulties and crises, the author believes that the good in life is far greater and more important than the bad Translate this sentence into chinese (=但是,当一切尘埃落定,我发现生命中的美好远比丑恶多。)
1 Unit 4 Book 2 Optimistic and Positive Thinking ##1. Difficult Sentences 1. (Para. 1) There seems to be a natural cause-and-effect relationship between optimism and success. Can you analyze the cause-and-effect relationship between optimism and success? (=If you expect good things to happen, they usually do.) 2. (Para. 2) Optimism and pessimism are with powerful forces, and each of us must choose which we want, so as to shape our outlook and our expectations. Why should each of us choose between optimism and pessimism to shape our outlook and our expectations? (=Because there is enough good and bad in everyone’s life, which serves as a rational basis for us to choose either optimism or pessimism.) 3. (Para. 2) There is enough good and bad in everyone’s life — ample sorrow and happiness, sufficient joy and pain — to find a rational basis for either optimism or pessimism. Translate this sentence into Chinese. (=每个人的生命中都有足够的幸运与不幸——丰富的哀伤和喜悦、充足的欢 欣与痛苦——令我们找到或乐观或悲观的理由。) 4. (Para. 3) I choose to highlight the positive and slip right over the negative. What can we infer from this sentence? (=The author chooses to be an optimist rather than a pessimist.) 5. (Para. 3) But when all is said and done, I find that the good in life is far greater and more important than the bad. What is the implied meaning of this sentence? (=Having experienced so many difficulties and crises, the author believes that the good in life is far greater and more important than the bad.) Translate this sentence into Chinese. （=但是，当一切尘埃落定，我发现生命中的美好远比丑恶多。）
6.(Para. 4)Conversely, negative thoughts, attitudes, and expectations feed on themselves; they become a self-fulfilling prophecy. Why does the author say negative thoughts, attitudes, and expectations become a self-fulfilling prophecy? (There seems to be a natural cause-and-effect relationship between pessimism and failure. If you expect something to turn out bad, it probably will) Translate this sentence into chinese (=反过来,悲观的想法、态度和期待也会自成因果:它们是能自我实现的预 言。) 7.(Para. 5) That seemed like an odd question, but I fe It fine and told him SO What is the implied meaning of this sentence? (The author was feeling great on that beautiful day. Although he was a bit surprised to hear the attendants question, he still tells him the fact 8.(Para. 9 )Optimism doesn't need to be naive What does this sentence imply? (To be optimistic doesn't mean to be simple-minded or happy blindly 9.(Para. 10) Optimism draws our attention away from negativism and channels it into positive, constructive thinking Paraphrase this sentence. lf we take an optimistic attitude towards life, we will look on positive side of the situation and gradually cultivate a positive constructive way of thinking. Translate this sentence into chinese (=乐观精神使我们的注意力从消极的否定态度转向积极的、建设性的思考。) 2. Words and Expressions 1. in reverse: in the opposite way to normal or to the previous situation Us video recorders cannot play European tapes, and the same applies in revers
2 6. (Para. 4) Conversely, negative thoughts, attitudes, and expectations feed on themselves; they become a self-fulfilling prophecy. Why does the author say negative thoughts, attitudes, and expectations become a self-fulfilling prophecy? (=There seems to be a natural cause-and-effect relationship between pessimism and failure. If you expect something to turn out bad, it probably will.) Translate this sentence into Chinese. (=反过来，悲观的想法、态度和期待也会自成因果：它们是能自我实现的预 言。) 7. (Para. 5) That seemed like an odd question, but I felt fine and told him so. What is the implied meaning of this sentence? (=The author was feeling great on that beautiful day. Although he was a bit surprised to hear the attendant’s question, he still tells him the fact. ) 8. (Para. 9) Optimism doesn’t need to be naive. What does this sentence imply? (=To be optimistic doesn’t mean to be simple-minded or happy blindly.) 9. (Para. 10) Optimism draws our attention away from negativism and channels it into positive, constructive thinking. Paraphrase this sentence. (=If we take an optimistic attitude towards life, we will look on the positive side of the situation and gradually cultivate a positive and constructive way of thinking. ) Translate this sentence into Chinese. (=乐观精神使我们的注意力从消极的否定态度转向积极的、建设性的思考。) 2. Words and Expressions 1. in reverse: in the opposite way to normal or to the previous situation US video recorders cannot play European tapes, and the same applies in reverse
2.(Para. 2)shape: V ) influence sth. such as a belief, opinion, etc and make it develop in a particular way People's political beliefs are shaped by what they see in the papers It is true that a people's character is, to a great extent, shaped by the environment they live in 2)make sth. have a particular shape, especially by pressing it (插入图片 bird nest The bird shaped its nest from mud and sticks Children shaped the sand into a mound on the beach (插入声音文件shap (We watched in amazement as she shaped the clay into a pot 3.(Para. 2) ample: adj 1)more than enough There is an ample supply of consumer goods. The director of the company receives an ample salary. 2)(literary)large in a way that is attractive or pleasant 他胸怀广阔。 (He's got an ample bosom 4.(Para. 2)bless: v. ask God to protect sb. or sth. have a special ability, good quality, etc. (插入图片 Jesus) They brought the children to Jesus and he blessed them We were both blessed with good health (插入声音文件) (In some countries, the priest blesses the fields before seed is sown 愿上帝保佑你。 ( May God bless you. Pattern be blessed with sth NB.注意该词的词性变化,它的名词与形容词分别为: blessing和 blessed 5.(Para. 2)curse 1)say or think bad things about sb or sth because they have made you angry He cursed (at) his bad luck. She cursed him for ruining her life 2) Gilbert was cursing under his breath
3 2. (Para.2) shape: v. 1) influence sth. such as a belief, opinion, etc. and make it develop in a particular way People’s political beliefs are shaped by what they see in the papers. It is true that a people’s character is, to a great extent, shaped by the environment they live in. 2) make sth. have a particular shape, especially by pressing it （插入图片 bird nest） The bird shaped its nest from mud and sticks. Children shaped the sand into a mound on the beach. (插入声音文件 shape) (=We watched in amazement as she shaped the clay into a pot.) 3. (Para. 2) ample: adj. 1) more than enough There is an ample supply of consumer goods. The director of the company receives an ample salary. 2) (literary) large in a way that is attractive or pleasant 他胸怀广阔。 (=He’s got an ample bosom.) 4. (Para. 2) bless: v. ask God to protect sb. or sth.; have a special ability, good quality, etc. （插入图片 Jesus） They brought the children to Jesus and he blessed them. We were both blessed with good health. （插入声音文件） (=In some countries, the priest blesses the fields before seed is sown.) 愿上帝保佑你。 (=May God bless you.) Pattern: be blessed with sth. N.B. 注意该词的词性变化，它的名词与形容词分别为：blessing 和 blessed。 5. (Para. 2) curse: 1. v. 1) say or think bad things about sb. or sth. because they have made you angry He cursed (at) his bad luck. She cursed him for ruining her life. 2) swear Gilbert was cursing under his breath
1)a swear word or words that you say because you are very angry He muttered a curse under his breath 2 sth. that causes trouble, harm, etc (插入图片mice) Mice are a curse in the country. Gamb ling is often a curse 他的财富最后害了他。 (His wealth proved a curse to him 6.(Para. 2) perspective: n 1)a way of thinking about sth, especially one which is influenced by the ty pe of person you are or by your experiences You have the wrong perspective on that situation He views every thing from a political perspective. (插入声音文件) (The death of his father eight months ago has given him a new perspective on life 2 a sensible way of judging and comparing situations so that you do not imagine that sth is more serious than it really is She was under such stress that she lost all sense of perspective We must keep a sense of perspective about what he's done 7.(Para. 2) view: V. 1)think about sth or sb. in a particular way i view his action as a breach of trust 2)look at sth especially because it is beautiful or you are interested in it The mountain is best viewed from the north side Collocations view sth as sth view sth. from sth 8.(Para.3 highlight: v. make a problem or subject easy to notice so that people pay attention to it The report highlights the problems of the unemployed (插入声音文件 highlight) (I would like to highlight three challenges in the process of the development of cultural traditions
4 2. n. 1) a swear word or words that you say because you are very angry He muttered a curse under his breath. 2) sth. that causes trouble, harm, etc. （插入图片 mice） Mice are a curse in the country. Gambling is often a curse. 他的财富最后害了他。 (=His wealth proved a curse to him.) 6. (Para. 2) perspective: n. 1) a way of thinking about sth., especially one which is influenced by the type of person you are or by your experiences You have the wrong perspective on that situation. He views everything from a political perspective. （插入声音文件） (=The death of his father eight months ago has given him a new perspective on life.) 2) a sensible way of judging and comparing situations so that you do not imagine that sth. is more serious than it really is She was under such stress that she lost all sense of perspective. We must keep a sense of perspective about what he’s done. 7. (Para. 2) view: v. 1) think about sth. or sb. in a particular way I view his action as a breach of trust. 2) look at sth., especially because it is beautiful or you are interested in it The mountain is best viewed from the north side. Collocations: view sth. as sth. view sth. from sth. 8. (Para.3) highlight: 1. v. make a problem or subject easy to notice so that people pay attention to it The report highlights the problems of the unemployed. （插入声音文件 highlight） (= I would like to highlight three challenges in the process of the development of cultural traditions. )
2. n. the most important, interesting, or enjoyable part of sth. such as a holiday, performance, or sports competition The highlights of the match will be shown on TV tonight, David Beckham viewed that season as the highlight of his career. 她的表演是那场演出中最精彩的部分 (Her performance was the highlight of the show. 9.(Para.3)live through: experience difficult or dangerous conditions He has lived through two wars and three revolutions The general has lived through more than five times of murdering 10.(Para. 4)conversely: adv. used when one situation is the opposite of another You can add the fluid to the powder or, conversely, the powder to the American consumers prefer white eggs; conversely, British buyers like brown eggs 11.(Para. 4)feed on / upon: if a feeling or process feeds on sth, it becomes stronger because of it; if an animal feeds on a particular food, it usually eats that food Birds feed on seeds and berries (插入图片cale Cattle feed chiefly on grass Hatred feeds on envy. (=因妒生恨。) CF: feed, nourish, nurture& supply 这些动词均含有“供养、提供、抚养”之意 feed普通用词,含义广泛。既可指给人或动物提供食物,又可指给植物以养料 或为机器等加燃料等 nourish指提供生长、健康或维持生存所必需的食物或养料,尤指用促进生长的 营养品。句中事物名称往往做该动词的主语 nurture表示在幼儿、幼苗的成长过程中予以细心的照料、保护或者可以指帶助 计划、想法、感情等发展。 supply表示提供所需物品。 (Directions: )Fill in the blanks with the four words above. Change the form where necessary. 1. Milk, eggs, and meat the bodies of growing boys and girls (= h) 2. It is mother 's duty to her children. nurture)
5 2. n. the most important, interesting, or enjoyable part of sth. such as a holiday, performance, or sports competition The highlights of the match will be shown on TV tonight, David Beckham viewed that season as the highlight of his career. 她的表演是那场演出中最精彩的部分。 (=Her performance was the highlight of the show. ) 9. (Para.3) live through: experience difficult or dangerous conditions He has lived through two wars and three revolutions. The general has lived through more than five times of murdering. 10. (Para. 4) conversely: adv. used when one situation is the opposite of another You can add the fluid to the powder or, conversely, the powder to the fluid. American consumers prefer white eggs; conversely, British buyers like brown eggs. 11. (Para. 4) feed on / upon: if a feeling or process feeds on sth., it becomes stronger because of it; if an animal feeds on a particular food, it usually eats that food Birds feed on seeds and berries. （插入图片 cattle） Cattle feed chiefly on grass. Hatred feeds on envy. (=因妒生恨。) CF: feed, nourish, nurture & supply 这些动词均含有“供养、提供、抚养”之意 feed 普通用词，含义广泛。既可指给人或动物提供食物，又可指给植物以养料 或为机器等加燃料等。 nourish 指提供生长、健康或维持生存所必需的食物或养料，尤指用促进生长的 营养品。句中事物名称往往做该动词的主语。 nurture 表示在幼儿、幼苗的成长过程中予以细心的照料、保护或者可以指帮助 计划、想法、感情等发展。 supply 表示提供所需物品。 (Directions:) Fill in the blanks with the four words above. Change the form where necessary. 1. Milk, eggs, and meat _______ the bodies of growing boys and girls. (=nourish) 2. It is mother’s duty to _______ her children. (=nurture)