Thermodynamics e Standard -state conditions (标准状态) ●△G0=△H-T△S0 △F—焓变;△S0—熵变 e Nonstandard- state conditions ●(非标准状态) ●△G=△H-T△S
Thermodynamics Standard - state conditions: （标准状态） △G 0 = △H 0 - T△S 0 △H 0——焓变； △S 0 ——熵变 Nonstandard - state conditions: （非标准状态） △G = △H - T△S
Thermodynamics △H0 Enthalpy 焓) change e When AHO is negative, the reaction releases heat and is exothermic(放热的).When△H is positive, the reaction absorbs heat and is enderthermic(吸热的)
Thermodynamics △H 0 --- Enthalpy（焓）change When △H 0 is negative, the reaction releases heat and is exothermic（放热的）. When △H 0 is positive, the reaction absorbs heat and is enderthermic（吸热的）
Thermodynamics △S0- Entropy(熵) change sThe change in molecular disorder(无序程度) during a reaction o When ASo is negative, disorder decreases; when Aso is positive disorder increases
Thermodynamics △S 0 --- Entropy（熵）change The change in molecular disorder（无序程度） during a reaction When △S 0 is negative, disorder decreases; when △S 0 is positive, disorder increases
Thermodynamics ./Bond Dissociation Energy(D) (键的裂解能) O- defined as the amount of energy required to break a given bond to produce two radical fragments when the molecule is in gas phase at 25C. A: B A.+.B
Thermodynamics Bond Dissociation Energy (D) （键的裂解能） ---- defined as the amount of energy required to break a given bond to produce two radical fragments when the molecule is in gas phase at 250C. A:B A. + . B
Thermodynamics 已知键的裂解能,焓变是可以计算的 通过焓变可以粗略估计反应在能量上是否有利 ●但是熵变较难计算 另一个困难是多数有机反应在溶液中进行,存 在溶剂化作用,增加了计算难度 热力学能告诉我们反应是否能进行,却不能预 计反应的速度如何?也不能告诉我们反应的具 体进程是怎样的
Thermodynamics 已知键的裂解能，焓变是可以计算的 通过焓变可以粗略估计反应在能量上是否有利 但是熵变较难计算 另一个困难是多数有机反应在溶液中进行，存 在溶剂化作用，增加了计算难度 热力学能告诉我们反应是否能进行，却不能预 计反应的速度如何？也不能告诉我们反应的具 体进程是怎样的