甘油酯 Glycerides 3. Properties 皂化( Saponification) CH2-OH H2C-0-C-(CH2)16CH3 CH-oh glycerol CH2-OH heat HC-O-C-(CH216 CH3 3NaOH HO H2C-0-C-(CH2)16CH3 3Na0-C-(CH2)16CH3 tristearin a fat sodium stearate, a soap
一、甘油酯 Glycerides 3. Properties z 皂化 (Saponification) C O (CH2)16CH3 C O (CH2)16CH3 C O (CH2)16CH3 tristearin, a fat heat H2O CH2 CH OH OH CH2 OH glycerol + O C O (CH2)16CH3 sodium stearate, a soap + 3Na+ O O O H2C HC H2C 3NaOH
肥皂的作用原理 COO hydrophilic -OOC COO drophilic COO COO -OOC cO0- COO COO coo- hydrophobic region grease COO CO0- OoC cOO 000 00C cOo hydrophilic ●缺点:酸渣,硬水渣 合成去污剂( synthetic detergen)
肥皂的作用原理 z 缺点：酸渣，硬水渣 z 合成去污剂 （synthetic detergent)
、磷脂 Phospholipids 最重要的是磷酸甘油酯 (phosphoglycerides) 磷酸甘油酯=甘油+脂肪酸十磷酸十其他 ●是一两性分子,形成脂双层( lipid bilayer) 生物膜的主要构成成分
二、磷脂 Phospholipids z 最重要的是磷酸甘油酯 (phosphoglycerides) z 磷酸甘油酯 ＝ 甘油＋脂肪酸＋磷酸＋其他 z 是一两性分子，形成脂双层（lipid bilayer) z 生物膜的主要构成成分
1 Structure CH,O-C-R 2CH0-C-R2 R confiquration CH2O-P-OH phosphatidic acid nonpolar CH20-C-R1= hydrocarbon tals 2H 2-C-0-CH CH2OFP-O ionized form polar head polar head
1. Structure 1CH2O C O R1 2CHO C O R2 3CH2O P OH O O phosphatidic acid R configuration 2H CH2O C O R1 CH CH2O C O O R2 P O O O ionized form + = nonpolar hydrocarbon tails polar head polar head
2. Lipid bilayer CH2O—C CHO→C cholesterol CH,O-P-O(CH,)NH molecule nonpolar fatty acid chains CH3 HO H2C O CH3 a-tocopherol vitamin E
2. Lipid bilayer