x)The moral of this story is that honesty is always the best policy. 这个故事的寓意是诚实总是上策。 y) duty totell the what she knows 把她所知道的告诉警察是她道义上的责任。 2.Match the synonyms and antonyms in column B with those in column A. .minority majority fruitful富有成效的)abun scarce scanty(缺乏 "curriculum(全部的课程)course(series of lessons and lectures,subject(学科) *worthwhile worthy of.worth doing sth .outset beginning start jail pris .Homework:a leamn the new words and expressions of the text by heart b.go over the text and write down the difficult points Step 2:Reading-Centred Activities (2 hours) LAim:global understanding ofthe text and active acquisition of the language points II.Global Reading Task: Talk about the main idea of the text in groups and answer the following questions(see exercise 2) Question and answer technique prov la tionship betw the parts is be out by question and answers.While reading the passage,the readers would naturally ask themselves som questions as a way of predicting what is to follow.If what follows is just the answer to the question in the readers'mind,then comprehension continues.If what follows is not the answer to the question in the readers'mind,the readers would look in some other directions to put in the right question to match what follows.This isa very important techniq of reading onor bringing out the relationship between the paragraphs For example If the readers come across an article which starts with Mr.Williams was brought into court today Then the readers would naturally ask Why was Mr williams brought into court? Or who/what is Mr.Willia Or why was it today that Mr.Williams was brought into court?. If what follows answers one of the questions in the readers'mind.then comprehension continues.If not,the readers would correct their expectations and insert some other questions to match the development of the article. Now let's examine the text structure of Reading Passage A ina way of questions and answers. The essay is made up of 4 parts with each part answering one question. Part 1:When we come up to the article,we read the title-Where Principles Come First
11 x) The moral of this story is that honesty is always the best policy. 这个故事的寓意是诚实总是上策。 y) It's her moral duty to tell the police what she knows. 把她所知道的告诉警察是她道义上的责任。 2. Match the synonyms and antonyms in column B with those in column A. •minority majority •energetic enthusiastic optimistic pessimistic •fruitful(富有成效的) abundant(充裕的) ample(充足的) fertile(富饶的,肥沃的) enough sufficient scarce scanty(缺乏的) sparse(稀少的，稀疏的) rare(稀罕的，珍贵的) •curriculum（全部的课程） course (series of lessons and lectures), subject（学科） •worthwhile worthy of, worth doing sth •outset beginning start •jail prison 3. Homework: a. learn the new words and expressions of the text by heart. b. go over the text and write down the difficult points. Step 2: Reading-Centred Activities (2 hours) I. Aim: global understanding of the text and active acquisition of the language points II. Global Reading Task: ◼ Talk about the main idea of the text in groups and answer the following questions (see exercise 2). ◼ Question and answer technique The passage looks like a report, which tries to explain some ideas, report some events and prove some conclusions. The relationship between the parts is best brought out by questions and answers. While reading the passage, the readers would naturally ask themselves some questions as a way of predicting what is to follow. If what follows is just the answer to the question in the readers’ mind, then comprehension continues. If what follows is not the answer to the question in the readers’ mind, the readers would look in some other directions to put in the right question to match what follows. This is a very important technique of reading comprehension or bringing out the relationship between the paragraphs. For example: If the readers come across an article which starts with: Mr. Williams was brought into court today. Then the readers would naturally ask: Why was Mr. Williams brought into court? Or who/what is Mr. Williams? Or why was it today that Mr. Williams was brought into court?. If what follows answers one of the questions in the readers’ mind, then comprehension continues. If not, the readers would correct their expectations and insert some other questions to match the development of the article. Now let’s examine the text structure of Reading Passage A in a way of questions and answers. The essay is made up of 4 parts with each part answering one question. ◼ Part 1: When we come up to the article, we read the title — Where Principles Come First
This naturally brings us the question:What are the principles?Part 1 is made up of 2 Part 2:Since the principles of the Hyde School are somewhat different from other schools,the readers would wonder whether the principles are accepted by other schools.When we read on we find the author tries to answer the question in Paragraphs3to 11.Paragraph3 is about one example ofhow the Hyde School principles were rejected by one public school with the smade us From Paragraph4 toParagraph 11 there is another exampl of how the Hyde School principles ere appreciated by another publieschoo ◆ Part 3:Since the Hyde School principles have been rejected as well as appreciated,we would be wondering what the detailed principles or approaches are for the Hyde School.This brings in for us Part 3.Part 3 consists of 5 paragraphs.from Paragraph 12 to Paragraph 16.Paragraph 12 isabout some principles for the Hyde School:every student with a unique potential based on character,high valueo of hard work,uc cess measured by progress or development,and students taking responsibilities for each other.Paragraph 13 is about what is provided by the Hyde School.The Hyde School is different from other schools in additional requirements like arts,sports,and community service.And the grading system includes the fact as to how hard the students have tried in their studies.Paragraph 14to another important the Hyde School:parents Paragraph 14 is about what have been required of parents Paragraph 15 isabout how th requirements work in some other schools and how some parents reject the principle.But Paragraph 16 tells us that once the parents realize the importance of their participation,the Hyde School's program should work well in public schools. 2. Part 4:Now that we clear about the Hyde School'sprinciples the acceptability of the principle to public schools would arally ask the que Are these principles good or beneficial to the teachers as well as the students?Part 4 consists of paragraphs:Paragraph 17 tells us how the principles prove to be beneficial to the teachers and apstell us one example ofhow sefu the principlesare to the sde guage points and som 1 The clas may gin with the st text The stu may put forward some difficult points about the text and ask some other students to answer them by analyzing,paraphrasing and translating.If the students'answer are not satisfactory the teacher may add his/her opinion When the students have no questions the teacher may lead the attention up to the points the tudents ma ignore ot understand by asking some ther Points that should be solved in c The Hyde School operates on the principle that.(Para.1)Meaning:The Hyde School is run on the principle that 2.tuth,cora integrity,leadership,curiosity and coner(Para.1)These words are the bases of the Hyd riculum established by Joseph Gauld.See Note 1,Background 3.thenacademic achievement naturally follows (Para.1)Meaning:then the students wil naturally make their academic achievements. 4.Hyde School founder Joseph Gauld claims success with the program at the 518,000-a-year high school in Bath,Maine,which has received considerable publicity for its work with
12 This naturally brings us the question: What are the principles? Part 1 is made up of 2 paragraphs: Paragraph 1 and Paragraph 2 telling us the principles of the Hyde School. ◼ Part 2: Since the principles of the Hyde School are somewhat different from other schools, the readers would wonder whether the principles are accepted by other schools. When we read on, we find the author tries to answer the question in Paragraphs 3 to 11. Paragraph 3 is about one example of how the Hyde School principles were rejected by one public school with the reasons made clear to us. From Paragraph 4 to Paragraph 11 there is another example of how the Hyde School principles were appreciated by another public school. ◼ Part 3: Since the Hyde School principles have been rejected as well as appreciated, we would be wondering what the detailed principles or approaches are for the Hyde School. This brings in for us Part 3. Part 3 consists of 5 paragraphs, from Paragraph 12 to Paragraph 16. Paragraph 12 is about some principles for the Hyde School: every student with a unique potential based on character, high value of hard work, success measured by progress or development, and students taking responsibilities for each other. Paragraph 13 is about what is provided by the Hyde School. The Hyde School is different from other schools in additional requirements like arts, sports, and community service. And the grading system includes the fact as to how hard the students have tried in their studies. Paragraph 14 to Paragraph 16 is about another important requirement from the Hyde School: parents’ commitment and participation in the program. Paragraph 14 is about what have been required of parents. Paragraph 15 is about how the requirements work in some other schools and how some parents reject the principle. But Paragraph 16 tells us that once the parents realize the importance of their participation, the Hyde School’s program should work well in public schools. 2. Part 4: Now that we are clear about the Hyde School’s principles, the acceptability of the principles to public schools and what the school’s detailed principles are, we would naturally ask the question: Are these principles good or beneficial to the teachers as well as the students? Part 4 consists of 4 paragraphs: Paragraph 17 tells us how the principles prove to be beneficial to the teachers and Paragraphs 18 to 20 tell us one example of how successful the principles are to the students. Step Three. Detailed Reading Task: Language points and some expressions to be explained 1. The class may begin with the students’ questions about the text. The students may put forward some difficult points about the text and ask some other students to answer them by analyzing, paraphrasing and translating. If the students’ answer are not satisfactory the teacher may add his/her opinion 2. When the students have no questions the teacher may lead the attention up to the points the students may ignore or may not understand by asking some other questions about the text. Points that should be solved in class: 1. The Hyde School operates on the principle that . (Para. 1) Meaning: The Hyde School is run on the principle that . 2. .truth, courage, integrity, leadership, curiosity and concern. (Para. 1) These words are the bases of the Hyde curriculum established by Joseph Gauld. See Note 1, Background Information. 3. .then academic achievement naturally follows. (Para. 1) Meaning: . then the students will naturally make their academic achievements. 4. Hyde School founder Joseph Gauld claims success with the program at the $18,000-a-year high school in Bath, Maine, which has received considerable publicity for its work with
troubled youngsters.(Para.1)Meaning:Joseph Gauld,the founder of the Hyde School. declares that the prog sa四in ath Maine news media because of its successful work with troubled students 5.the S18,000-a-vear high school.(Para.1)Meaning:.the high school which charges a student $18,000 per year. 6.We don't see ourselves asa school fora type of kid,.(Para.2)Meaning:In our opinion,our hool isnota schoo for type of students .as:consider sb.or sth.to b the new the hope of the 你认为新领导是公司的希望吗？ 7.We see ourselves as preparing kids for a way of life-by cultivating a comprehensive set of principles that cfeall kids.(Para.2)Meaning We think our duty is toprepare udents for a way of life-by teaching them acomplete set of principles that can influenc all students 8.by cultivating a comprehensive set of principles that can affect all kids.(Para.2) comprehensive:a.including everything or nearly everything.The store offersa comprehensive range of kitchen equipment.这家商店卖的厨房用具很齐全。Compare, rehensible:easy to understand:The book is written inclear,comprehensible language Now,Joe Gauld is trying to spread his controversial Character First idea to public inner-city schools willing to use the tax dollars spent on the traditional program for the new approach.(Para.3)Meaning:Now Joe Gauld is trying to spread his idea that character comes first-an idea that has caused much public discussion and disagreement-to whichused to d the tax dollar program but nov are willing to spend the money on the new program 9.inner-city schools willing to use the tax dollars spent on the traditional program for the new approach.(Para.3)inner city:the usually older,central part of a city,especially when characterized by crowded neighborhoods in which low-income.often minority groups redominate.Inner-ity schools are usually believed to have a omparatively inferio education system.旧城区学校（常被认为教育质量低劣） 10. Within months the program was suspended.(Para.3)Meaning:Within months the program stopped. 11 Teachers protested the program's demands and the strain associated with more intense work(Para.)Meaning:Teachers sad they didn't like the program's demands(whichare probably to)and came protest:v.express one's disagreement,feeling of unfairness,annoyance,etc Please notice that in American English"protest"is used without a preposition They protested the government's handling of the situation. 他们反对政府处理局势的手法。 y's decision to lay off so many workers 司如此大规模的裁员决议 Compare: The students have been protesting against the government's decision.学生们一直在抗议 政府的决定。 13
13 troubled youngsters. (Para. 1) Meaning: Joseph Gauld, the founder of the Hyde School, declares that the program at the high school in Bath, Maine is successful. The school, which charges a student $18,000 per year, has drawn considerable attention from the public and news media because of its successful work with troubled students. 5. .the $18,000-a-year high school. (Para. 1) Meaning: . the high school which charges a student $18,000 per year. 6. We don't see ourselves as a school for a type of kid, . (Para. 2) Meaning: In our opinion, our school is not a school for a particular type of students, .see . as: consider sb. or sth. to be Do you see the new leader as the hope of the company? 你认为新领导是公司的希望吗？ 7. We see ourselves as preparing kids for a way of life — by cultivating a comprehensive set of principles that can affect all kids. (Para. 2) Meaning: We think our duty is to prepare students for a way of life — by teaching them a complete set of principles that can influence all students. 8. .by cultivating a comprehensive set of principles that can affect all kids. (Para. 2) comprehensive: a. including everything or nearly everything, The store offers a comprehensive range of kitchen equipment. 这家商店卖的厨房用具很齐全。Compare; comprehensible: easy to understand : The book is written in clear, comprehensible language. 这本书写得明了易懂。 Now, Joe Gauld is trying to spread his controversial Character First idea to public, inner-city schools willing to use the tax dollars spent on the traditional program for the new approach. (Para. 3) Meaning: Now Joe Gauld is trying to spread his idea that character comes first —an idea that has caused much public discussion and disagreement — to inner-city public schools which used to spend the tax dollars on a traditional program but now are willing to spend the money on the new program. 9. .inner-city schools willing to use the tax dollars spent on the traditional program for the new approach. (Para. 3) inner city: the usually older, central part of a city, especially when characterized by crowded neighborhoods in which low-income, often minority groups predominate. Inner-city schools are usually believed to have a comparatively inferior education system. 旧城区学校(常被认为教育质量低劣) 10. Within months the program was suspended. (Para. 3) Meaning: Within months the program stopped. 11. Teachers protested the program's demands and the strain associated with more intense work.(Para. 3) Meaning: Teachers said they didn’t like the program's demands (which are probably too high) and the stress that came from more intense work. protest: v. express one's disagreement, feeling of unfairness, annoyance, etc. Please notice that in American English “protest” is used without a preposition. They protested the government's handling of the situation. 他们反对政府处理局势的手法。 Most people protest the company's decision to lay off so many workers. 多数人反对公司如此大规模的裁员决议。 Compare: The students have been protesting against the government's decision. 学生们一直在抗议 政府的决定
12. This fall.the hvde Foundation is scheduled to begin a preliminary public school program in Baltimore.(Para.)Meaning This fall,the Hyde Foundation plans to start an introductory public school program in the city of Baltimore in Maryland be scheduled to do:be arranged to do The plane is scheduled to take off at5pm.飞机定于下午5点起飞 13. Other US school managers are eyeing the program,too.(Para.4)Meaning:Other US too Many people are eyeing the progress of the new project. 许多人在关注着这一新项目的进展。 14. Last fall,the Hyde Foundation opened a magnet program within a public high school. aa)Ming nil the Hyde Poundonopdr over one's protest:in spite of one's protest A nuclear plant was built in the area over the farmers'protests一座核电厂不顾农民 的抗议在这个地风建了起来。 The nurse gave the boy an injection over his protest.护士不顾男孩的抗议给他打了 针。 15. The community feared the school would attract minority and troubled students.(Para.4)Meaning:People in the neighborhood feared that the school would draw students from poor backgrounds and of other races than the white or students with problems. 16. As in Maine the quest for truth is also widespread at the school in Connecticut.(Para.5) Meaning The sea rch for truth is prevailing in Maine,and the same thing happens at the hool in Connecticu Please note that here "as"is used to compare situations (or sometimes actions)by saying that they are similar.For example: In Greece,as in Italy,they use a lot of oliveoil in cooking.与在意大利一样，在希腊，人们 做饭时用很多橄槽油。 n1939. as in 1914 ther wasa great surge of patriotic feeling与1914年一样，1939年也 出现了一股狂热的爱国 17 .the 11 students spend the last five minutes in an energetic exchange evaluating their class performance for the day on a 1-10 scale.(Para.5)Meaning:.the 11 students spend the last five minutes actively discussing and evaluating their class performance of the dayon scale that ranges from 1to10. 18. Ichallenge that.You didn't do or your spelli ng homework.(Para 7)Meaning:I don't agree.You didn't do your grammar exercises,nor did you do your spelling homework 10 Wait.I put my best effort forth here.(Para.10)Meaning:No.I don't agree.I made great efforts here :bring sth such as strength into actio Putting forth a great effort,.he uprooted the tree.他使了很大的劲把树拔了出来。 20. Explaining his approach to education,Joe Gauld says the conventional education system cannot be reformed.(Para.12)Meaning:When he explains his approach to education.Joe Gauld says there is no way to improve the traditional education system:it should be renewed
14 12. This fall, the Hyde Foundation is scheduled to begin a preliminary public school program in Baltimore. (Para. 4) Meaning: This fall, the Hyde Foundation plans to start an introductory public school program in the city of Baltimore in Maryland. be scheduled to do: be arranged to do The plane is scheduled to take off at 5 pm. 飞机定于下午 5 点起飞 13. Other US school managers are eyeing the program, too. (Para. 4) Meaning: Other US school managers are greatly interested in the program, too. eye: vt. look at sb. or sth. closely Many people are eyeing the progress of the new project. 许多人在关注着这一新项目的进展。 14. Last fall, the Hyde Foundation opened a magnet program within a public high school . over parents' protests. (Para. 4) Meaning: Last fall, the Hyde Foundation opened a program that drew much attention . in spite of protests from parents. over one's protest: in spite of one's protest A nuclear plant was built in the area over the farmers' protests. 一座核电厂不顾农民 的抗议在这个地区建了起来。 The nurse gave the boy an injection over his protest. 护士不顾男孩的抗议给他打了一 针。 15. The community feared the school would attract inner-city minority and troubled students. (Para. 4) Meaning: People in the neighborhood feared that the school would draw students from poor backgrounds and of other races than the white or students with problems. 16. As in Maine the quest for truth is also widespread at the school in Connecticut. (Para. 5) Meaning: The search for truth is prevailing in Maine, and the same thing happens at the school in Connecticut. Please note that here “as” is used to compare situations (or sometimes actions) by saying that they are similar. For example: In Greece, as in Italy, they use a lot of olive oil in cooking. 与在意大利一样，在希腊，人们 做饭时用很多橄榄油。 In 1939, as in 1914, there was a great surge of patriotic feeling. 与 1914 年一样，1939 年也 出现了一股狂热的爱国潮。 17. .the 11 students spend the last five minutes in an energetic exchange evaluating their class performance for the day on a 1-10 scale. (Para. 5) Meaning: .the 11 students spend the last five minutes actively discussing and evaluating their class performance of the day on a scale that ranges from 1 to 10. 18. I challenge that. You didn't do either your grammar or your spelling homework. (Para. 7) Meaning: I don't agree. You didn't do your grammar exercises, nor did you do your spelling homework. 19. Wait, I put my best effort forth here. (Para. 10) Meaning: No, I don't agree. I made great efforts here. put forth: use, show, or bring sth. such as strength into action Putting forth a great effort, he uprooted the tree. 他使了很大的劲把树拔了出来。 20. Explaining his approach to education, Joe Gauld says the conventional education system cannot be reformed. (Para. 12) Meaning: When he explains his approach to education, Joe Gauld says there is no way to improve the traditional education system; it should be renewed
or revolutionized 21 He notes“no amount of change'”with the horse and carriage“will producean auton obile(Pr 1)Meaning:He pointsou tht mater what changes youve made with the horse and carriage,no automobile will come out of it 22. Students are required to take responsibility for each other.(Para.12)Meaning:Students should be responsible for themselves and show concern for others. 23. Toavoid the conroversy of other character programs used in Gauld says the doing your best has mothing todo reing the students to accept a particular set of morals or religious values.(Para.12)Meaning:In order to prevent arguments that other character programs used in US schools have aroused,Gauld says the idea of doing your best doesn't mean forcing the students to accept a certain set of standards of good behaviour or religious beliefs. morals standards les Wester ideas and mora 理含和道德观 They have no morals.他们没有道德观念。 Compare: morale:n.the way that a group of people feel at a particular time The team's morale was high before the match.赛前队员们的士气很高。 wp led olow morale.近年来的低工资导致了士气低落。 24. The Hyde curriculum is similar to conventional schools that provide preparation for college,complete with English,history,math and science.(Para.13)Meaning:The subjects that the Hyde School offers are almost the same as those in conventional schools that get students academically ready for college.with all necessary subjects such as English. 25 .that provide preparation for college,complete with English,history,math and science (Para.13)complete with:including:having as an additional part There is a good hotel not far from the city,complete with swimming pool and garden leading directly to the beach.离城市不远有个很好的旅馆，带有游泳池和通向海滩的花园。 our fire omplete with rescue equipme ent first aid kit.etc.当然，消防 认员来了，带有救援器械和医疗急救箱等 26. But all students are required to take performing arts and sports,and provide a community service.(Para.13)Meaning:But all students are asked to take part in artistic performances and sports and to offer their services to the community At Bath.97%of the graduates attend four-vear colleges.(Para.13)Meaning 97%of the graduates from the Hyde School in Bath,Main attend ur-year coleg 28. Commitment among parents isa key ingredient in the Hyde mixture.(Para.14)Meaning Parents devotion is an important element in the Hyde program. Here"mixture"refers to the Hyde program for the fact that the program involves not only students and teachers but also parents. 29 For the student to gain admission,p rents also agree to accept and demonstrat the school philosophiesd(Para 14)Meaning:For the student to be admitte into the school,parents also must agree to accept the school's ideas and beliefs and put them into practice. 30 The parents agree in writing to meet monthly in one of 20 regional groups,go to a vearly
15 or revolutionized. 21. He notes “no amount of change” with the horse and carriage “will produce an automobile”. (Para. 12) Meaning: He points out that no matter what changes you've made with the horse and carriage, no automobile will come out of it. 22. Students are required to take responsibility for each other. (Para. 12) Meaning: Students should be responsible for themselves and show concern for others. 23. To avoid the controversy of other character programs used in US schools, Gauld says the concept of doing your best has nothing to do with forcing the students to accept a particular set of morals or religious values. (Para. 12) Meaning: In order to prevent arguments that other character programs used in US schools have aroused, Gauld says the idea of doing your best doesn't mean forcing the students to accept a certain set of standards of good behaviour or religious beliefs. morals: n. standards or principles of good behaviour Western ideas and morals 西方理念和道德观 They have no morals. 他们没有道德观念。 Compare: morale: n. the way that a group of people feel at a particular time The team's morale was high before the match. 赛前队员们的士气很高。 Low pay in recent years has led to low morale. 近年来的低工资导致了士气低落。 24. The Hyde curriculum is similar to conventional schools that provide preparation for college, complete with English, history, math and science. (Para. 13) Meaning: The subjects that the Hyde School offers are almost the same as those in conventional schools that get students academically ready for college, with all necessary subjects such as English, history, math and science. 25. .that provide preparation for college, complete with English, history, math and science. (Para. 13) complete with: including; having as an additional part There is a good hotel not far from the city, complete with swimming pool and garden leading directly to the beach. 离城市不远有个很好的旅馆，带有游泳池和通向海滩的花园。 Our firemen came, of course, complete with rescue equipment, first aid kit, etc. 当然，消防 队员来了，带有救援器械和医疗急救箱等。 26. But all students are required to take performing arts and sports, and provide a community service. (Para. 13) Meaning: But all students are asked to take part in artistic performances and sports and to offer their services to the community. 27. At Bath, 97% of the graduates attend four-year colleges. (Para. 13) Meaning: 97% of the graduates from the Hyde School in Bath, Maine attend four-year colleges. 28. Commitment among parents is a key ingredient in the Hyde mixture. (Para. 14) Meaning: Parents' devotion is an important element in the Hyde program. Here “mixture” refers to the Hyde program for the fact that the program involves not only students and teachers but also parents. 29. For the student to gain admission, parents also must agree to accept and demonstrate the school's philosophies and outlook. (Para. 14) Meaning: For the student to be admitted into the school, parents also must agree to accept the school’s ideas and beliefs and put them into practice. 30. The parents agree in writing to meet monthly in one of 20 regional groups, go to a yearly