科技英语的翻译标准 译例分析 Velocity(速度) changes if ei ther the speed(速率) or the direction changes 假如力的大小或方向改变了,速度跟着要变化。 如果速率和方向有一个发生变化,则运动速度也随之发生变化。 Oil and gas will continue to be our chief source of fuel. 油和气体将继续是燃料的主要来源 石油和天然气将继续是燃料的主要来源。 We shall mention here two temperature scales, namely, the Fahrenheit scale and the Centigrade scale. 这里我们将提及两种温度计,华氏表和摄氏表 这里我们将提及两种温标,华氏温标和摄氏温标。 Three of Archimedes' extant works are devoted to plane geometry. 阿基米德现存的三部著作都是献给平面几何的 阿基米德现存的著作中有三本是专门论述平面几何的。 由以上译例我们得出科技英语翻译的第一个标准:准确规范 练习: The power plant is the heart of a shil 发动机是船舶的心脏 The power unit for driving the machines is a 50-hp induction motor. 驱动机器的动力装置是一台五十马力的感应电机 译例分析 Distillation involves heating the solution until water evaporates, and then condensing the vapor 蒸馏就是加热溶液直到水蒸发,然后冷凝蒸汽。 蒸馏就是加热溶液,直到溶液变成蒸汽,然后再将蒸汽冷凝。 When a person sees, smells, hears, or touches something, then he is perceiving. 当一个人看、闻、听或触到某物时,他是在察觉。 当一个人用眼睛看东西,用鼻子闻气味,用耳朵听声音或用手触摸物体时,他是在 运用感官在感知。 A material object can not have a speed greater than the speed of light. 个物体不会有大于光速的速度。 物体的速度决不会超过光速。 由以上译例得知科技英语翻译的第二个标准:通顺易懂 练习: Semiconductor devices, called transistors, are replacing tubes in many applications. 半导体元件又叫晶体管,正在许多方面取代电子管 Cramped condition means that passengers' legs cannot move around freely. 空间狭窄,旅客的两腿不能自由伸展 All bodies are known to possess weight and occupy space. 我们知道,所有的物体都有重量并占据空间
科技英语的翻译标准 译例分析 Velocity(速度) changes if either the speed(速率) or the direction changes. 假如力的大小或方向改变了,速度跟着要变化。 如果速率和方向有一个发生变化,则运动速度也随之发生变化。 Oil and gas will continue to be our chief source of fuel. 油和气体将继续是燃料的主要来源。 石油和天然气将继续是燃料的主要来源。 We shall mention here two temperature scales, namely, the Fahrenheit scale and the Centigrade scale. 这里我们将提及两种温度计,华氏表和摄氏表。 这里我们将提及两种温标,华氏温标和摄氏温标。 Three of Archimedes’ extant works are devoted to plane geometry. 阿基米德现存的三部著作都是献给平面几何的。 阿基米德现存的著作中有三本是专门论述平面几何的。 由以上译例我们得出科技英语翻译的第一个标准:准确规范 练习: The power plant is the heart of a ship. 发动机是船舶的心脏。 The power unit for driving the machines is a 50-hp induction motor. 驱动机器的动力装置是一台五十马力的感应电机。 译例分析 Distillation involves heating the solution until water evaporates, and then condensing the vapor. 蒸馏就是加热溶液直到水蒸发,然后冷凝蒸汽。 蒸馏就是加热溶液,直到溶液变成蒸汽,然后再将蒸汽冷凝。 When a person sees, smells, hears, or touches something, then he is perceiving. 当一个人看、闻、听或触到某物时,他是在察觉。 当一个人用眼睛看东西,用鼻子闻气味,用耳朵听声音或用手触摸物体时,他是在 运用感官在感知。 A material object can not have a speed greater than the speed of light. 一个物体不会有大于光速的速度。 物体的速度决不会超过光速。 由以上译例得知科技英语翻译的第二个标准:通顺易懂 练习: Semiconductor devices, called transistors, are replacing tubes in many applications. 半导体元件又叫晶体管,正在许多方面取代电子管。 Cramped condition means that passengers’ legs cannot move around freely. 空间狭窄,旅客的两腿不能自由伸展。 All bodies are known to possess weight and occupy space. 我们知道,所有的物体都有重量并占据空间
译例分析 It is forbidden to dismantle it without permission so as to avoid any damage to its parts. 为了避免损坏设备的零件,未经许可不得拆卸该设备。严禁乱拆,以免损坏该设 备的零件。 It should be realized that magnetic forces and electric forces are not the same 这一点我们应当认识到,那就是磁力和电力是不一样的。我们应该认识到,磁力和 电力是不同的。 All living things must, by reason of phy siological limitations, die. 由于生理上的局限性的原因,一切生物总是要死亡的。由于生理局限所有生物都必 然会死亡 由以上译例得出科技英语翻译的第三个标准:简洁明晰 翻译练习: The remova1 of minerals from water is called softening(水软化) 从水中去除矿物质叫水软化。 a typical foliage leaf(营养叶) of a pant belonging to the dictyledons (双子叶植物) is composed of two principal parts: blade(叶片) and petiole (叶柄) 双子叶植物典型的营养叶主要由两大部分组成:叶片和叶柄 翻译的一般方法 译例分析: Physics studies force, motion, heat, light, sound, electricity, magnetism radiation, and atomic structure. 物理学专门研究力、运动、热、光、声电、磁、辐射和原子结构 The igniter combustion(点剂燃烧) often produces hot condensed particles. 这种点剂燃烧常常产生热凝颗粒。 The outcome of a test is not always predictable. 试验的结果并不是总是可以预料的。 以上翻译不仅保留了原文的内容而且保留了原文的形式,也就是说原文的语序、词 序、语法结构、修辞方法等都不变。我们把这种翻译方法叫做直译。这种情形可遇 不可求,因为英语在形式上与汉语恰好一致的情形是不多的。翻译中能直译则尽量 直译。 译例分析 Resistors are available either in fixed values or variable values 电阻器有固定电阻和可变电阻两种。 We can get more current from cells connected in parallel 电池并联时向我们提供的电流更大。 All four outer planets probably have cores of metals, silicates and water. 这四颗外层行星的内核可能都是由金属、硅酸盐和水构成。 The law of reflection holds good (E F) for all surfaces. 反射定律对一切表面都适用。 翻译中最好既照顾内容又照顾形式,也就是说最好直译。以上译例无法照顾形式, 只能够把意思译出来,因此这种翻译方法叫做意译
译例分析 It is forbidden to dismantle it without permission so as to avoid any damage to its parts. 为了避免损坏设备的零件,未经许可不得拆卸该设备。 严禁乱拆,以免损坏该设 备的零件。 It should be realized that magnetic forces and electric forces are not the same. 这一点我们应当认识到,那就是磁力和电力是不一样的。我们应该认识到,磁力和 电力是不同的。 All living things must, by reason of physiological limitations, die. 由于生理上的局限性的原因,一切生物总是要死亡的。由于生理局限所有生物都必 然会死亡。 由以上译例得出科技英语翻译的第三个标准:简洁明晰 翻译练习: The removal of minerals from water is called softening(水软化). 从水中去除矿物质叫水软化。 A typical foliage leaf(营养叶) of a pant belonging to the dictyledons (双子叶植物) is composed of two principal parts: blade(叶片) and petiole (叶柄). 双子叶植物典型的营养叶主要由两大部分组成:叶片和叶柄。 翻译的一般方法 译例分析: Physics studies force, motion, heat, light, sound, electricity, magnetism, radiation, and atomic structure. 物理学专门研究力、运动、热、光、声、电、磁、辐射和原子结构。 The igniter combustion(点剂燃烧) often produces hot condensed particles. 这种点剂燃烧常常产生热凝颗粒。 The outcome of a test is not always predictable. 试验的结果并不是总是可以预料的。 以上翻译不仅保留了原文的内容而且保留了原文的形式,也就是说原文的语序、词 序、语法结构、修辞方法等都不变。我们把这种翻译方法叫做直译。这种情形可遇 不可求,因为英语在形式上与汉语恰好一致的情形是不多的。翻译中能直译则尽量 直译。 译例分析 Resistors are available either in fixed values or variable values. 电阻器有固定电阻和可变电阻两种。 We can get more current from cells connected in parallel. 电池并联时向我们提供的电流更大。 All four outer planets probably have cores of metals, silicates and water. 这四颗外层行星的内核可能都是由金属、硅酸盐和水构成。 The law of reflection holds good (管用)for all surfaces. 反射定律对一切表面都适用。 翻译中最好既照顾内容又照顾形式,也就是说最好直译。以上译例无法照顾形式, 只能够把意思译出来,因此这种翻译方法叫做意译
翻译练习 The designer must have access(可以到达;可以使用) to stock lists(库存单) of th terials h 设计师有权调阅他所用材料的库存单。 Part adjustment and repair must be performed on a regular basis if an acceptable printed product is to be the end product(最后产物) 要使印刷品的质量达到要求,必须定期进行部件调试和维修。 Einstein's relativity theory is the only one which can explain such 只有爱因斯坦的相对论才能够解释这些现象。 译例分析 Leaves are to the plant what lungs are to the animal. 植物的叶子好比动物的肺。 There are some metals which possess the power to conduct electricity and ability to be magnetized. 有些金属具有导电能力,并且能够被磁化。 Pollen tube(花粉管) is defined as the tube through which pollen passes into the ovary(子房) 花粉管可定义为花粉进入子房要穿过的管道 以上译例都属于意译范畴,具体来讲是将两个或两个以上的简单句或复合句用一个 单句来翻译。我们把这种翻译方法叫做合译。 译例分析 With the same number of protons, all nuclei of a given element may have different numbers of neutrons 尽管某一元素的原子核都含有相同数目的质子,但它们的中子数可能不一样。(介 词短语变成了从句) Self-1 lubrication(自动润滑) can also be obtained with plastic bearings which also provide freedom from corrosion and quiet operation. 塑料轴承不仅可以实现自动润滑,而且耐腐蚀,运转噪音小(名词词组成句)。 A brief summary of the gas generation schemes(煤气生产流程) facilitates the dr process(还原工艺) description 先简要地介绍一下煤气生产流程,再说明还原工艺就会方便很多(名词短语变成了 条件句)。 从以上译例中我们发现,我们把小的语言单位扩充成大的语言单位,即我们把词、 词组、短语等变成了句。这种翻译方法我们称做分译 翻译练习 The most important factors affecting plant growth is that it requires the supply of water. 影响植物生长最重要的因素是水。 The doctor analyzed the blood sample for anemia 医生对血样作了分析,以判别惠者是否患有白血病 The apparent change in size of the sun is caused by dust in the air near the horizon 太阳的大小看上去会有所不同,是因为靠近地平线上的空中悬浮尘埃的缘故
翻译练习 The designer must have access(可以到达;可以使用) to stock lists(库存单) of the materials he employs. 设计师有权调阅他所用材料的库存单。 Part adjustment and repair must be performed on a regular basis if an acceptable printed product is to be the end product(最后产物). 要使印刷品的质量达到要求,必须定期进行部件调试和维修。 Einstein’s relativity theory is the only one which can explain such phenomena. 只有爱因斯坦的相对论才能够解释这些现象。 译例分析 Leaves are to the plant what lungs are to the animal. 植物的叶子好比动物的肺。 There are some metals which possess the power to conduct electricity and ability to be magnetized. 有些金属具有导电能力,并且能够被磁化。 Pollen tube(花粉管) is defined as the tube through which pollen passes into the ovary(子房). 花粉管可定义为花粉进入子房要穿过的管道。 以上译例都属于意译范畴,具体来讲是将两个或两个以上的简单句或复合句用一个 单句来翻译。我们把这种翻译方法叫做合译。 译例分析 With the same number of protons, all nuclei of a given element may have different numbers of neutrons. 尽管某一元素的原子核都含有相同数目的质子,但它们的中子数可能不一样。(介 词短语变成了从句) Self-lubrication(自动润滑) can also be obtained with plastic bearings which also provide freedom from corrosion and quiet operation. 塑料轴承不仅可以实现自动润滑,而且耐腐蚀,运转噪音小(名词词组成句)。 A brief summary of the gas generation schemes(煤气生产流程) facilitates the DR process (还原工艺)description. 先简要地介绍一下煤气生产流程,再说明还原工艺就会方便很多(名词短语变成了 条件句)。 从以上译例中我们发现,我们把小的语言单位扩充成大的语言单位,即我们把词、 词组、短语等变成了句。这种翻译方法我们称做分译。 翻译练习 The most important factors affecting plant growth is that it requires the supply of water. 影响植物生长最重要的因素是水。 The doctor analyzed the blood sample for anemia. 医生对血样作了分析,以判别患者是否患有白血病。 The apparent change in size of the sun is caused by dust in the air near the horizon. 太阳的大小看上去会有所不同,是因为靠近地平线上的空中悬浮尘埃的缘故
These fragments of rock and iron range from a thousand kilometers in diameter to less than one 这些石块和铁块大小不等,大的直径有一千公里,小的不足一公里。 Manufacturing processes may be classified as unit production with small quantities being made and mass production with large numbers of identical parts being produced. 制造过程可分为批件生产和批量生产。前者生产量小,后者生产量大。 增译:译例分析 Stems provide mechanical support for leaves in erect(直立的) plants and are an axis for attached leaves in horizonta1(水平的) plants 茎为垂直方向生长的植物提供机械支撑,为水平方向生长的植物的叶片附着提供中 轴 The amount of respiration depends upon the degree of activity of the organi sm. 生物体呼吸量的大小取决于其活动量的大小。 High technology (FGFFR) is providing visually and hearing impaired people with increased self- -sufficiency(自理).高科技装置增强了视听障碍人士的自 理能力。 从以上译例中我们知道,翻译时需要增加一些词,才能更符合汉语的表达习惯和修 辞需要 省译:译例分析 For the purpose of our discussion, let' s neglect the friction. 为了讨论方便,我们将摩擦力忽略不计 Little information is given about the origin of life. 关于生命起源的资料很少。 a person with nerve damage in the spinal cord can grasp objects when his or her forearm muscles are activated by a device like this one. 一个脊椎神经受损的人可用这样的装置激活前臂肌肉,以便抓取东西。 The coupling bolts should go into place when tapped lightly with a hammer. 用榔头轻轻敲击可将接合螺母钉入位置 A person with nerve damage in the spinal cord can grasp objects when his or her forearm muscles are activated by a device like this one. 个脊椎神经受损的人可用这样的装置激活前臂肌肉,以便抓取东西 The coupling bolts should go into place when tapped lightly with a hammer. 用榔头轻轻敲击可将接合螺母钉入位置 增译省译练习 Cartography is the science of making map s.制图学是研究绘制地图的科学。 Many elements in nature are found to be the mixtures of different isotopes 人们发现,自然界很多元素只是不同同位素的混合物。 That like charges repel but opposite charges attract is one of the fundamental laws of electricity. 同性电荷相排斥异性电荷相吸引是电学的一个基本规律。 顺译与倒译译例分析 直译与顺译的区别:直译在语序、词序、词性、语法结构、修辞等方面都与原文相
These fragments of rock and iron range from a thousand kilometers in diameter to less than one. 这些石块和铁块大小不等,大的直径有一千公里,小的不足一公里。 Manufacturing processes may be classified as unit production with small quantities being made and mass production with large numbers of identical parts being produced. 制造过程可分为批件生产和批量生产。前者生产量小,后者生产量大。 增译:译例分析 Stems provide mechanical support for leaves in erect (直立的)plants and are an axis for attached leaves in horizontal(水平的) plants. 茎为垂直方向生长的植物提供机械支撑,为水平方向生长的植物的叶片附着提供中 轴。 The amount of respiration depends upon the degree of activity of the organism. 生物体呼吸量的大小取决于其活动量的大小。 High technology(高科技) is providing visually and hearing impaired people with increased self-sufficiency(自理).高科技装置增强了视听障碍人士的自 理能力。 从以上译例中我们知道,翻译时需要增加一些词,才能更符合汉语的表达习惯和修 辞需要。 省译:译例分析 For the purpose of our discussion, let’s neglect the friction. 为了讨论方便,我们将摩擦力忽略不计. Little information is given about the origin of life. 关于生命起源的资料很少。 A person with nerve damage in the spinal cord can grasp objects when his or her forearm muscles are activated by a device like this one. 一个脊椎神经受损的人可用这样的装置激活前臂肌肉,以便抓取东西。 The coupling bolts should go into place when tapped lightly with a hammer. 用榔头轻轻敲击可将接合螺母钉入位置。 A person with nerve damage in the spinal cord can grasp objects when his or her forearm muscles are activated by a device like this one. 一个脊椎神经受损的人可用这样的装置激活前臂肌肉,以便抓取东西。 The coupling bolts should go into place when tapped lightly with a hammer. 用榔头轻轻敲击可将接合螺母钉入位置。 增译省译练习 Cartography is the science of making maps.制图学是研究绘制地图的科学。 Many elements in nature are found to be the mixtures of different isotopes. 人们发现,自然界很多元素只是不同同位素的混合物。 That like charges repel but opposite charges attract is one of the fundamental laws of electricity. 同性电荷相排斥异性电荷相吸引是电学的一个基本规律。 顺译与倒译译例分析 直译与顺译的区别:直译在语序、词序、词性、语法结构、修辞等方面都与原文相
同,而顺译只是在语序方面相同,其他方面则不尽然,如: My death will make you happy. 直译:我的死会让你开心。 顺译:我死了你就开心了 The ny lon nut must not protrude above the metal surface. 尼龙螺母不应高出金属表面。 The sodium silicate makes the cork powder stick to the mode surface. 硅酸钠能使软木粉粘在模具表面 Space programs demand tremendous quantities of liquid hydrogen and oxygen as rocket fuel 航天计划需要大量的液态氢和液态氧作为火箭燃料。 倒译译例 Mr. Zhang from Ministry of Foreign Affairs 外交部来的张先生 Thus the bending stress is very easily computed. 因此很容易算出其弯曲应力。 Too large a current must not be used. 所用的电流千万不能过大 The converse effect is the cooling of a gas when it expands 气体膨胀时对其冷却是一种逆效应。 Either or both windings may be excited by alternating or direct currents. 交流电直流电都有可能激励两个或其中一个绕组。 顺译倒译练习 Almost any insulated body possesses to some extent the ability to retain for a time an electric charge 几乎任何一种绝缘体或多或少都具有一种能将电荷保留一段时间的能力。 The angular- contact bearing(向心止推滚动轴承) provides a greater thrust capacity(轴向承载能力) 向心止推滚动轴承具有更大的轴向承载能力。 The properties of the weld can be altered by varying the grain orientation (H 粒取向) 可以通过改变晶粒取向改变焊缝性能。 翻译中词义的选择 根据词类: The earthquake measured 6. 5 on the Richter scale. 这次地震强度为里氏6.5级。 The thickness of a tooth(齿轮) measured along the pitch circle(节圆) is one half the circular pitch(周节) 沿节圆所测得的齿厚是周节的一半。 We must reflect what measures to take in case of any accidental collapse of a bed(矿床) 我们必须考虑一下如果矿床意外坍塌该采取什么措施。 翻译练习 The spindle(锭子) rotates simultaneous1y(同时地) round two axes(轴)
同,而顺译只是在语序方面相同,其他方面则不尽然,如: My death will make you happy. 直译:我的死会让你开心。 顺译:我死了你就开心了。 The nylon nut must not protrude above the metal surface. 尼龙螺母不应高出金属表面。 The sodium silicate makes the cork powder stick to the mode surface. 硅酸钠能使软木粉粘在模具表面。 Space programs demand tremendous quantities of liquid hydrogen and oxygen as rocket fuel. 航天计划需要大量的液态氢和液态氧作为火箭燃料。 倒译译例 Mr. Zhang from Ministry of Foreign Affairs 外交部来的张先生 Thus the bending stress is very easily computed. 因此很容易算出其弯曲应力。 Too large a current must not be used. 所用的电流千万不能过大。 The converse effect is the cooling of a gas when it expands. 气体膨胀时对其冷却是一种逆效应。 Either or both windings may be excited by alternating or direct currents. 交流电直流电都有可能激励两个或其中一个绕组。 顺译倒译练习 Almost any insulated body possesses to some extent the ability to retain for a time an electric charge. 几乎任何一种绝缘体或多或少都具有一种能将电荷保留一段时间的能力。 The angular-contact bearing(向心止推滚动轴承 )provides a greater thrust capacity(轴向承载能力). 向心止推滚动轴承具有更大的轴向承载能力。 The properties of the weld can be altered by varying the grain orientation(晶 粒取向). 可以通过改变晶粒取向改变焊缝性能。 翻译中词义的选择 根据词类: The earthquake measured 6.5 on the Richter scale. 这次地震强度为里氏 6.5 级。 The thickness of a tooth(齿轮) measured along the pitch circle(节圆) is one half the circular pitch(周节). 沿节圆所测得的齿厚是周节的一半。 We must reflect what measures to take in case of any accidental collapse of a bed(矿床). 我们必须考虑一下如果矿床意外坍塌该采取什么措施。 翻译练习 The spindle(锭子) rotates simultaneously(同时地) round two axes (轴)