自标转对 Organic Chemistry,6th Edition L.G.Wade,Jr. Chapter 22 Carboxylic Acid ①erivatives http://www.study-organic-chemistry.com/ By Junru Wang Email:wangjr07@163.com
By Junru Wang Email: wangjr07@163.com Chapter 22 Carboxylic Acid Derivatives Organic Chemistry, 6th Edition L. G. Wade, Jr. http://www.study-organic-chemistry.com/
Carboxylic Acid Derivatives STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES PREPARATIONS OF CARBOXYLIC ACID DERIVATIVES ■REACTIONS ■ENOLATE REACTIONS
Carboxylic Acid Derivatives ◼STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES ◼PREPARATIONS OF CARBOXYLIC ACID DERIVATIVES ◼REACTIONS ◼ENOLATE REACTIONS
Sec 1 Acid Derivatives All can be converted to the carboxylic acid by acidic or basic hydrolysis. Esters and amides common in nature. R-C-NH, R-C≡ acid halide anhydride ester amide nitrile Condensed structure:RCOX (RCO),O RCO,R' RCONH, RCN Copyright2005 Pearson Prentice Hall,Inc
Sec 1 Acid Derivatives ◼All can be converted to the carboxylic acid by acidic or basic hydrolysis. ◼Esters and amides common in nature
Acid Halides More reactive than acids;the halogen withdraws e density from carbonyl. Named by replacing -ic acid with -y/halide. Br CH3CHCH2C-Br 3-bromobutanoyl bromide benzoyl chloride B-bromobutyryl bromide
Acid Halides ◼More reactive than acids; the halogen withdraws e- density from carbonyl. ◼Named by replacing -ic acid with -yl halide. C O Cl CH3 CHCH2 C Br O Br benzoyl chloride 3-bromobutanoyl bromide -bromobutyryl bromide
Anhydrides The word acidis replaced with anhydride. For a mixed anhydride,name both acids. Diacids may form anhydrides if a 5-or 6- membered ring is the product. ethanoic anhydride acetic anhydride 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic anhydride phthalic anhydride
Anhydrides ◼The word acid is replaced with anhydride. ◼For a mixed anhydride, name both acids. ◼Diacids may form anhydrides if a 5- or 6- membered ring is the product. CH3 C O O C O CH3 ethanoic anhydride acetic anhydride O O O 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic anhydride phthalic anhydride