■ 3中国政府将采取更加有力的措施进一步健全耕地保护制度，切 实加强基本农田保护 ■ Chinese government will adopt still more effective measures to improve the land preservation system and strengthen the protection of basic farmland.(前文中“still more'effective” 二加强了金包语气若在后面再逐次译出此类修饰词反会削弱 原文表达语义，是属多此一举) ■ 4城市市政公用的设施的服务功能，服务水平要基本上适应经济 和社会发展的需要，初步建立起较为完善的社会主义综合服务 Urban public utilities and service should satisfy the needs of economic and social development by improving the social service system. 5各级政府都要切实加强对改革的领导，扎扎实实地做好工作， 不断把改革推向前进.The governments at all levels should strengthen their leadership in these reforms and do a soild job of propelling the reform forward. 6医疗卫生机构要深化内部管理体制改革，加强医德医风建设， The medical and public health departments should deepen the reform of their management system and improve their medical ethics.(深化”当然是向内部进展，再译出inside会出现 画蛇添足；“德风”连在一起是汉语习惯，英语ethics.足以表达.)
◼ 3中国政府将采取更加有力的措施,进一步健全耕地保护制度,切 实加强基本农田保护. ◼ Chinese government will adopt still more effective measures to improve the land preservation system and strengthen the protection of basic farmland. (前文中 “still more effective” 已加强了全句语气,若在后面再逐次译出此类修饰词反会削弱 原文表达语义,是属多此一举.) ◼ 4 城市市政公用的设施的服务功能,服务水平要基本上适应经济 和社会发展的需要,初步建立起较为完善的社会主义综合服务 体系. Urban public utilities and service should satisfy the needs of economic and social development by improving the social service system. ◼ 5 各级政府都要切实加强对改革的领导,扎扎实实地做好工作, 不断把改革推向前进.The governments at all levels should strengthen their leadership in these reforms and do a soild job of propelling the reform forward. ◼ 6 医疗卫生机构要深化内部管理体制改革,加强医德医风建设. The medical and public health departments should deepen the reform of their management system and improve their medical ethics. (“深化”当然是向内部进展,再译出inside会出现 画蛇添足; “德风”连在一起是汉语习惯,英语ethics足以表达. )
四删除重复出现的词语 在汉语中，词语重复出现较为普遍，在英译时如全部照译 会显得太累赘.有时可将重复的词语抽取出来合译为一 个英语词汇或词组.这种方法有些类似于数学中的“提 取公因式”提取公因式不仅适用于外形完全相同的词 语，而且也可用于外形上不同但在语义上相同或相近的 词语. ■1发展新兴产业和高新技术产业.把开发新技术新 产品，新产业同开拓市场结合起来，把发展技术密集型产 业和劳动密集型产业结合起来. ■ We should develop rising and high-tech industries.combine the efforts to develop new technologies,products and industries with the efforts to open up markets and integrate the development of technoloav-intensive with labor-intensive industries
四 删除重复出现的词语 ◼ 在汉语中,词语重复出现较为普遍,在英译时如全部照译 会显得太累赘.有时可将重复的词语抽取出来合译为一 个英语词汇或词组.这种方法有些类似于数学中的 “提 取公因式” .提取公因式不仅适用于外形完全相同的词 语,而且也可用于外形上不同但在语义上相同或相近的 词语. ◼ 1 发展新兴产业和高新技术产业.把开发新技术,新 产品,新产业同开拓市场结合起来,把发展技术密集型产 业和劳动密集型产业结合起来. ◼ We should develop rising and high-tech industries.combine the efforts to develop new technologies, products and industries with the efforts to open up markets and integrate the development of technology-intensive with labor-intensive industries
■2我们可利用的矛盾存在着，对我们有利的条件存在着，机 遇存在着，问题是要善于把握。 ■ There are contradictions that we can use,conditions that are favorable to us,opportunities that we can take advantage of-the problem is to seize them at the right moment. ■3这些问题就是他提出的关于美国政治制度的问题， These are his questions on the American political system. ■4大力提倡社会公德，职业道德和家庭道德 ■ We should vigorously advocate social,occupational and family ethics. ■ 5国际上议论纷纷，国内也有各种意见： ■ There are various opinions on this question both at home and abroad. ■ 6我们要培养分析问题，解决问题的能力. We must cultivate the ability to analyze and solve problems
◼ 2 我们可利用的矛盾存在着,对我们有利的条件存在着,机 遇存在着,问题是要善于把握. ◼ There are contradictions that we can use, conditions that are favorable to us, opportunities that we can take advantage of-the problem is to seize them at the right moment. ◼ 3这些问题就是他提出的关于美国政治制度的问题. ◼ These are his questions on the American political system. ◼ 4 大力提倡社会公德,职业道德和家庭道德. ◼ We should vigorously advocate social, occupational and family ethics. ◼ 5 国际上议论纷纷,国内也有各种意见. ◼ There are various opinions on this question both at home and abroad. ◼ 6 我们要培养分析问题,解决问题的能力. ◼ We must cultivate the ability to analyze and solve problems
五文学作品中汉译英的减词 ■ 汉语的文学作品中往往爱用对仗来形容同一事物，以加 强语气.在译成英语时却要减一些词，只译其中之一，这样 既符合英语的习惯用法，又可使译文更为生动传神. ■ 1花园里面是人间的乐园，有的是吃不了的大米白面，穿 不完的绫罗绸缎，花不完的金银财宝.（周而复《上海的 早晨》) ■ The garden was a paradise on earth,with more food and clothes than could be consumed and more money and treasures than what they might use up. ■ 2此时鲁小姐卸了浓妆，换了几件雅淡衣服，遂公孙举目 细看，真有沉鱼落雁之容，闭月羞花之貌. By this time Miss Lu had changed out of her ceremonial dress into an ordinary gown,and then Ju looked at her closely.He saw that her beauty would put the flowers to shame
五 文学作品中汉译英的减词 ◼ 汉语的文学作品中往往爱用对仗来形容同一事物,以加 强语气.在译成英语时却要减一些词,只译其中之一,这样 既符合英语的习惯用法,又可使译文更为生动传神. ◼ 1花园里面是人间的乐园,有的是吃不了的大米白面,穿 不完的绫罗绸缎,花不完的金银财宝. (周而复《上海的 早晨》) ◼ The garden was a paradise on earth, with more food and clothes than could be consumed and more money and treasures than what they might use up. ◼ 2 此时鲁小姐卸了浓妆,换了几件雅淡衣服,遂公孙举目 细看,真有沉鱼落雁之容,闭月羞花之貌. ◼ By this time Miss Lu had changed out of her ceremonial dress into an ordinary gown, and then Ju looked at her closely. He saw that her beauty would put the flowers to shame
3反对铺张浪费制止挥霍奢侈之风. ■ We should oppose and put a stop to the unhealthy tendency of being extravagant or wasteful. 4生活在四川的议，藏，羌傈僳等士几个民族各有不同的文化和风俗， 成蜀最舞取之不5用艺竭的创源绿。 The Han,Tibetan,Yi,Qiang,Lisu and other nationalities in Sichuan maintain different cultures and customes,which provides the inexhaustible sources of folk songs and dances. 5不尝黄连苦，怎知蜂蜜甜. ■ Whoever has never tasted bitter knows not what is sweet. 6 自此而下，江面宽阔，水流平缓一叶轻舟，顺流而下，沿江景色，饱览无 遗 Down from here,the river becomes wide and calm.If you take a light skiff down the stream,you will drink in the beauty along the river. 7大峡弯的谷地，山峦交错，峡谷相连，江水汹涌. The valley of the Grand Bend is full of multi-peaked mountains, joined canyons and turbulent waters
◼ 3反对铺张浪费,制止挥霍奢侈之风. ◼ We should oppose and put a stop to the unhealthy tendency of being extravagant or wasteful. ◼ 4 生活在四川的汉,藏,羌,傈僳等十几个民族,各有不同的文化和风俗, 成为巴蜀歌舞取之不尽,用之不竭的创作源泉. ◼ The Han, Tibetan, Yi, Qiang, Lisu and other nationalities in Sichuan maintain different cultures and customes, which provides the inexhaustible sources of folk songs and dances. ◼ 5 不尝黄连苦,怎知蜂蜜甜. ◼ Whoever has never tasted bitter knows not what is sweet. ◼ 6 自此而下,江面宽阔,水流平缓,一叶轻舟,顺流而下,沿江景色,饱览无 遗. ◼ Down from here, the river becomes wide and calm. If you take a light skiff down the stream, you will drink in the beauty along the river. ◼ 7 大峡弯的谷地,山峦交错,峡谷相连,江水汹涌. ◼ The valley of the Grand Bend is full of multi-peaked mountains, joined canyons and turbulent waters