有机化学ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 主讲：主俊儒870928290) 理学院应化系理科楼2层206 Organic Chemistry,6h Edition L.G.Wade,Jr. Chapter7 AlRylHalides: Nucleophilic Substitution Elimination Key Notes Nucleophilic Substitution,SN1/SN2,Elimination (E1/E2) Nucleophilicity,Leaving group Homework.7-37:7-39:7-40,:7-44(P274
Chapter 7 Alkyl Halides: Nucleophilic Substitution & Elimination Organic Chemistry, 6h Edition L. G. Wade, Jr. Key Notes Nucleophilic Substitution, SN1/SN2, Elimination（E1/E2） Nucleophilicity, Leaving group 有机化学ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 主讲：王俊儒 87092829(O) 理学院应化系理科楼2层C206 Homework：7-37 ; 7-39; 7-40 ; 7-44（P274）
自秋不转大对 Content 花中就 Preparation and physical properties Nucleophilic substitution Factors affecting SN2 versus SN1 reactions Elimination:Elimination versus substitution ■g Reactions of alkyl halides Organometallic reactions
Content ◼Preparation and physical properties ◼Nucleophilic substitution ◼Factors affecting SN2 versus SN1 reactions ◼Elimination：Elimination versus substitution ◼Reactions of alkyl halides ◼Organometallic reactions
Types of Dihalides Primary,Secondary,Tertiary Alkyl Halides R CH,-X R—CH,一X R-CH-X R-C-X methyl halide primary (1)halide secondary (2)halide R tertiary (3)halide 2013 Pearson Education.Inc Br 9-9 -C- a geminal dibromide a vicinal dichloride Geminal dihalide:Two halogen atoms are bonded to the same carbon. Vicinal dihalide:Two halogen atoms are bonded to adjacent carbons
Types of Dihalides Primary, Secondary, Tertiary Alkyl Halides ◼Geminal dihalide: Two halogen atoms are bonded to the same carbon. ◼Vicinal dihalide: Two halogen atoms are bonded to adjacent carbons
Uses of Alkyl Halides Solvents -degreasers and dry cleaning fluid Reagents for synthesis of other compounds Anesthetic:Halothane is CFCHCIBr CHCl3 used originally (toxic and carcinogenic)麻醉剂 In 1847,the Edinburgh obstetrician James Operation of a chloroform inhaler for surgical anesthesia around 1850. Young Simpson first Valves pass the incoming air through used chloroform for cotton dampened with chloroform. general anesthesia Inhalation anesthetics such as during childbirth Halothane,CF3CHBrCl,derive their biological activity from the polar nature of their C-X bonds
Uses of Alkyl Halides ◼Solvents - degreasers and dry cleaning fluid ◼Reagents for synthesis of other compounds ◼Anesthetic: Halothane is CF3CHClBr ⚫CHCl3 used originally (toxic and carcinogenic)麻醉剂 In 1847, the Edinburgh obstetrician James Young Simpson first used chloroform for general anesthesia during childbirth
Uses of Alkyl Halides Freons,chlorofluorocarbons or CFC's Freon 12,CF2Cl2,now replaced with Freon 22, CF2CHCl,not as harmful to ozone layer. Pesticides-DDT banned in U.S. extremely toxic to insects but not as toxic to mammals
Uses of Alkyl Halides ◼Freons, chlorofluorocarbons or CFC’s ⚫Freon 12, CF2Cl2 , now replaced with Freon 22, CF2CHCl, not as harmful to ozone layer. ◼Pesticides – DDT banned in U.S. ⚫extremely toxic to insects but not as toxic to mammals