Sample Spaces >Collection of all possible outcomes e.g.:All six faces of a die: 因因 e.g.:All 52 cards in a deck: Statistics for Ma nagers Using Microsoft Excel Chap 4-6 Tongji University,School of Economics Management
Statistics for Managers Using Microsoft Excel Chap 4-6 Tongji University, School of Economics & Management Sample Spaces Collection of all possible outcomes e.g.: All six faces of a die: e.g.: All 52 cards in a deck:
Events >Simple event Outcome from a sample space with one characteristic e.g.:A red card from a deck of cards >Joint event Involves two outcomes simultaneously e.g.:An ace that is also red from a deck of cards Statistics for Managers Using Microsoft Excel Chap 4-7 Tongji University,School of Economics Management
Statistics for Managers Using Microsoft Excel Chap 4-7 Tongji University, School of Economics & Management Events Simple event Outcome from a sample space with one characteristic e.g.: A red card from a deck of cards Joint event Involves two outcomes simultaneously e.g.: An ace that is also red from a deck of cards
Visualizing Events >Contingency Tables Ace Not Ace Total Black 2 24 26 Red 2 24 26 Total 4 48 52 >Tree Diagrams Ace Red Full Cards Not an Ace Deck Black Ace of Cards Cards Not an Ace Statistics for Ma agers Using Microsoft Excel Chap 4-8 Tongji University,School of Economics Management
Statistics for Managers Using Microsoft Excel Chap 4-8 Tongji University, School of Economics & Management Visualizing Events Contingency Tables Tree Diagrams Red 2 24 26 Black 2 24 26 Total 4 48 52 Ace Not Ace Total Full Deck of Cards Red Cards Black Cards Not an Ace Ace Ace Not an Ace
Special Events Null Event >Impossible event e.g.:Club diamond on one card draw >Complement of event For event A,all events not in A Denoted as A' e.g.:A:queen of diamonds A':all cards in a deck that are not queen of diamonds Statistics for Managers Using Microsoft Excel Chap4-9 Tongji University,School of Economics Management
Statistics for Managers Using Microsoft Excel Chap 4-9 Tongji University, School of Economics & Management Special Events Impossible event e.g.: Club & diamond on one card draw Complement of event For event A, all events not in A Denoted as A’ e.g.: A: queen of diamonds A’: all cards in a deck that are not queen of diamonds Null Event A' A
Special Events (continued) >Mutually exclusive events Two events cannot occur together e.g.:--A:queen of diamonds;B:queen of clubs -Events a and B are mutually exclusive >Collectively exhaustive events One of the events must occur The set of events covers the whole sample space e.g.:--A:all the aces;B:all the black cards;C:all the diamonds;D: all the hearts -Events A,B,C and D are collectively exhaustive Events B,C and D are also collectively exhaustive Statistics for Ma agers Using Microsoft Excel Chap 4-10 Tongji University,School of Economics Management
Statistics for Managers Using Microsoft Excel Chap 4-10 Tongji University, School of Economics & Management Special Events Mutually exclusive events Two events cannot occur together e.g.: -- A: queen of diamonds; B: queen of clubs Events A and B are mutually exclusive Collectively exhaustive events One of the events must occur The set of events covers the whole sample space e.g.: -- A: all the aces; B: all the black cards; C: all the diamonds; D: all the hearts Events A, B, C and D are collectively exhaustive Events B, C and D are also collectively exhaustive (continued) A B