Indicating Steps in Mechanisms Curved arrows indicate breaking and forming of bonds ■Arrowheads with a“half'head(“fish- hook")indicate one electron movement (called 'radical processes') A radical is a neutral chemical species that contains an odd number of electrons and thus has a single, unpaired electron in one of its orbitals Arrowheads with a complete head indicate two electrons movement (called 'polar processes')
Indicating Steps in Mechanisms Curved arrows indicate breaking and forming of bonds Arrowheads with a “half” head (“fishhook”) indicate one electron movement (called ‘radical processes’) A radical is a neutral chemical species that contains an odd number of electrons and thus has a single, unpaired electron in one of its orbitals Arrowheads with a complete head indicate two electrons movement (called ‘polar processes’)
Bond Formation A bond can be formed in an electronically symmetrical homogenic way where one electron is donated to the new bond by each reactant 人人 A A·+·B A:B A bond can also be formed in an electronically unsymmetrical heterogenic way where both electrons are donated to the new bond by one reactant 只K→人 A++:B → A:B
Bond Formation A bond can be formed in an electronically symmetrical homogenic way where one electron is donated to the new bond by each reactant A bond can also be formed in an electronically unsymmetrical heterogenic way where both electrons are donated to the new bond by one reactant