泊余若将不及兮、 away quickly and seasons rotated in succession.I worry about 恐年岁之不吾与。 the plants withering away and fear I am growing od 朝搴砒之木兰兮， Why not bolish the present corrupt regime while I am still 夕花洲之宿莽。 strong? 日月忽其不淹兮， Why not alter this political system? 春与秋其代序。 Let us ride fine steeds and gallop away. 惟草木之零落兮， Come on,I'll lead the way! 恐美人之迟暮 不抚壮而弃秽兮， 何不改乎此度？ 乘联骥以驰骋兮， 来吾道夫先路」 1.(2)The poet explains his political point of view and position,and the painful sentiments when his view-point was not accepted by the Fmperor of Chu State. 昔三后之纯粹兮， In ancient times the three sagacious emperors Yu, 固众芳之所在。 Tang and Wenwang were pure and fair,thus worthy and 杂申椒与菌桂兮， upright people all flocked to them.They employed personel 岂维纫夫蕙蓝？ who were no onlyus but also outspoken, 彼尧舜之耿介兮， like fragrant prickly ash and cinnamon 既遵道而得路。 Ancient sages like Yao and Shun were just and honorable 何柒纣之猖被兮， They followed a right path,so they reached the desired end. 夫唯捷径以窘步。 While tyrants Jie and Zhou were aoan and wicked 推夫党人之输乐兮， They wanied to follow short cuts,but arived al blind alleys. 路幽昧以险阵。 They fored cliqestogain private ends. 岂余身之禅殃兮， Hence their future was dark and risky.I am not afraid of 恐皇舆之败绩。 incuring disastersIony worry about my country being 2
忽奔走以先后兮， overthmwn.I have hurried back and forth,always busying 及前王之踵武。 myself and hoping that the emperor of Chu would catch 荃不察余之中情兮， up with those ancient emperors.You emperor did no undersand 反信谏而磨怒。 my iner feelings.nstead,you listened to slanders and got 余固知寒赛之为惠兮， angy with me.I knew that honest advice would offend superios, 忍而不能舍也。 but I could not help doing so.I call heaven to bear witess for me. 指九天以为正兮， I have done everything for you,my emperor. 夫唯灵修之故也！ Once we made an agreement,but later you changed your mind 日黄昏以为期兮， and had other plans.It is not very hard for me to leave you. 羌中道而改路。 I only feel painful that you are so capricious! 初既与余成言兮， 后悔通而有他。 余既不难夫离别兮， 伤灵修之数化。 1.(3) The poet describes his efforts torain personnel for his state.But under the cumstance when most court offcals were insatiably greedy and exclusive,talents like flowers withered.How- ever,he still actively practised self-cultivation and followed the teachings of the ancient sage Pengxian. 余既滋兰之九死兮， have planted nine hectares of spring ohids and 100mu 又树蕙之百亩。 (1/16ha.)of autumn orchids.I have alsogown many beds of peony, 畦留夷与搁车兮， wild ginger and dahurian angelica.I hope they grow vigorously, 杂杜衡与芳芷。 so that I can harvest them when they are ripe. 冀枝叶之峻茂兮， It malters not much if they wither and die. 感骏时乎吾将刈。 What grieves me is that they deteriorate and becom otten 虽萎绝其亦何伤兮， They all make desperale effort to seek fortune. 表众芳之芜秽。 They are obsessed with the deaire for gain,and insatiably avaricious. 3
众皆竞进以贪婪兮， They are suspicious of others,but indulgent to themselves 凭不厌乎求索。 They intrigue against each other and are jealous of each other 羌内怒已以量人兮， They cury favor with their superiors,scramble for power and profi 各兴心而嫉炉。 I am not after these petty things.I feel old age is gradually 忽驰骜以追逐兮， approaching.I fear I could not establish a good reputation.n the 非余心之所急。 moming I drank dew drops on the lily magnola,and in the evening 老冉冉其将至兮， I ate fallen flowers of the autun chrysanthemums.Provided that 恐修名之不立。 Iremain faithful and true,what does it matter I become haggard! 朝饮木兰之坠露兮， I used tree ots totie orhids and stringed pistils of climbing fig 夕餐秋菊之落英。 together.I used cinnamon branches to combine orchids 苟余情其信垮以练要兮，and made long and slender cords with讪a climbing plant. 长颉领亦何伤。 I leam fom ancient sages,while vulgar people of the world cannot 揽木根以结蓝兮， do.Although I can hardly get along with present-day people 贯薜荔之落蕊。 I'll follow the teachings of the deceased sage Pengxian. 矫菌柱以翻蕙兮， 索胡绳之细缅。 寒吾法夫前修兮， 非世俗之所服。 虽不周于今之人兮， 愿依彭咸之遗则！ I.(4)As the emperor of Chu was muddle-headed and his petty courtiers were slanderous,the poet felt lonely in this foul world.But he stuck to his ideal and insisted on his principle 长太息以掩涕兮， I wiped my tears and heaved long sighs 哀民生之多艰。 I lamented over the hazard of life's joumey,in spite of the fact that 余虽好修螃以機羁兮，I paid attention toef-cultivation and have been strict with myself. 寒朝谇而夕替。 In the moming I was insulted,and in the evening I was dismissed
既替余以蕙缓兮， from ofice.They abused me for wearing orchids,and used me for 又申之以揽蓝。 plucking orchids,which I have longed for.I'll not regre even if die 亦余心之所善兮， several times.I blame the emperor of Chu for being so muddleheaded. 虽九死其犹未悔！ He failed to understand other people's sentiments all along 怨灵修之浩荡兮， Those wonwere jealous of my graceful figure,slandering that 终不察夫民心。 was licenous.Those uar people were by nature opportunistic. 众女嫉余之娥眉兮， They violated rulesand distored policies.They defed moral 谣谅谓余以善淫 standards and stuck to distortions.Their principle was to cury 固时俗之工巧兮， favor with their superios.Ifedep,worried and 偭规矩而政错。 disappointed.Now I am lonely and poor.I would rather 背绳墨以追曲兮， die and depart.I hate to flatter people. 党周容以为度： agles would not live with sparrows. 愧郁邑余佗傺兮， This is the way since ancient times. 吾独穷困乎此时也。 Squares and rounds cannot live in peace. 宁渣死以流亡兮， I would rather make concessions and control my emotions. 余不忍为此态也！ Iwould endure their blame and abuse. 营鸟之不群兮， Ionly wish I could keep myself clean and die an honest death 自前世而固然。 This kind of act was praised by ancient sages. 何方國之能周兮， 夫执异道而相安！ 屈心而柳志兮， 忍尤而镶话。 伏清白以死直兮， 固前圣之所厚！ I.(5)Since his ideal could not be realized,the poel retird to cuivatehis hter.He would not give up his ideal under any circumstance. 5
悔相道之不察兮， I regret I did not watch clearly my way ahead. 延伫乎吾将反。 I hesitated a while,then I tumed back my carriage to follow the 回联车以复路兮， original path.I halted in time while I went not far astray 及行迷之未远。 I led myhorse toto along the ochid iver bank 步余马于兰皋兮， gallop on the pepper hill,and stayed there for a while 驰椒丘且焉止息。 I entered the roal cour,but was not accepted by the emperor 进不入以离尤兮， Moreover,Ioffended people.So Iretired to mend my old clothes 退将复修吾初服。 I used waternut leaves to make my coat, 制芰荷以为衣兮， and used lotus flower to make my skir. 集芙蓉以为裳。 It does not matter if nobody understands me 不吾知其亦己兮， What I care for is only that my sentiments remain true and fragrant. 苟余情其信芳。 I wore a tall hat and a long belt 高余冠之发发兮， Although pure things and dirty things are oftenmixed up in this 长余佩之陆离。 world,yet ony pure qualityca last long 芳与泽其杂糅兮， Suddenly I tumed my head,and looked into the distance 唯昭质其犹未亏。 Iworeoofuments,which emitted a stong aroma 忽反顾以游目兮， Everybody has his own interest,but I especially love moral 将往观乎四荒。 cultivation.Io change my point of viewvenifIcometo 佩缤纷其繁饰兮， pieces.How coud I hesitate to pursue my ideal? 芳菲菲其弥章。 民生各有所乐兮， 余独好修以为常。 虽体解吾扰未变兮， 岂余心之可惩！ Ⅱ.(1 )In accordance with his elder sister's advice,the poet went south to present his idea and ideasto Emperor Shun of the Yu State.He quoted many historical events to explain his political views