汉语中的典故，谚语和在一定政治条件下形成的某些，术语和简化说法，汉语读者熟悉，一看明白，但 是英译读者就不明白这种现象叫文化缺省.所以翻译时必须增加注释拓宽输出信道. (1)以江泽民为核心的党中央坚持两手抓，两手都要硬的方针，从多方面加强精神文明建设.Te Party Central Committee with Jiang Zemin at the core,in adherence to the principle of placing equal emphasis on both material progress and ethnical cultural progress,with neither aspects neglected,has promoted ethical and cultural progress in all fields. (2)我们继续促进两岸人员往来，推进各项交流与合作，争取早日实现直接“三通”.Wew训 continue to promote personal contacts and all kinds of exchanges and cooperation between the two sides of the Taiwan Straights and try to realize direct links for postal,flight and shipping service and trade at early date. (3)济公劫富济贫，深受穷苦百姓爱戴 Ji Gong,Robin Hood in China,who robbed the rich and helped the poor,was quite popular among the common people. (4)东施效颦Don Shi,an ugly woman,knitting her eyebrows in imitation of the famous beauty Xi Shi only to make herself uglier-blindly copying others and making oneself look foolish. (5)乐园中最高的建筑是由新疆坎儿井研究会主办的坎儿井展厅，厅内有党和国家领导人参观坎 儿井的图片，有林则徐书写的条幅.The top structure here is the show hall of Karez well sponsored by Xinjiang's society of Karez study.where on display are pictures about the visits of the Party and state leaders to the Karez well and scrolls written by Lin Zexu(a famous anti-opium general exciled to Xinjiang in the Qing Dynasty). (6)新疆地形的特点是三山夹两盆， The topography in Xinjiang is characterized by two basins(the Tarim Basin and the Junggar Basin)hemmed in by three mountains (the Altay Mountains,the Tianshan Mountains and the Kunlun Mountains. 第五节增加非限定动词，完成形制架构 (1)北京有能力，也有信心高效、安全地组织大规模国际赛事。 Beijing is capable and confident enough to organize international events in safe and efficient manner. (2)他太年轻，不能胜任这个工作。 He is too young to take up this job
汉语中的典故,谚语和在一定政治条件下形成的某些,术语和简化说法,汉语读者熟悉,一看明白,但 是英译读者就不明白.这种现象叫文化缺省. 所以翻译时必须增加注释,拓宽输出信道. （1) 以江泽民为核心的党中央坚持两手抓,两手都要硬的方针,从多方面加强精神文明建设. The Party Central Committee with Jiang Zemin at the core, in adherence to the principle of placing equal emphasis on both material progress and ethnical cultural progress, with neither aspects neglected, has promoted ethical and cultural progress in all fields. （2) 我们继续促进两岸人员往来,推进各项交流与合作,争取早日实现直接 "三通". We will continue to promote personal contacts and all kinds of exchanges and cooperation between the two sides of the Taiwan Straights and try to realize direct links for postal, flight and shipping service and trade at early date. （3) 济公劫富济贫,深受穷苦百姓爱戴. Ji Gong, Robin Hood in China, who robbed the rich and helped the poor, was quite popular among the common people. （4) 东施效颦 Don Shi, an ugly woman, knitting her eyebrows in imitation of the famous beauty Xi Shi only to make herself uglier-blindly copying others and making oneself look foolish. （5) 乐园中最高的建筑是由新疆坎儿井研究会主办的坎儿井展厅,厅内有党和国家领导人参观坎 儿井的图片,有林则徐书写的条幅. The top structure here is the show hall of Karez well sponsored by Xinjiang’s society of Karez study, where on display are pictures about the visits of the Party and state leaders to the Karez well and scrolls written by Lin Zexu (a famous anti-opium general exciled to Xinjiang in the Qing Dynasty). （6) 新疆地形的特点是三山夹两盆. The topography in Xinjiang is characterized by two basins (the Tarim Basin and the Junggar Basin) hemmed in by three mountains (the Altay Mountains, the Tianshan Mountains and the Kunlun Mountains. 第五节 增加非限定动词，完成形制架构 （1）北京有能力，也有信心高效、安全地组织大规模国际赛事。 Beijing is capable and confident enough to organize international events in safe and efficient manner. （2)他太年轻，不能胜任这个工作。 He is too young to take up this job
第四章：词的省略 第一节巧用英语曲折变化 现代英语的曲折变化，主要有性，数，格，时态，体，语态，语气，人称，词类和比较级等变 化。英语的曲折变化翻译为汉语时有的消失，有的转换为词的形式。反过来，汉译英时，有些词语 的意思可以利用英语的曲折变化传达，没设有必要翻译出来。这样可以避免英语表达中意思重复，使 译文更为简洁。 1.1时态表达法 1、现在我们总此过去好得多。Anyway,.things are much better than before.《邓小平文选》 2、又比如上海，目前完全有条件搞得更快一点。Shanghai is another example.It has all the necessary conditions for faster progress.《邓小平文选》 3、当前，全世界都在关注着我国的改革。The whole world is watching the reforms in our country.《邓小平文选》 1,2数的表达方法 1、我们应当采取一系列措施，确保高校迎评工作顺利展开。 We should adopt measures to ensure that the teaching assessment for higher education might proceed well. 2、在这一时期，多种物资的供应严重缺乏。 Throughout this period there was a severe shortage in the supply of goods. 3、第二个内容是权利要下放，解决中央和地方的关系，同时地方各级也都有一个权利下放问 题。《邓小平文选》 Second,we should transfer some of the powers of the central authorities to local authorities in order to straignten out relations between the two.At the same time,local authorities should likewise transfer some of their powers to lower levels. 4、继续开辟和疏通多种渠道，切实保障人民群众的民主权利。 We should continue to open channels to guarantee the people's democratic rights. 第二节利用完备形制，隐现词语 1、"文化大革命"十年浩劫，中国吃了苦头。中国吃苦头不只这十年，这以前，从1957年下半年 开始，我们就犯了"左"的错误。China suffered greatly from the ten-year disaster,.the"cultueal
第四章: 词的省略 第一节 巧用英语曲折变化 现代英语的曲折变化，主要有性，数，格，时态，体，语态，语气，人称，词类和比较级等变 化。英语的曲折变化翻译为汉语时有的消失，有的转换为词的形式。反过来，汉译英时，有些词语 的意思可以利用英语的曲折变化传达，没有必要翻译出来。这样可以避免英语表达中意思重复，使 译文更为简洁。 I.1时态表达法 1、 现在我们总比过去好得多。Anyway, things are much better than before. 《邓小平文选》 2 、又比如上海，目前完全有条件搞得更快一点。Shanghai is another example. It has all the necessary conditions for faster progress. 《邓小平文选》 3、 当前，全世界都在关注着我国的改革。The whole world is watching the reforms in our country. 《邓小平文选》 I.2 数的表达方法 1、我们应当采取一系列措施，确保高校迎评工作顺利展开。 We should adopt measures to ensure that the teaching assessment for higher education might proceed well. 2、 在这一时期，多种物资的供应严重缺乏。 Throughout this period there was a severe shortage in the supply of goods. 3 、第二个内容是权利要下放，解决中央和地方的关系，同时地方各级也都有一个权利下放问 题。《邓小平文选》 Second, we should transfer some of the powers of the central authorities to local authorities in order to straignten out relations between the two. At the same time, local authorities should likewise transfer some of their powers to lower levels. 4 、继续开辟和疏通多种渠道，切实保障人民群众的民主权利。 We should continue to open channels to guarantee the people’s democratic rights. 第二节 利用完备形制， 隐现词语 1、"文化大革命"十年浩劫，中国吃了苦头。中国吃苦头不只这十年，这以前，从1957年下半年 开始，我们就犯了"左"的错误。China suffered greatly from the ten-year disaster, the "cultueal
revolution".In fact,not just from that:as early as the second half of 1957 we began to make"Left" mistakes.《邓小平文选》 2、由于受许多变量的影响，这种问题很难通过几次运算就能简化. Affected by a great number of variables,the problem is difficult to be simplified through several operations. 3、要是下三天的雨，难道我就在这儿住三天不成？Am I to stay here for three days it rains that long? 4、调动人民积极性的最中心的环节，还是发展生产力，提高人民的生活水平生产力发展了，人民 积极性调动起来了，社会主义国家的力量就增强了，社会主义制度就巩固了.(《邓小平文选》The chief purpose of mobilizing the people's initiative is to develop the productive forces and raise living standards.This in turn will help increase the strength of our socialist country and consolidate the socialist system. 第三节删除重复部分 当重复没有正当理由时，要删除重复。 1、他强调，国务院各部门在反腐败斗争中责任重大，所处的地位非常重要。（李鹏在国务院全 体会议上的讲话，1993年9月17日) He stressed that all State Council departments have an important responsibility in the struggle 2、解放后上海工人的政治地位是不是发生了变化？回答是肯定的。而且这种变化是根本性的 变化，不是无足轻重的变化，因为工人阶级已经摆脱了受剥削的地位，成为统治阶级的一员。 Has the political status of the Shanghai workers undergone any changes since Liberation? Yes.it has,and the change is absolutely fundamental,because they are no longer members of an exploited class but members of a leading class. 3、政府同企事业的关系上，要按照自主经营，自主管理的原则，将经营管理权下放到企事业单 位，逐步做到各单位的事情由各单位自己管，政府的责任是按照法规政策为企业服务并进行监督。 It is essential to delegate powers of operation,management,and administration to enterprises and institutions,so as to let them manage their own affairs with full authority. 4、增强自立意识，竞争意识，效率意识，民主法制意识和开拓创新意识。 Increase the awareness about self-reliance,competition,efficiency.and democracy and the rule of law,as well as the pioneering and innovation spirit
revolution". In fact, not just from that: as early as the second half of 1957 we began to make "Left" mistakes. 《邓小平文选》 2、由于受许多变量的影响,这种问题很难通过几次运算就能简化. Affected by a great number of variables, the problem is difficult to be simplified through several operations. 3、要是下三天的雨,难道我就在这儿住三天不成? Am I to stay here for three days it rains that long? 4、 调动人民积极性的最中心的环节,还是发展生产力,提高人民的生活水平.生产力发展了,人民 积极性调动起来了,社会主义国家的力量就增强了,社会主义制度就巩固了. (《邓小平文选》The chief purpose of mobilizing the people’s initiative is to develop the productive forces and raise living standards. This in turn will help increase the strength of our socialist country and consolidate the socialist system. 第三节 删除重复部分 当重复没有正当理由时，要删除重复。 1、 他强调，国务院各部门在反腐败斗争中责任重大，所处的地位非常重要。（李鹏在国务院全 体会议上的讲话，1993年9月17日） He stressed that all State Council departments have an important responsibility in the struggle. 2、 解放后上海工人的政治地位是不是发生了变化？回答是肯定的。而且这种变化是根本性的 变化，不是无足轻重的变化，因为工人阶级已经摆脱了受剥削的地位，成为统治阶级的一员。 Has the political status of the Shanghai workers undergone any changes since Liberation? Yes, it has, and the change is absolutely fundamental, because they are no longer members of an exploited class but members of a leading class. 3、 政府同企事业的关系上，要按照自主经营，自主管理的原则，将经营管理权下放到企事业单 位，逐步做到各单位的事情由各单位自己管，政府的责任是按照法规政策为企业服务并进行监督。 It is essential to delegate powers of operation, management, and administration to enterprises and institutions, so as to let them manage their own affairs with full authority. 4 、增强自立意识，竞争意识，效率意识，民主法制意识和开拓创新意识。 Increase the awareness about self-reliance, competition, efficiency, and democracy and the rule of law, as well as the pioneering and innovation spirit
5、高交会已成为中国高新技术领域对外开放的重要窗口之一，成为广大海内外客商展示实 力，获取信息，加强交流，寻求合作的重要舞台。 The CHTF has become an important meeting ground for international high-tech organizations to display their products and services,exchange information,and provide support to business people at home and abroad. 6、发展新兴产业和高新技术产业.把开发新技术新产品新产业同开拓市场结合起来把发展 技术密集型产业和劳动密集型产业结合起来。 We should develop rising high-tech industries.combine the efforts to develop new technologies,products and industries with the efforts to open up markets and integrate the development of technology-intensive with labor-intensive industries. 7、我们可利用的矛盾存在着，对我们有利的条件存在着，机遇存在着，问题是要善于把握。 There are contradictions that we can use,conditions that are favorable to us,opportunities that we can take advantage of-the problem is to seize them at the right moment. 8、大力提倡社会公德，职业道德和家庭道德， We should vigorously advocate social,occupational and family ethics. 第四节无实际意义词有时省译 汉语中不少名词如：情况，情景，观点，面貌，发展，质量，事业，工作，问题，态度等有时具有具体意义，有 时没有，或具体意义含义不多在后者情况下，可以不泽 1、她的朋友们听到她家中的困难情况后都主动伸出援助之手】 After her friends heard about her family difficulties,they offered a helping hand 2、师生关系愈好，就愈有利于教学质量的提高. The closer relations between teachers and students,the more chances for improving teaching. 3、我们已经结束了文化大革命时期的社会动乱和纷扰不安的局面， We have put an end to the social unrest and upheaval during that period of the Cultural Revolution 第五节省去过多修饰语 新闻翻译中忽视语言习惯的另一种情况是在英译中过多地使用修饰词汉语新闻中经常出现修饰 词，以加重语气而译成英语时需要斟酌，不能一字一字地照译，否则往往强调过头，削弱了原文的力量
5、 高交会已成为中国高新技术领域对外开放的重要窗口之一，成为广大海内外客商展示实 力，获取信息，加强交流，寻求合作的重要舞台。 The CHTF has become an important meeting ground for international high-tech organizations to display their products and services, exchange information, and provide support to business people at home and abroad. 6、发展新兴产业和高新技术产业.把开发新技术,新产品,新产业同开拓市场结合起来,把发展 技术密集型产业和劳动密集型产业结合起来. We should develop rising high-tech industries.combine the efforts to develop new technologies, products and industries with the efforts to open up markets and integrate the development of technology-intensive with labor-intensive industries. 7、 我们可利用的矛盾存在着,对我们有利的条件存在着,机遇存在着,问题是要善于把握. There are contradictions that we can use, conditions that are favorable to us, opportunities that we can take advantage of-the problem is to seize them at the right moment. 8、大力提倡社会公德,职业道德和家庭道德. We should vigorously advocate social, occupational and family ethics. 第四节 无实际意义词有时省译 汉语中不少名词如:情况,情景,观点,面貌,发展,质量,事业,工作,问题,态度等有时具有具体意义,有 时没有,或具体意义含义不多.在后者情况下,可以不译. 1、她的朋友们听到她家中的困难情况后都主动伸出援助之手. After her friends heard about her family difficulties, they offered a helping hand. 2、师生关系愈好,就愈有利于教学质量的提高. The closer relations between teachers and students, the more chances for improving teaching. 3、我们已经结束了文化大革命时期的社会动乱和纷扰不安的局面. We have put an end to the social unrest and upheaval during that period of the Cultural Revolution. 第五节 省去过多修饰语 新闻翻译中忽视语言习惯的另一种情况是在英译中过多地使用修饰词.汉语新闻中经常出现修饰 词,以加重语气. 而译成英语时需要斟酌,不能一字一字地照译,否则往往强调过头,削弱了原文的力量