Chapter 1 morphology, structure and function of prokaryotes 原核生物的形态,结构和功能
Chapter 1 morphology , structure and function of prokaryotes 原核生物的形态，结构和功能
section A Prokaryotes and eukaryotes major differences Within the microbial world can be found two different categories of cell type/ prokaryote and eukaryote
Prokaryotes and eukaryotes major differences section A Within the microbial world can be found two different categories of cell type/ prokaryote and eukaryote
DNA free in the cytoplasm o DNA is contained with a membra- Only one chromosome ne bound nucleus. A nucleolus is also present o dNA associated with .>1 chromosome, Two copies of histone-like proteins each chromosome may be present ● May contain diploid extrachromosomal o DNA complexed with histone elements called plasmids proteins Introns not found in RNA o Plasmids only found in yeast o Cell division by binary Introns found in all genes fission -asexual replication. Cells divide by mitosis o o Exchange of genetic information o Transfer of genetic occurs during sexual reproduction Meiosis leads to the production information occurs by conjugation, transduction of haploid cells(gametes)which can fuse and transformation
⚫ DNA free in the cytoplasm ⚫ Only one chromosome ⚫ DNA associated with histone-like proteins ⚫ May contain extrachromosomal elements called Plasmids ⚫ Introns not found in mRNA ⚫ Cell division by binary fission - asexual replication only ⚫ Transfer of genetic information occurs by conjugation, transduction and transformation ⚫ DNA is contained with a membrane bound nucleus. A nucleolus is also present ⚫ >1 chromosome. Two copies of each chromosome may be present (diploid) ⚫ DNA complexed with histone proteins ⚫ Plasmids only found in yeast ⚫ Introns found in all genes ⚫ Cells divide by mitosis ⚫ Exchange of genetic information occurs during sexual reproduction. Meiosis leads to the production of haploid cells (gametes) which can fuse
原核生物和真核生物遗传的和细胞组装上的主要差别 遗传物质的组装和复制 DNA在细胞质中游离。DNA在膜包围的核中,只有 只有一个染色体 DNA与类组蛋自连系。多于一个染色体,每个染色体 含有染色体外的遗传物是双拷贝(双倍体 质,称为质粒 0DNA与组蛋白连系 在mRNA中没有发现内。只在酵母中发现质粒 所有基因中都发现内子 0地分裂以等分裂方到胞分烈为有丝分裂 遗传信思传可通过接进传信是分生在有性 转导、转化发生 。单傜体细胞(配孑),它们能融 原核生物 真核生物
原核生物和真核生物遗传的和细胞组装上的主要差别 ⚫ DNA在细胞质中游离 ⚫ 只有一个染色体 ⚫ DNA与类组蛋白连系 ⚫ 含有染色体外的遗传物 质，称为质粒 ⚫ 在mRNA中没有发现内 含子 ⚫ 细胞分裂以二等分裂方 式，只有无性繁殖 ⚫ 遗传信息传递可通过接 合、转导、转化发生 ⚫ DNA在膜包围的核中，只有一 个核仁 ⚫ 多于一个染色体，每个染色体 是双拷贝(双倍体) ⚫ DNA与组蛋白连系 ⚫ 只在酵母中发现质粒 ⚫ 所有基因中都发现内含子 ⚫ 细胞分裂为有丝分裂 ⚫ 遗传信息交换发生在有性繁殖 过程，减数分裂导致产生 ⚫ 单倍体细胞(配子)，它们能融合 .原核生物. 真核生物 遗传物质的组装和复制
Cellular organization of prokaryotes 1. Cytoplasmic membrane contains hopanoids lipopoly saccharides, and teichoic acids found 2. Energy metabolism associated with the cytoplasmic membrane 3. Photosynthesis associated with membrane systems and vesicles in cytoplasm 4. Flagella consist of one protein, flagellin 5. Ribosomes -7OS 6. Peptidoglycan cell walls(eubacteria only: different polymers in archaebacteria)
1. Cytoplasmic membrane contains hopanoids lipopolysaccharides, and teichoic acids found 2. Energy metabolism associated with the cytoplasmic membrane 3. Photosynthesis associated with membrane systems and vesicles in cytoplasm 4. Flagella consist of one protein ，flagellin 5. Ribosomes - 70S 6. Peptidoglycan cell walls (eubacteria only:different polymers in archaebacteria) Cellular organization of prokaryotes