Section 3. Techniques of bacterial genetics: in vitro In vitro: operate genetic material in the test tube Restriction Enzymes Molecular cloning Amplifying dnA: PCR
Section 3. Techniques of bacterial genetics: in vitro In vitro: operate genetic material in the test tube Restriction Enzymes Molecular Cloning Amplifying DNA: PCR
WORKING GLOSSARY Auxotroph an organism that has developed a nutritional requirement through mutation Cloning vector genetic element into which genes can be recombined and replicated Conjugation transfer of genes from one prokaryotic cell to another by a mechanism involving cell-to-cell contact and a plasmid Diploid a eukaryotic cell or organism containing two sets of chromosomes Electroporation the use of an electric pulse to induce cells to take up free dna Gene disruption use of genetic techniques to inactivate a gene by inserting within it a DNa fragment containing an easily selectable marker. The inserted fragment is called a cassette and the process of Insertion, cassette mutagenesis
Auxotroph an organism that has developed a nutritional requirement through mutation Cloning vector genetic element into which genes can be recombined and replicated Conjugation transfer of genes from one prokaryotic cell to another by a mechanism involving cell-to-cell contact and a plasmid Diploid a eukaryotic cell or organism containing two sets of chromosomes Electroporation the use of an electric pulse to induce cells to take up free DNA Gene disruption use of genetic techniques to inactivate a gene by inserting within it a DNA fragment containing an easily selectable marker. The inserted fragment is called a cassette, and the process of insertion, cassette mutagenesis WORKING GLOSSARY
Genetic map the arrangement of genes on a chromosome Genome the total complement of genes of a cell or a virus Genotype the precise genetic makeup of an organism Hybridization formation of a duplex nucleic acid molecule with strands derived from different sources by complementary base pairing Molecular cloning isolation and incorporation of a fragment of DNA into a vector where it can be replicated Haploid a cell or organism that has only one set of chromosomes Mutagens agents that cause mutation Mutant an organism whose genome carries a mutation Mutation an inheritable change in the base sequence of the genome of an organism
Genetic map the arrangement of genes on a chromosome Genome the total complement of genes of a cell or a virus Genotype the precise genetic makeup of an organism Hybridization formation of a duplex nucleic acid molecule with strands derived from different sources by complementary base pairing Molecular cloning isolation and incorporation of a fragment of DNA into a vector where it can be replicated Haploid a cell or organism that has only one set of chromosomes Mutagens agents that cause mutation Mutant an organism whose genome carries a mutation Mutation an inheritable change in the base sequence of the genome of an organism
Nucleic acid probe a strand of nucleic acid that can be labeled and used to hybridize to a complementary molecule from mixture of other nucleic acids Phenotype the observable characteristics of an organism Plasmid an extrachromosomal genetic element that has no extracellular form Point mutation a mutation that involves one or only a very few base pairs Polymerase chain reaction(PCR)a method used to amplify a specific dNa sequence in vitro by repeated cycles of synthesis using specific primers and dna polymerase Recombination the process by which parts or all of the DNA molecules from two separate sources are exchanged or brought together into a single unit
Nucleic acid probe a strand of nucleic acid that can be labeled and used to hybridize to a complementary molecule from mixture of other nucleic acids Phenotype the observable characteristics of an organism Plasmid an extrachromosomal genetic element that has no extracellular form Point mutation a mutation that involves one or only a very few base pairs Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) a method used to amplify a specific DNA sequence in vitro by repeated cycles of synthesis using specific primers and DNA polymerase Recombination the process by which parts or all of the DNA molecules from two separate sources are exchanged or brought together into a single unit
Restriction enzyme an enzyme that recognizes and makes double-stranded breaks at specific DNa sequences Shotgun cloning making a gene library by closing random DNA fragments Site-directed mutagenesis a technique whereby a gene with a specific mutation can be constructed in vitro Synthetic dna a dna molecule made by a chemical process in a laboratory Transduction transfer of host genes from one cell to another by a virus Transformation transfer of bacterial genes involving free DNA Transposon a type of transposable element that carries genes in addition to those involved in transposition
Restriction enzyme an enzyme that recognizes and makes double-stranded breaks at specific DNA sequences Shotgun cloning making a gene library by closing random DNA fragments Site-directed mutagenesis a technique whereby a gene with a specific mutation can be constructed in vitro Synthetic DNA a DNA molecule made by a chemical process in a laboratory Transduction transfer of host genes from one cell to another by a virus Transformation transfer of bacterial genes involving free DNA Transposon a type of transposable element that carries genes in addition to those involved in transposition