H/Pt C-C TThis is a reduction reaction and it also can be called as an addition reaction B 2 C-C Br Br TThis is an addition reaction but in fact it can be conidered as an oxidation reaction
C C H2 / Pt C C H H This is a reduction reaction, and it also can be called as an addition reaction C C Br2 C C B r B r This is an addition reaction, but in fact, it can be conidered as an oxidation reaction
● Oxidation State(氧化态) O--number of c-z bonds(z=o,n or X) OXIDATION REACTION 0 CH4 CH3OH HCH HCOH o=C=0 CH3OCH3 CH3CH(CH3) CH3COH HOCOH OCH3 CH3CH(CH3) CH3COCH3 CH3OCOCH 3 OCH3 NC H3 CH3NH2(CH3) CH2 CCH 3 CH3CNH2(CH3) CH3OCNHCH CErcI CH3CCI CICCI
Oxidation State（氧化态） ——number of C-Z bonds( Z= O, N, or X ) CH4 CH3OH O O HCH HCOH O C O 0 1 2 3 4 CH3OCH3 CH3CH(CH3 ) O O CH3COH O HOCOH CH3CH(CH3 ) OCH3 OCH3 O CH3COCH3 O CH3OCOCH3 CH3N H2 (CH3 ) CH3CCH3 NCH3 O CH3CNH2 (CH3 ) O CH3OCNHCH3 CH3Cl O CH3CCl O ClCCl OXIDATION REACTION
二、还原反应—催化氢化 1. Reduction by Addition of Two Hydrogen Atoms(通过加氢的还原) ●-- Catalytic Hydrogenation(催化氢化) alkenes(c=C )alkynes(c=c) imines(C=N), nitriles(c=n) aldehydes or ketones(C=0) .* carboxylic acids and their esters, amides can not be reduced by this way
二、还原反应——催化氢化 1. Reduction by Addition of Two Hydrogen Atoms （通过加氢的还原） ----Catalytic Hydrogenation （催化氢化） ---- alkenes ( C=C ), alkynes ( C=C ) ---- imines ( C=N ), nitriles ( C=N ) ---- aldehydes or ketones ( C=O ) *---- carboxylic acids and their esters, amides can not be reduced by this way
●催化氢化的机理还没有完全研究清楚,通常 认为氢吸附在金属的表面,烯烃也通过p-轨 道与金属络合,然后烯烃与氢加成 ●其立体化学特征是— Syn-addition H一H 7777 C—c 刀7
催化氢化的机理还没有完全研究清楚，通常 认为氢吸附在金属的表面，烯烃也通过p-轨 道与金属络合，然后烯烃与氢加成 其立体化学特征是——Syn-addition H H H H C C H H C C H H
e Hydrogenation of C-c double and triple bonds.烷烃或顺式烯烃的合成 ●炔烃的催化氢化在特殊的催化剂,如 Lindlar 催化剂,作用下可以停留在双键阶段 H,/Pt Pd or ni CHCH,CHCH 2 CH3CH2 CH2CH3 CH3CH2CH2C=CH H2/Pt, Pd,or Ni CH3CH2 CH, CH3 H/Lindlar's cat CH3 CH3C≡ccH3 C-C H H
Hydrogenation of C-C double and triple bonds——烷烃或顺式烯烃的合成 炔烃的催化氢化在特殊的催化剂，如Lindlar 催化剂，作用下可以停留在双键阶段 CH3 CH2 CH=CH2 CH3 CH2 CH2 CH3 CH3 CH2 CH2 C C H CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH3 CH3 C CCH3 C C C H3 H H3 C H H2 / Pt, Pd, or Ni H2 / Pt, Pd, or Ni H2 / Lindlar's cat