Industrial Importance Acetone and methyl ethyl ketone are important solvents. Formaldehyde used in polymers like Bakelite®.胶木 Flavorings and additives like vanilla, cinnamon,artificial butter
Industrial Importance ◼Acetone and methyl ethyl ketone are important solvents. ◼Formaldehyde used in polymers like Bakelite. ◼Flavorings and additives like vanilla, cinnamon, artificial butter. 胶木
TABLE 18-4 Ketones and Aldehydes Used in Household Products 0 CH,O CHO CHO CH,-CH,-CH,-C-H _-CH HO butyraldehyde 香兰素 vanillin acetophenone Odor: buttery vanilla pistachio 开心果 n-inan阂 cinnamon Uses: margarine,foods foods,perfumes ice cream candy,foods,drugs 人造奶油 香芹 麝香酮 樟脑 camphor pyrethrin除虫菊酯 carvone muscone Odor: "camphoraceous'” floral (-)enantiomer:spearmint 薄荷 musky aroma linimens,h擦剂，吸剂 (+)enantiomer:caraway seed 麝香香料 Uses: plant insecticide candy,toothpaste,etc. 香芹籽 perfumes
人造奶油 香兰素 开心果 肉桂 樟脑 除虫菊酯 香芹 麝香酮 擦剂,吸剂 香芹籽 薄荷 麝香香料
OH Tautomers R R R 互变异构体， Keto tautomer Enol tautomer 酸碱对烯醇式都 ⊕ 有促进作用 Step 1 Step 2 CH H
互变异构体 ， 酸碱对烯醇式都 有促进作用 Tautomers O O O H O CH O O O H O O H O O O O H O CH O O O H O O H O
结构对烯醇型含量的影响 名称 化合物结构 烯醇型含量 0 丙酮 CH:CCH3 2.4X104 环己酮 2.00X10-2 00 乙酰乙酸乙酯 CH:CCHCOC2Hs 7.5 00 苯甲酰乙酸乙酯 CCH2COC2Hs 21 0 0 乙酰丙酮 CH.CCH2CCH3 80 0 0 苯甲酰丙酮 CCH2CCH: 99
结构对烯醇型含量的影响 名称 化合物结构 烯醇型含量 丙酮 环己酮 乙酰乙酸乙酯 苯甲酰乙酸乙酯 乙酰丙酮 苯甲酰丙酮 CH3CCH3 O O CH3CCH2COC2H5 O O CCH2COC2H5 O O CH3CCH2CCH3 O O CCH2CCH3 O O 2.4X10 -4 2.00X10 -2 7.5 21 80 99
Keto Tautomer Enol Tautomer %Enol Tautomer 0 pKa=9 pure liqud water solution hexane solution CH3 H2 76 20 92 2,4-pentanedione 00 pK=11 H2 C2H5 8 0.4 46 ethyl acetoacetate 0 pK,=13 <0.1 0 <1 diethyl malonate