Lecture 27 Modification x ■修饰(一):词组中的修饰语 ■修饰”( Modification)是扩展基本句型使之成 为生动的、能表达丰富思想的重要语法手段。 我们知道,基本句型多半是一些不带修饰语的 骨架,而实际使用中的句子则像活人一样总都 是有血有肉的,带有各式各样的修饰语,比如 说, Rain fel这样一个句式,从结构上看,是个 完整的SV句型,但它并没有表达多少意思。 ■如果在该句的主语和谓语中各加一点修饰语,A gentle rain fell steadily,那末“绵绵细雨下个不 停”的意思就基本上表达出来了,这就是修饰 的表意作用
Lecture 27 Modification ◼ 修饰（一）：词组中的修饰语 ◼ 修饰”（Modification）是扩展基本句型使之成 为生动的、能表达丰富思想的重要语法手段。 ◼ 我们知道，基本句型多半是一些不带修饰语的 骨架，而实际使用中的句子则像活人一样总都 是有血有肉的，带有各式各样的修饰语，比如 说，Rain fell这样一个句式，从结构上看，是个 完整的SV句型，但它并没有表达多少意思。 ◼ 如果在该句的主语和谓语中各加一点修饰语，A gentle rain fell steadily，那末“绵绵细雨下个不 停”的意思就基本上表达出来了，这就是修饰 的表意作用
■1修饰语概说 在句子中,几乎每个部分都可增添修饰语,修饰语可 以采取多种多样的形式:词、词组、从句都能充当修 饰语,而修饰语本身又还可以带有自己的修饰语,这 就可能形成多层次修饰,表达更加丰富的思想。例如: a The wild animals which had escaped from the zoo were recaptured early today when officials from the park rounded up the last weary lion walking down Main Street ■今天早些时候,动物园管理人员将在大街上游荡的最 后一头困乏的狮子围捕入笼,至此从动物园逃跑的野 生动物都已重新捕获 我们可以把上句中的修饰语和被修饰语表示如下:
◼ 1 修饰语概说 ◼ 在句子中，几乎每个部分都可增添修饰语，修饰语可 以采取多种多样的形式：词、词组、从句都能充当修 饰语，而修饰语本身又还可以带有自己的修饰语，这 就可能形成多层次修饰，表达更加丰富的思想。例如： ◼ The wild animals which had escaped from the zoo were recaptured early today when officials from the park rounded up the last weary lion walking down Main Street． ◼ 今天早些时候，动物园管理人员将在大街上游荡的最 后一头困乏的狮子围捕入笼，至此从动物园逃跑的野 生动物都已重新捕获。 ◼ 我们可以把上句中的修饰语和被修饰语表示如下：
The wild animals which had escaped from the zoo were recaptured early today when officials from the park rounded up the last weary lion walking down Main Street 被修饰语 修饰语 animals the wild which had escaped from the zoo were recaptured early today when officials. Main street had escaped from the zoo officials from the park lion the last weary walking down Main Street ■ walking down main street
◼ The wild animals which had escaped from the zoo were recaptured early today when officials from the park rounded up the last weary lion walking down Main Street． ◼ 被修饰语 修饰语 ◼ animals the ◼ wild ◼ which had escaped from the zoo ◼ were recaptured early today ◼ when officials…Main Street ◼ had escaped from the zoo ◼ officials from the park ◼ lion the ◼ last ◼ weary ◼ walking down Main Street ◼ walking down Main Street
2两类修饰语 由以上例句可以看出,修饰语可以分为两大类: 类是词组里的修饰语,如wild, which had escaped from the zoo; 另一类是作为句子成分的修饰语,即“状语”( Adverbial), pearly today, when officials. down Main Street ■‘状语”当然也是一种修饰语,但它和词组中的修饰语不在同 层次上,前者为句子(分句)成分,而后者仅为词组的组成部 分,两者是有本质区别的。试观察下列诸句中的修饰语 al The farmer was digging the ground in the garden 那农夫在园圃里掘地 in the garden是状语,修饰 was digging the gro ound a [2] The man in the garden is the owner of the farm 园圃里的那个人是农场主。 in the garden是名词修饰语; [3] He made me thoroughly angry.他使我非常生气。 thoroughly修饰 angry;
◼ 2 两类修饰语 ◼ 由以上例句可以看出，修饰语可以分为两大类： ◼ 一类是词组里的修饰语，如wild，which had escaped from the zoo； ◼ 另一类是作为句子成分的修饰语，即“状语”（Adverbial）， 如early today，when officials …down Main Street。 ◼ “状语”当然也是一种修饰语，但它和词组中的修饰语不在同一 层次上，前者为句子（分句）成分，而后者仅为词组的组成部 分，两者是有本质区别的。试观察下列诸句中的修饰语： ◼ [1] The farmer was digging the ground in the garden． 那农夫在园圃里掘地。 ◼ in the garden是状语，修饰was digging the ground； ◼ [2] The man in the garden is the owner of the farm． 园圃里的那个人是农场主。 ◼ in the garden 是名词修饰语； ◼ [3] He made me thoroughly angry. 他使我非常生气。 ◼ thoroughly修饰angry；
[4 The policemen searched the criminal's house thoroughly 警察彻底地搜查了罪犯的家。 thoroughly是状语,修饰 searched the criminal's house; [5] He knows this place well.他很熟悉这个地方 wel是状语,修饰 knows this place 6 I can't reach it; it's well above my head 我够不到它,它远远高过我的头。 wel修饰介词 above,是介词词组的一部分 [7 On her small income they live very simply 靠她那点收入,他们生活简朴 very simply是状语,修饰live; 8 I simply couldn,'t understand his lecture 我简直无法理解他的讲演 simply修饰 couldn t understand,是动词的修饰语,是动词词组的 部分
◼ [4] The policemen searched the criminal's house thoroughly． 警察彻底地搜查了罪犯的家。 ◼ thoroughly是状语，修饰searched the criminal's house； ◼ [5] He knows this place well．他很熟悉这个地方。 ◼ well是状语，修饰knows this place； ◼ [6] I can't reach it；it's well above my head． 我够不到它，它远远高过我的头。 ◼ well修饰介词above，是介词词组的一部分； ◼ [7] On her small income they live very simply． 靠她那点收入，他们生活简朴。 ◼ very simply是状语，修饰live； ◼ [8] I simply couldn't understand his lecture． 我简直无法理解他的讲演。 ◼ simply修饰couldn't understand，是动词的修饰语，是动词词组的 一部分