Lecture 24: Attributive clause ■定语从句关系分句( Attributive/ Relative clauses 在句中做定语,修饰一个名词或代词,被修饰 的名词词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出 现在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系 副词)引出 关系代词有:who,whom, whose,that, which等 关系副词有:when, where,why等 ■1关系代词引导的定语从句 ■关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代 词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分, 关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动 词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致
Lecture 24: Attributive Clause ◼ 定语从句/关系分句（Attributive/Relative Clauses） 在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰 的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出 现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系 副词）引出。 ◼ 关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。 ◼ 关系副词有：when, where, why等。 ◼ 1 关系代词引导的定语从句 ◼ 关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代 词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。 关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动 词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致
■1)who,whom,that 这些词代替先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中所起作用如下 Is he the man who/ that wants to see you? 他就是你想见的人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语) He is the man whom/ that i saw yesterday 他就是我昨天见的那个人。( whom/that在从句中作宾语) 注意: i.who的前行词必须是人,在从句中可以担任主语,往往也可 以代替在从句中担任宾语的whom,但是它前边不能有介词,如 果带了介词就必须用宾格的whom(介词+whom) This is the teacher who teaches us mathematics She is the girl who(whom) I met at the party.(可以替代) She is the girl whom(who) I went there with.(可以替代) a She is the girl with whom I went there (不可替代)
◼ 1）who, whom, that ◼ 这些词代替先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下： ◼ Is he the man who/that wants to see you? ◼ 他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语） ◼ He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. ◼ 他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语） ◼ 注意： ◼ i. who 的前行词必须是人，在从句中可以担任主语，往往也可 以代替在从句中担任宾语的whom, 但是它前边不能有介词，如 果带了介词就必须用宾格的whom（介词+whom） ◼ This is the teacher who teaches us mathematics. ◼ She is the girl who (whom) I met at the party. （可以替代） ◼ She is the girl whom (who) I went there with. （可以替代） ◼ She is the girl with whom I went there. （不可替代）
i.who,that在很多情况下可以通用,但是有些情况只能用who: A.先行词是one,ones, anyone的时候宜用who a One who has nothing to fear for oneself dares to tell the truth The ones who flatter me dont please me Don t tell anyone about the news who oughtn tto know it Anyone who fails to finish the task given should be criticized B.先行词为 those的时候,宜用who为关系代词 Those who were not fit for their work could not see the beautiful clothes made of the magic cloth Those who want to go to the great Wall sign up here C.当先行词有比较长的后置定语的时候 I met a foreigner in the street yesterday who could asked me questions in chinese D.一个句子中带有两个定语从句,其中一个定语从句的关系代词为that,另一 个则用who The boy that you met last night is the group leader who studies very hard E.在 there be开头的句子中 There is an old man who wants to see you a There are many young men who are against him
◼ ii. who，that在很多情况下可以通用，但是有些情况只能用who: ◼ A. 先行词是one, ones, anyone的时候宜用who. ◼ One who has nothing to fear for oneself dares to tell the truth. ◼ The ones who flatter me don’t please me. ◼ Don’t tell anyone about the news who oughtn’tto know it. ◼ Anyone who fails to finish the task given should be criticized. ◼ B. 先行词为those的时候，宜用who为关系代词 ◼ Those who were not fit for their work could not see the beautiful clothes made of the magic cloth. ◼ Those who want to go to the Great Wall sign up here. ◼ C. 当先行词有比较长的后置定语的时候 ◼ I met a foreigner in the street yesterday who could asked me questionsin Chinese. ◼ D. 一个句子中带有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词为that,另一 个则用who. ◼ The boy that you met last night is the group leader who studies very hard. ◼ E. 在there be 开头的句子中 ◼ There is an old man who wants to see you. ◼ There are many young men who are against him
2) whose用来指人或物,(只用作定语,若指物,它还可以同of which互换),例如: a They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. Is 人车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙。 ■ Please pass me the book whose( of which) cover is green.请递给我 那本绿皮的书。 3)which, that ■它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语 宾语等,例如: a prosperity which that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。( which/that在句中作 宾语) The package (which that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.你拿的包快散了。( which/that在句中作宾语)
◼ 2) whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换), 例如： ◼ They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那 人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。 ◼ Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 请递给我 那本绿皮的书。 ◼ 3) which, that ◼ 它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、 宾语等，例如： ◼ A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that在句中作 宾语） ◼ The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作宾语)
关系代词that和 which的用法比较 关系代词that和 which均可指代先行词是事物的名词或代词,此 时两者可互换,但有时that和 which的使用场合并不相同。具体 介绍如下 关系代词that的使用 先行词是 all, anything, everything, nothing等关系代词应用that That's all that i know 2.先行词前有 the only, the same, the very或no,litl,much,any, every,al等修饰时,关系代词应用that a This is the only reason that i can say 3先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时,关系代词常用that The first thing that we should do is to help him 4当先行词同时含有"人"或"物"时,关系代词应用that Can you see a man and his horse that are crossing the bridge?
◼ 关系代词 that 和which 的用法比较 ◼ 关系代词that和which均可指代先行词是事物的名词或代词，此 时两者可互换，但有时that和which的使用场合并不相同。具体 介绍如下: ◼ 关系代词that的使用 ◼ 1.先行词是all, anything, everything, nothing等,关系代词应用that ◼ That's all that I know. ◼ 2.先行词前有the only, the same, the very或no, little, much, any, every, all等修饰时,关系代词应用that ◼ This is the only reason that I can say. ◼ 3.先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时,关系代词常用that ◼ The first thing that we should do is to help him. ◼ 4.当先行词同时含有"人"或"物"时,关系代词应用that ◼ Can you see a man and his horse that are crossing the bridge?