Lecture 19: Conjunctions 口连词是用来连接句子中的单词、短语及从句的虚词。 在句子中不能单独作句子成分,一般不重读,在英语 中连词的使用频率较高。 ■连词的分类 ■L.并列连词 用来连接语法作用相同的或平行的词、短语或从句。 a and, or, nor, but, yet, So, hence, therefore, for, as well as either.or, neither.. nor, and then, not only. but also both..and等等 表并列或附加关系的连词and,both.and.,whil not only. but also ., also, as well, as well as, and then esides
Lecture 19: Conjunctions ◼ 连词是用来连接句子中的单词、短语及从句的虚词。 在句子中不能单独作句子成分，一般不重读，在英语 中连词的使用频率较高。 ◼ 连词的分类 ◼ I. 并列连词 ◼ 用来连接语法作用相同的或平行的词、短语或从句。 ◼ and, or, nor, but, yet, so, hence, therefore, for, as well as, either… or, neither… nor, and then, not only…but also, both… and 等等。 ◼ 1．表并列或附加关系的连词 and, both…and…, while, not only…but also…, also, as well, as well as, and then, besides
and Fa]: A friend of mine came to see me yesterday and we had dinner together He and his classmates are all busy working on their essays Here is a pen and pencil for you 注 (1)表示配套的,和.一同的,常见的有 bread and butter. a needle and thread, bacon and eggs,hide-and-seek(捉迷藏,give-and-take(互让,妥协,交换)等。 (2)口语中用于come,go,try等动词后表目的,如 a Go and get the door, will you? Come and see it Try and get here before 10 am Wait and see (3)起补充说明和强调作用,如: You and only you can help me now (4)表示接连,重复,如: The Spring Festival draws nearer and nearer (5)表对比,如: John is always quiet and Tom is al ways noisy ■(6)表结果,如 Work hard and you ll succeed He was ill and took some medicine
◼ and ◼ 例句：A friend of mine came to see me yesterday and we had dinner together. ◼ He and his classmates are all busy working on their essays. ◼ Here is a pen and pencil for you. ◼ 注: ◼ (1) 表示配套的，和...一同的, 常见的有 bread and butter, a needle and thread, bacon and eggs, hide–and–seek(捉迷藏), give–and–take(互让, 妥协, 交换)等。 ◼ (2) 口语中用于come, go, try 等动词后表目的，如： ◼ Go and get the door, will you? ◼ Come and see it. ◼ Try and get here before 10 a.m.. ◼ Wait and see. ◼ (3) 起补充说明和强调作用，如：You and only you can help me now. ◼ (4) 表示接连，重复，如:The Spring Festival draws nearer and nearer. ◼ (5) 表对比，如：John is always quiet and Tom is always noisy. ◼ (6) 表结果，如： ◼ Work hard, and you’llsucceed.. ◼ He was ill and took some medicine
both . and WFl a]: Both Phil and Helen were involved in this case We have offices both in Canada and in Japan ■ while Bi'a]: While at college he was very active in the student'sunion We waited while he had a meeting not only .. but also 例句: She speaks not only English but Japanese We not only heard it but also saw it He is not only a lecturer but also a writer 注: not only.but.. as well, not only.but.,与 not only. but also相似。 ■also 1例句: Our monitor can sing and also dance The overcoat is warm, also light 注: and also与之相似, n This machine is heavy, and also useless
◼ both… and… ◼ 例句：Both Phil and Helen were involved in this case. ◼ We have offices both in Canada and in Japan. ◼ while ◼ 例句：While at college, he was very active in the student’s union. ◼ We waited while he had a meeting. ◼ not only … but also ◼ 例句：She speaks not only English but Japanese. ◼ We not only heard it but also saw it. ◼ He is not only a lecturer but also a writer. ◼ 注：not only… but … as well, not only…but…, 与not only…but also相似。 ◼ also ◼ 例句：Our monitor can sing and also dance. ◼ The overcoat is warm, also light. ◼ 注：and also 与之相似， ◼ 如：This machine is heavy, and also useless
as well 例句: We can do it as well gave him money and advice as well as well as 例句: He has experience as well as knowledge Hiking is good exercise as well as fun ■ and then a bi]: You must ask tom to the party and then there's Jerry-don't forget him a I like doing part-time job, and then it helps me gain some experience besides 例句:Idon' t want to go; besides,I' m too tired a He is very considerate; besides, he is very helpful
◼ as well ◼ 例句：We can do it as well. ◼ I gave him money and advice as well. ◼ as well as ◼ 例句：He has experience as well as knowledge. ◼ Hiking is good exercise as well as fun. ◼ and then ◼ 例句：You must ask Tom to the party, and then there’s Jerry – don’t forget him. ◼ I like doing part-time job, and then it helps me gain some experience. ◼ besides ◼ 例句：I don’t want to go; besides, I’m too tired. ◼ He is very considerate; besides, he is very helpful
2.表选择关系的连词 则, otherwise, or otherwise或相hr.,n0r., neither, or else否 or. either. or .. whether. or or F]: Are you going there alone or with some friends? Which do you prefer, tea or coffee 注 (1)用于否定句表“也不”,如: My father never smokes or drinks ■(2)表“否则”“要不然”,如: Study hard, or you' ll fail in the exam either · or Fia]: Most aircraft accidents occur at either take-off or landing Either you or i am to blame Thether.. or ■例句: Every one of you, whether old or young, poor or rich, have equal opportunity to meet challenge Whether I can get it or not is not very important, the point is i just want to have a
◼ 2. 表选择关系的连词 ◼ or, either…or…, whether…or…, neither…nor…, neither, or else否 则, otherwise, or otherwise或相反 ◼ or ◼ 例句：Are you going there alone or with some friends? ◼ Which do you prefer, tea or coffee? ◼ 注： ◼ (1) 用于否定句表“也不” ，如：My father never smokes or drinks. ◼ (2) 表“否则”“要不然”，如：Study hard, or you’ll fail in the exam. ◼ either… or… ◼ 例句：Most aircraft accidents occur at either take-off or landing. ◼ Either you or I am to blame. ◼ whether… or… ◼ 例句：Every one of you, whether old or young, poor or rich, have equal opportunity to meet challenge. ◼ Whether I can get it or not is not very important, the point is I just want to have a try