Lecture 27: Direct and Indirect Speech 定义 ■直接引语:直接引用别人的原话,并在原话前后加引 AF He said: It is too late 间接引语:用自己的话转述别人的话,多数以宾语从 句的形式构成 FF He said it was too late 直接引语与间接引语相互转化时应注意的问题 第一:人称的变化 主语为第一人称的直接引语,变间接引语时,人称要 做相应调整。例如: ■直接引语 She saic:" I am hungry" 可接引语 She said she was hungry
Lecture 27: Direct and Indirect Speech ◼ 定义 ◼ 直接引语:直接引用别人的原话,并在原话前后加引 号。 ◼ 例:He said:" It is too late." ◼ 间接引语:用自己的话转述别人的话,多数以宾语从 句的形式构成。 ◼ 例:He said it was too late. ◼ 直接引语与间接引语相互转化时应注意的问题 ◼ 第一:人称的变化。 ◼ 主语为第一人称的直接引语,变间接引语时,人称要 做相应调整。例如: ◼ 直接引语 She said:" I am hungry." ◼ 间接引语 She said she was hungry
口第二:时态变化 直接引语变间接引语时,间接引语的时态要与主句的 时态一致。其规律如下图。 直接引语 间接引语 般现在时 般过去时 般过去时 过去完成时 般将来时 过去将来时 现在进行时 过去进行时 现在完成时 过去完成时 过去完成时 不变 将来进行时过去将来进行时 将来完成时 过去将来完成时
◼ 第二:时态变化 直接引语变间接引语时,间接引语的时态要与主句的 时态一致。其规律如下图。 ◼ 直接引语 间接引语 一般现在时 一般过去时 一般过去时 过去完成时 一般将来时 过去将来时 现在进行时 过去进行时 现在完成时 过去完成时 过去完成时 不变 将来进行时 过去将来进行时 将来完成时 过去将来完成时
注意: 1直接引语为客观真理时,间接引语时态不变,仍用 般现在时。 FF sH: Teacher told us: The moon moves round the earth Teacher told us the moon moves round the earth ■2直接引语为一般过去时并且与具体时间状语连用时, 间接引语仍用一般过去时。 例如: She said:" i went to England in1998. She said she went to England in 1998 3主句为一般现在时或一般将来时的时候,间接引语时 态不变。 He says: I bought you a book yesterday He says that he bought me a book yesterday
◼ 注意: ◼ 1.直接引语为客观真理时,间接引语时态不变,仍用一 般现在时。 ◼ 例如:Teacher told us:" The moon moves round the earth." ◼ Teacher told us the moon moves round the earth. ◼ 2.直接引语为一般过去时并且与具体时间状语连用时, 间接引语仍用一般过去时。 ◼ 例如:She said:" I went to England in 1998." ◼ She said she went to England in 1998. ◼ 3.主句为一般现在时或一般将来时的时候,间接引语时 态不变。 ◼ He says:" I bought you a book yesterday." ◼ He says that he bought me a book yesterday
■第三:指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词 的变化。 直接引 旧接引隔 指示代词 thus that these those 时活 nove today that day tori gh th道r社 this week/yearner that week/yean/tem two years ago two years before tomorrow the ned/following day new year thenew year 地点状语 here there 动词 come 20 bite take
◼ 第三:指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词 的变化
第四:句式上的变化 ■1、直接引语是陈述句,变成间接引语,由连词that引 导。例如: a She said: I am very happy to help you a She said that she was very happy to help you ■2、直接引语是一般、选择或反问疑问句,变成间接引 语,由连词 whether或if引导。例如: He asked me: Do you come from China? He asked me if/whether i came from China 注意:大多数情况下,if, whether可以互换,但句中出 现 or not或放在介词后作连接词,只用 Whether。例如 a She asked whether he could do it or not They cried out whether he was all right
◼ 第四:句式上的变化 ◼ 1、直接引语是陈述句,变成间接引语,由连词that 引 导。例如: ◼ She said: “I am very happy to help you.” ◼ She said that she was very happy to help you. ◼ 2、直接引语是一般、选择或反问疑问句,变成间接引 语,由连词whether或if 引导。例如: ◼ He asked me: “Do you come from China?” ◼ He asked me if/whether I came from China. ◼ 注意:大多数情况下,if ,whether 可以互换,但句中出 现or not,或放在介词后作连接词,只用whether。例如: ◼ She asked whether he could do it or not. ◼ They cried out whether he was all right