河北医科大学药学院 "Me,and then Lauterbur" The Shameful Wrong That Must Be Righted Dama dian deserved the Nabe 鱼些叶标)和《年品领中家)善夏璃士导复帆上科香整◆ 里育 t is just sour grap It is just sourgrape visual proof that this sha must he righted 天然药物化学教研室史清文教授
河北医科大学药学院 天然药物化学教研室 史清文教授 1 271 "Me, and then Lauterbur" Dr. Raymond Damadian at his induction into the National Inventors Hall of Fame, February 12, 1989, for the invention of magnetic resonance scanning. Damadian deserved the Nobel？ "The Shameful Wrong That Must Be Righted" 272 "The Shameful Wrong That Must Be Righted" "How I Did It: Raymond Damadian" 1972年3月17日提出了专利申请 《纽约时报》和《华盛顿邮报》甚至瑞士等报纸上刊登整版广告 273 It is just sour grapes? 274 It is just sour grapes? 275 276
河北医科大学药学院 Dr Raymond Damadian,Pioneer of MRI Medicine eer on July 3.19 Assistant Larry Minkoff in Indomitable Building the First MR Dr.Ray Gifted Mind:The Dr.Raymond Damadian Story,Inventor of the MRI MIND AXS bodyMRh calld the 天然药物化学教研室史清文教授
河北医科大学药学院 天然药物化学教研室 史清文教授 2 Raymond Vahan Damadian(1936-)是美国医生，医疗从业人员，也是第一台 MR扫描仪的发明者。 Damadian对活细胞中钠和钾的研究使他首次进行了核磁共 振实验，使他首次在1969年提出了MR人体扫描仪 Raymond V. Damadian: Magnetic Resonance Imaging and the controversy of the 2003 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine Dr Raymond Damadian, Pioneer of MRI Dr Damadian with the history-making prototype of his MRI scanner. The first MR image of a human skull was made with this scanner on July 3, 1977. The prototype is now on permanent display at the Smithsonian Institution‘s Hall of Medical Sciences. Assistant Larry Minkoff in Indomitable ‘super-scientist’ Dr Raymond V. Damadian Damadian's cancer detector. Artist's rendering published in the New York Times on 9 February 1974. FONAR introduced the world's first commercial MRI in 1980, and went public in 1981 Building the First MRI Dr. Damadian with the history-making prototype of Dr. Damadian's MRI scanner. The first MR image of a human chest was made with this scanner on July 3, 1977 which he called the 'Indomitable'. American doctor and scientist Raymond Damadian built a partial body MRI scanner in 1977, which he called the ‘Indomitable’. Dr. Raymond Damadian had plagiarized earlier work of Dr. Erik Odeblad Gifted Mind: The Dr. Raymond Damadian Story, Inventor of the MRI Damadian, R. Tumor Detection by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. Science, 1971, 171:1151-1153. 天才思维 Creation scientist创世论科学家
河北医科大学药学院 Nobel Prize Controversies Nobel Prize Controversies R5a“Gd”teen间e 2014 or c s and nurtures it to bring to everybody's benefir Nobel Prize Controversies Erik Odeblad-The Forgotten Pioneer in MR dical NyR MRI Pioneer-Herman Y.Carr Erwin Louis Hahn (1921-2016) in 1950,which are essential to modern day MRI 天然药物化学教研室史清文教授 3
河北医科大学药学院 天然药物化学教研室 史清文教授 3 Nobel Prize Controversies According to Dr. Morton Meyers, a radiologist and historian from East Setauket, New York, U.S., there should have been a third recipient of the award: Dr. Raymond Damadian, founder of Fonar. Dr. Morton Meyers from East Setauket, New York, U.S. The long-running and hostile dispute over who should receive credit for the invention of clinical MRI resurfaced during Sunday's Honorary Lecture at ECR 2014 Nobel Prize Controversies Who develops and nurtures it to bring to everybody's benefit? MRI is an “old” technique "You should get your facts and then talk," he said. Rinck added that Damadian had plagiarized earlier work by Dr. Erik Odeblad from Stockholm who should have received a Nobel Prize for MRI, because in 1955 he published the first medical NMR s tu d i es , i n cl u d i n g re l a xa t i o n ti m e measurements, of living cells and excised tissue. Dr. Peter Rinck, PhD, chairman of the European Magnetic Resonance Forum and president of the Council of the Round Table Foundation Nobel Prize Controversies Dr. Erik Odeblad 2012年，Erik Odeblad荣获欧洲磁 共振奖时，展示了他 的第一台NMR谱仪 1954 年 12 月 由 Erik Odeblad 和 Gunnar Lindström提交到Stockholm的Acta Radiologica杂 志并于1955年获得发表“生物样品质子磁共振的 初步观察结果” Erik Odeblad-The Forgotten Pioneer in MRI Erik Odeblad 1922- MRI Pioneer- Herman Y. Carr Herman Y. Carr (1924 –2008) was an American physicist and pioneer of magnetic resonance imaging. He received his Master’s degree in 1949 and his Ph.D. in 1953 from Harvard University. His doctoral thesis, published in 1952, described techniques for using gradients in magnetic fields and was the first example of magnetic resonance imaging or MRI. Erwin Louis Hahn (1921-2016) “The person who really missed out the Nobel Prize for his contribution to the principles of Spin Echoes” in 1950, which are essential to modern day MRI. Spin echo and FID signal -Hahn Echo“自旋回波
河北医科大学药学院 NMR Vs NMRI Vs MRI single pervon or team i ated the NRI in iselation tthe culmination of decades of sie progressd uderstanding MRI tecmoly beginsith the discoveryof a quantum-physics phem resomance (NMR)in 1937 by Isidor I.Rabi,a Polish-born K Im American physicist. as to MR Vs NMR Vs MRI MRI按主磁场的场强分类 Nuclear magnetic rese0 nance(MR)核量共a兼 Magnefic resonance(MR)imaging (MRI减共暴减绿 Nuclear Magnetic resonance im国gi面gMR)被雅共绿表像 gnetie resomance ang0 grapby (MRA黑共添点浅减绿 (1.T、L5T、2T ：大于10T(3.T、4T,7T) 高斯(Gauss,G) 特斯拉(Tesl品，T)“电气时代之父 高新为距离5安培电流的直 5尖墙 kola To 9四数开的*教 应用的免之 天然药物化学教研室史清文教授 4
河北医科大学药学院 天然药物化学教研室 史清文教授 4 What are the developments which lead to the MRI? No single person or team invented the MRI in isolation; it is the culmination of decades of scientific progress and understanding. MRI technology begins with the discovery of a quantum-physics phenomenon called nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) in 1937 by Isidor I. Rabi, a Polish-born American physicist. NMR Vs NMRI Vs MRI MR Image Making an Image Functional Imaging Because of patients' worrying dangers of nuclearradioactivity, the word "nuclear" had been largely dropped in the mid 1980s when referring to Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. "Nuclear"=原子核 MR Vs NMR Vs MRI Nuclear induction 核感应 Nuclear paramagnetic resonance 核顺磁共振 Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) 核磁共振 Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging (MRI) 磁共振成像 Nuclear Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) 核磁共振成像 Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA 磁共振血流成像) functional Magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) 功能磁共振成像 –MRI图像信噪比与主磁场场强成正比 –低场: 小于0.5 T –中场：0.5T－1.0 T –高场: 1.0T－2.0 T（1.0T、1.5T、2.0T） –超高场强：大于2.0 T（3.0T、4.7T、7T） MRI按主磁场的场强分类 MRI 3T 4.7 T=200 MHz 7 T=400 MHz 质子共振频率 1 T = 10000 G Carolus Fridericus Gauss (1777-1855) 1高斯为距离5安培电流的直导线1厘米处检测到的磁场强度 德国著名数学家、物理学家，于1832年首次测量了地球的磁场 5安培 1厘米 1高斯 高斯（Gauss, G） 地球磁场（the earth magnetic field）多强？ 特斯拉（Tesla, T）“电气时代之父” Nikola Tesla (1857-1943) 奥地利电器工程师，物理 学家，旋转磁场原理及其 应用的先驱者之一。 磁密度单位（1Tesla=10000Gause） 地球的磁场强度分布图 1960年在巴黎召开的国际计量大会上， 磁感应强度的单位被命名为特斯拉
河北医科大学药学院 The Genius Who Lit the World The MRI Environment-A Dangerous Place 轮椅「亲南」上核磁共振收 【时代》周刊评速世界最伟大人物第2名 of New York MRI Is A Unique Biomedical The MRI“Experience' Imaging Technique MRI forms images from an in insic tissue sigmal that does not result from radioactive decay -The gradient hardware makes a very large amount of cedure The First"Brain Imaging Experiment" The Machine That Tried To Scan The Brain-In 1882 补经个国 天然药物化学教研室史清文教授
河北医科大学药学院 天然药物化学教研室 史清文教授 5 The Genius Who Lit the World Nikola Tesla (1857-1943) 《时代》周刊评选世界最伟大人物第2名 轮椅「亲吻」上核磁共振仪 核磁共振检查前，身体上的金属物全部拿掉,如手表、金属项链、假牙、 金属纽扣、金属避孕环等磁性物品。此外，戴心脏起搏器，体内有顺磁性金 属植入物，如金属夹、支架、钢板和螺钉等，都不能进行磁共振成像检查。 The MRI Environment-A Dangerous Place MRI Is A Unique Biomedical Imaging Technique • MRI forms images from an intrinsic tissue signal that does not result from radioactive decay • Computed Tomography (CT) and conventional radiography form images by measuring the attenuation of external Xrays The MRI “Experience” • – Imaging is a slow process during which the subject must not move • – The magnet space is small and many subjects are claustrophobic • – The gradient hardware makes a very large amount of audio noise • MRI is widely regarded as a safe biomedical imaging procedure • – No (ionizing) radiation is used • – No radioactive materials are used The Machine That Tried To Scan The Brain — In 1882 Angelo Mosso's "human circulation balance" machine worked like a seesaw to measure blood flow changes to the brain Angelo Mosso (1846-1910) Italian physiologist 自从1890年代开始，人们就知道血流与血氧的改变（两者合称为血液动力 学）与神经元的活化有着密不可分的关系