.A:Mary studies modern history and doesn't do(=study) modern languages. B:Does she do (study)ancient history,too? A:No,she doesn't. $b)由“do”与“so”搭配构成的复合代动词“do $0”,既可替代“动一宾”谓语结构，也可替代 “动一状”谓语结构。例如： He smokes a lot.Does his brother do so?(do so smoke a lot) He said he would tell me the news,but he didn't do so. (do so=tell me the news) A:Jane is crying for some more cake in the kitchen. B:Yes,but her little brother isn't doing so.(doing so crying for some more cake) 11
11 ⚫ A: Mary studies modern history and doesn’t do (= study) modern languages. B: Does she do (= study) ancient history, too? A: No, she doesn’t. b) 由“do”与“so” 搭配构成的复合代动词“do so” ，既可替代“动—宾”谓语结构，也可替代 “动—状”谓语结构。例如： ⚫ He smokes a lot. Does his brother do so? (do so = smoke a lot) ⚫ He said he would tell me the news, but he didn’t do so. (do so= tell me the news) ⚫ A: Jane is crying for some more cake in the kitchen. B: Yes, but her little brother isn’t doing so. (doing so = crying for some more cake)
“doso”有时可以和“do that',“doit“交替使用。 例如： The boy played doctors and nurses.We watched them doing that (playing doctors and nurses)but they wanted us to do so(=to play doctors and nurses),too. ●A:Sam is supposed to call the meeting.(召集会议) B:No,Peter will do that. My brother said he was going to send a letter of protest to the President.I did it last week. 3、分句替化(Clausal substitution) A)What a clausal substitution Clausal substitution means the replacement of a clause by a clausal substitute -so or not,eg: .A:Do you think he'll come tomorrow? 12
12 “do so” 有时可以和“do that” , “do it “交替使用。 例如： ⚫ The boy played doctors and nurses. We watched them doing that (= playing doctors and nurses) but they wanted us to do so(= to play doctors and nurses), too. ⚫ A: Sam is supposed to call the meeting.(召集会议） B: No, Peter will do that. ⚫ My brother said he was going to send a letter of protest to the President. I did it last week. 3、分句替化(Clausal substitution) A) What a clausal substitution Clausal substitution means the replacement of a clause by a clausal substitute —so or not, eg: ⚫ A: Do you think he’ll come tomorrow?
●B:Yes,I think so. No,I think not. As clausal substitutes,“so'and“not“can go with “if“to form verbless clauses“ifso”and "if not, eg: They say he will come tonight.If so,the meeting will be held tomorrow.If not,there won't be any meeting tomorrow. B)Use of clausal substitution 由上述诸例可以看出，用分句替代词so/not)所取代 的that-分句通常带有不甚确定的含义，既不肯定， 也不否定，所以so/not常与“'m afraid,believe, expect,fear,guess,hope,suppose,think" 词语搭配。在能作转移否定的结构中，以用“ don't think so,Idon't suppose so更加自然。在表 示明显 3
13 ⚫ B: Yes, I think so. No, I think not. As clausal substitutes, “so” and “not “can go with “if “to form verbless clauses “if so” and “if not” , eg: ⚫ They say he will come tonight. If so, the meeting will be held tomorrow. If not, there won’t be any meeting tomorrow. B) Use of clausal substitution 由上述诸例可以看出， 用分句替代词so/not所取代 的that-分句通常带有不甚确定的含义，既不肯定， 也不否定，所以so/not常与“I’m afraid，believe， expect，fear，guess，hope，suppose，think”等 词语搭配。在能作转移否定的结构中，以用“I don’t think so, I don’t suppose so更加自然。在表 示明显
肯定口气或者怀疑口气的简短反应中，通常不用 so/not。.例如： .A:Are the girls coming to the party? B:I'm sure they are /I'm sure of it. I doubt if they are /I doubt it. s在上述答语中，不可以说“m sure so/not”,or “1 doubt so/not”。基于相同的理由，通常也不 说“I know s0/not。 $分句替代词$0还可以和某些表示说话的动词连用， 而not通常不这样用。例如： 。A:The Yankees(美国人)will win the game. B:All my friends say so. .A:How do you know that he's leaving soon? B:He told me so. 14
14 肯定口气或者怀疑口气的简短反应中，通常不用 so/not。例如： ⚫ A: Are the girls coming to the party? B: I’m sure they are / I’m sure of it. I doubt if they are / I doubt it. 在上述答语中，不可以说 “I‘m sure so / not”, or “I doubt so / not” 。基于相同的理由，通常也不 说 “ I know so / not” 。 分句替代词so还可以和某些表示说话的动词连用， 而not通常不这样用。例如： ⚫ A: The Yankees(美国人）will win the game. B: All my friends say so. ⚫ A: How do you know that he’s leaving soon? B: He told me so
A:Your father and mine were great friends when they were young. B:I have been told so. $在上述诸例中，通常不用not与say,tell等动词搭配， 除非主语是作类指的人称代词。例如： A:Are the Yankees a very strong team? ●B:No,they say not.. s分句替代词not可与“perhaps,possibly,probably, certainly,surelyi”等表示情态意义的副词搭配，构 成某些缩略句。例如： A:Is your brother going with you? B:Perhaps not.(=Perhaps he is not going with me.) 15
15 ⚫ A: Your father and mine were great friends when they were young. B: I have been told so. 在上述诸例中，通常不用not与say, tell等动词搭配， 除非主语是作类指的人称代词。例如： ⚫ A: Are the Yankees a very strong team? ⚫ B: No, they say not. 分句替代词not可与“perhaps, possibly, probably, certainly, surely”等表示情态意义的副词搭配，构 成某些缩略句。例如： ⚫ A: Is your brother going with you? B: Perhaps not. (= Perhaps he is not going with me.)