十六、否定(Negation) 装 否定句在英语中一向占有很重要的一席之地， 有一些句子只要动词加上not,即可构成否定句； 有一些句子本身即含有否定词，如：n0, neither,none,never,nothing等等。另外，还 有一部分句子含有seldom,rarely,hardly等词 眼，虽然表面文字不是否定形态，但意思却是 否定的。例如：seldom意思是not often,而 scarcely(hardly)意思为almost..not/no
1 十六、否定（Negation） 否定句在英语中一向占有很重要的一席之地， 有一些句子只要动词加上not，即可构成否定句； 有一些句子本身即含有否定词，如：no， neither，none，never，nothing等等。另外， 还 有一部分句子含有seldom，rarely，hardly等词 眼，虽然表面文字不是否定形态，但意思却是 否定的。例如：seldom意思是not often，而 scarcely（hardly）意思为almost…not/no
装1、否定句的形成 种类 句 型 例 句 do not The house doesn't belong 动词 does not +原型V to me. 的否 did not He didn't go to the movie last night. 祈使 Let him go. 2 句 Don't+原型V Don't let him go 否定 Please smoke in the room. 一Please don't smoke in the room 2
2 1、否定句的形成 种 类 句 型 例 句 1 一般 动词 的否 定 do not does not +原型V did not The house doesn’t belong to me. He didn’t go to the movie last night. 2 祈使 句的 否定 Don’t + 原型V Let him go. Don’t let him go. Please smoke in the room. Please don’t smoke in the room
米接上表 种类 句型 例句 3 Be动词 am/is/was +not I'm not leaving yet. 的否定 are/were +not 我还没有离开。 4 助动词 will/shall/can/must We can't stop now or we 的否定 not won't get there in time. 5 完成式 has I haven't packed my 的否定 have not p.p. package. had 我的行李尚未打好。 6 Let's的 Let'snot+原型V Let's not start too early. 否定 7 不定式 Not+to+原型V I warned him not to go 的否定 there. 3
3 接上表 种类 句型 例句 3 Be动词 的否定 am/is/was +not are/were +not I’m not leaving yet. 我还没有离开。 4 助动词 的否定 will/shall/can/must + not We can’t stop now or we won’t get there in time. 5 完成式 的否定 has have + not + p.p. had I haven’t packed my package. 我的行李尚未打好。 6 Let’s 的 否定 Let’s not + 原型V Let’s not start too early. 7 不定式 的否定 Not + to + 原型V I warned him not to go there
张2、全部否定 A)否定单数普通名词时要用nota,否定不可数的 抽象名词、物质名词和复数普通名词用not any: He said he hadn't any money. I have not any books. 装Note:否定词not用于否定疑问句中，如果不用缩略形式 don't,doesn't,didn't等，not则置于主句后。如用缩略形 式则置于主句前： Have you not traveled by sea before? 装对动词-ing形式和动词不定进行否定，否定词not总是置 于所修饰的非限定形式之前： The teacher warned the students not to be late for the examination. He apologized for his not being able to come. Not having seen him before,I didn't know he was the professor I was expecting to see. 4
4 2、全部否定 A) 否定单数普通名词时要用not a，否定不可数的 抽象名词、物质名词和复数普通名词用not any： He said he hadn’t any money. I have not any books. Note: 否定词not 用于否定疑问句中, 如果不用缩略形式 don’t, doesn’t, didn’t 等，not 则置于主句后。如用缩略形 式则置于主句前： Have you not traveled by sea before？ 对动词-ing形式和动词不定进行否定，否定词not 总是置 于所修饰的非限定形式之前： The teacher warned the students not to be late for the examination. He apologized for his not being able to come. Not having seen him before, I didn’t know he was the professor I was expecting to see
少数由not构成的疑问句和否定句是习惯用法，这是其否定 意思弱化，甚至消失，实际上等于肯定： What have we not done?=We have done everything! How often have we not seen'him?=We have often seen him. B)no可用作限定词，置于名词前，这时 no=not a not any: He has no book.=I have not a book. He has no books.=I have not any books. Note:动词用be时，not是一般句型，no.是强势句型： Tom is not a modest man.汤姆不是个谦虚的人。 Tom is no modest man.汤姆是个很不谦虚的人。 但是no不能置于冠词前修饰名词： The drivers went on strike,but porters. a.no the b.not c.no others d.not the 5
5 少数由not 构成的疑问句和否定句是习惯用法, 这是其否定 意思弱化, 甚至消失, 实际上等于肯定： What have we not done？= We have done everything！ How often have we not seen him？= We have often seen him. B) no 可用作限定词，置于名词前，这时 no=not a / not any： He has no book. = I have not a book. He has no books. = I have not any books. Note: 动词用be 时，not 是一般句型，no…是强势句型： Tom is not a modest man. 汤姆不是个谦虚的人。 Tom is no modest man. 汤姆是个很不谦虚的人。 但是no 不能置于冠词前修饰名词： The drivers went on strike, but ___porters. a. no the b. not c. no others d. not the