Alkyl Groups Three carbons One carbon Two carbons CH3 CH3- CH3-CH2- CH3一CH2一CH2一 CH3-CH- methyl group ethyl group propyl group isopropyl group (or“n-propyl group") Four carbons CH3 CH3 CH3 CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2一 CH3-CH-CH2- CH3-CH2-CH- CH3-C- butyl group isobutyl group sec-butyl group (or“-butyl group") CH3 tert-butyl group (or“t-butyl group")
Alkyl Groups
CH.CH2CH2CH3 CHCH2CH2CH2之 and CHCH2CHCH3 Butane Butyl sec-Butyl CH CH3 CH3 CH.CHCH3 CHgCHCH2 and CH3-C Isobutane Isobutyl CHs tert-Butyl 2004 Thomson/Brooks Cole
Classification of H's C's H Primary hydrogens(CH3) H一C一 CH3 H H H CH2CH2CHCH3 H一C一CC一CH Secondary hydrogens(CH2) H HH H A tertiary hydrogen(CH) C2004 Thomson-Brooks/Cole
Classification of H’s & C’s
The I.U.P.A.C.Rules Find longest carbon chain Number chain from end closest to nearest branch (with 2 different longest chains,use one with most substituents) Give alkyl groups attached to the longest chain a name and a number Multiple alkyl groups named alphabetically Multiple groups that are the same:di(2),tri(3), tetra(4),penta(5),hexa(6) ·Halogens are name“halo”groups-fluoro,.chloro, bromo,iodo
The I.U.P.A.C. Rules • Find longest carbon chain • Number chain from end closest to nearest branch (with 2 different longest chains, use one with most substituents) • Give alkyl groups attached to the longest chain a name and a number • Multiple alkyl groups named alphabetically • Multiple groups that are the same: di(2), tri(3), tetra(4), penta(5), hexa(6) • Halogens are name “halo” groups – fluoro, chloro, bromo, iodo