●●● 化性 ●●●● ●●●● ●●●● ●●●●0 ●●●0 1)水解 ●●0 RCOCI HCI RCOOR'+ H20Ax (RCO)20 RCOOH RCOOH R'OH RCONH2 NH RCN HO, NaoH CH2 CH2Cooh OH O CH3C--NH EtOH-H,O, KOH △.95% CH3COK H2N B
1)水解 RCOCl (RCO)2O RCOOR' RCONH2 + H2O H RCOOH + HCl RCOOH R'OH NH3 RCN O O H2O，NaOH 90% OH CH2CH2COOH CH3C O NH Br EtOH-H2O,KOH , 95% CH3COK + H2N O Br 三、化性:
●●● ●●●● ●●●●● ●●●● ●●●●0 ●●●0 2)醇解: ●●0 RCOCl HC (RCO)20 +ROH RCOOR' RCOOH HOR RCOOR RCONH2
RCOCl (RCO)2O RCOOR'' RCONH2 + R'OH RCOOR' + HCl RCOOH HOR'' NH3 2) 醇解：
●●● ●●●● ●●●●● 酰卤最活泼,常用于制备酯 ●●●● ●●●●0 ●●●0 SoCI2 CH3)3CCOOH (CH3)3CCOC)C6H5OH ●●0 (CH3)3CCOOC6H5 吡啶 酸酐在酸或碱催化下易反应. 酯发生酯交换反应: CH2CHCOOCH3+C4H9OH TSOH CH2CHCOOC4H9 Ch3OH 腈的醇溶液与浓硫酸或盐酸共热,发生醇解得到酯,如: CH3CN+ C2H5OH-HCL, H., CH3COOC2H5
酰卤最活泼，常用于制备酯 酸酐在酸或碱催化下易反应. 酯发生酯交换反应: 腈的醇溶液与浓硫酸或盐酸共热，发生醇解得到酯，如： CHCOOCH 3 + C 4 H 9OH TSOH CH 2 CH 2 CHCOOC 4 H 9 + CH 3OH (CH 3 ) 3CCOOH SOCl 2 (CH 3 ) 3CCOCl C 6 H 5OH 吡啶 (CH 3 ) 3CCOOC 6 H 5 HCl, H 2 O CH 3CN + C 2 H 5OH CH 3COOC 2 H 5
●●● ●●●● 生物体内也有酯交换反应: ●●●●● ●●●● ●●●●0 ●●●0 ●●0 HOCH2CHN(CH3 ) 3OH CH;-C—S—C0A 乙酰辅酶A 胆碱 chC-Och CH,N( CH 2)OH+HS-CoA 乙酰胆碱 辅酶A 酰胺醇解须在酸性催化剂,高温,加压下反应 2NC-NH2 CH3OH 2MPa H2NC—OCH3
酰胺醇解 须在 酸性催化剂,高温,加压下反应 H2N NH2 CH3OH H2MPa C O H2N C OCH3 O CH3 C O S CoA + HOCH2CH2N（CH3）3OH CH3 C O OCH2CH2N（CH3）3OH + HS CoA 乙酰辅酶A 胆碱 乙酰胆碱 辅酶A 生物体内也有酯交换反应: