3、开链烷烃的命名 烷烃中碳和氢的种类 Primary(1°), secondary(2°), tertiary 3°), quaternary C(4°), but only primary, secondary, tertiary H CH3 CH 3 H3C-CaoCH2CHCH2CH2CH3 H3C-C30 CH3CH2CH- CH3CH2CH2CH2 CH3 CH CH 3 CH 叔丁基 仲丁基 丁基 tert-butyl sec-buty butyl
3、开链烷烃的命名 烷烃中碳和氢的种类 Primary（1º）, secondary（ 2º ）, tertiary （ 3º ）, quaternary C（ 4º ）, but only primary, secondary, tertiary H C CH3 CH3 H3C CH2CHCH2CH2CH3 CH3 C CH3 CH3 H3C CH3CH2CH CH3 CH3CH2CH2CH2 叔丁基 tert-butyl 仲丁基 sec-butyl 丁基 butyl 1o 2o 3o 3o 2o 2o 1o 1o 4o
3、开链烷烃的命名 系统命名法( IUPAC Rules) IUPAC International Union of Pure and applied Chemistry COOH (S)2羟基丙酸 c、"H H3C OH 构型取代基母体名
3、开链烷烃的命名 系统命名法(IUPAC Rules) IUPAC: International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry C COOH H3C OH (S)-2-羟基丙酸 H 构型 取代基 母体名
3、开链烷烃的命名 ■直链烷烃同普通命名法,取消“正”字 支链烷烃 1. Determine the number of carbon in the longest continuous carbon chain----This chain is called the parent hydrocarbon 2. Number the chain so that the substituent gets the lowest possible number 65432 CH2 CH,CH, CH, CHCH,CH 母体名:庚烷 234 CH2 CH3 heptane 67 全名:3-乙基庚烷(3- methylheptane)
3、开链烷烃的命名 直链烷烃同普通命名法，取消“正”字 支链烷烃： 1. Determine the number of carbon in the longest continuous carbon chain----This chain is called the parent hydrocarbon. 2. Number the chain so that the substituent gets the lowest possible number. CH3CH2CH2CH2CHCH2CH3 CH2CH3 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 母体名：庚烷 heptane 全名：3-乙基庚烷（3- ethylheptane）
3、开链烷烃的命名 a3 Cite the name of the alkyl substituent before the parent hydrocarbon a number and a word are separated by a hyphen; numbers are separated by a comma. di, tri, tetra is used to express the number of the same substituents 234567 CH3CHCH2CH2cHCH2cCH32,5二甲基庚烷 CH 3 CH 3 2, 5-dimethyIheptane
3、开链烷烃的命名 3. Cite the name of the alkyl substituent before the parent hydrocarbon. —— A number and a word are separated by a hyphen; numbers are separated by a comma. di, tri, tetra is used to express the number of the same substituents CH3 CH3 CH3CHCH2CH2CHCH2CH3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 2,5-二甲基庚烷 2,5-dimethylheptane
3、开链烷烃的命名 a And list substituents in alphabetical order di, tri, tetra, sec, and tert are ignored in alphabetizing. "iSo, neo, and cyclo?are not ignored in alphabetizing CHCH CH CH CH3CH2CCH2CH2 CHCHCH2CH2 CH3 CH3CH2CH2 CHCH2 CH2CHCH3 CH2CH3 CH2CH3 CHCH CH 3 3, 3, 6-triethyl-7-methyldecane 5-isopropyl-2-methlyoctane
3、开链烷烃的命名 And list substituents in alphabetical order. —— “di, tri, tetra, sec, and tert” are ignored in alphabetizing. “iso, neo, and cyclo” are not ignored in alphabetizing. CH3CH2CCH2CH2CHCHCH2CH2CH3 CH2CH3 CH2CH3 CH2CH3 CH3 CH3CH2CH2CHCH2CH2CHCH3 CHCH3 CH3 CH3 3,3,6-triethyl-7-methyldecane 5-isopropyl-2-methlyoctane