猪肉品质
猪肉品质
What should we select for? Traits of economic importance Breeding female移选择什么重要经济性状 Age at puberty初情期 Breeding regularity配种规律性 Gestation length妊娠长短 Longevity寿命 Litter size产仔数 Growing/finishing pig生长/肥育猪 On- farm perforamnce场内性能 Growth rate生长速度 Feed efficiency饲料报酬 Carcass quality胴体品质 Tissue composition组织组成 Tissue distribution组织分布 Meat quality猪肉品质 Visual appeal- color肉色评分 Drip loss滴水损失 Eating quality食用品质 General:整体 Structural soundness (Legs and locomotion, Teat number) 形态结构(腿和运动,奶头数 Disease resistance?; Behavior?抗病性,行为
What should we select for? Traits of economic importance 我们应选择什么? 重要经济性状 Breeding Female: 种母猪 – Age at puberty 初情期 – Breeding regularity 配种规律性 – Gestation length 妊娠长短 – Longevity 寿命 – Litter size 产仔数 Growing/finishing pig: 生长/肥育猪 – On-farm perforamnce 场内性能 • Growth rate 生长速度 • Feed efficiency 饲料报酬 – Carcass quality 胴体品质 • Tissue composition 组织组成 • Tissue distribution 组织分布 – Meat quality 猪肉品质 • Visual appeal – color 肉色评分 • Drip loss 滴水损失 • Eating quality 食用品质 General: 整体 – Structural soundness (Legs and locomotion, Teat number) 形态结构(腿和运动, 奶头数 – Disease resistance?; Behavior? 抗病性,行为
Heritability estimates for some important traits in swine ( from cleveland et al.1986)重要性状的遗传力估值 Traits性状 Heritability(h2)遗传力 Litter survival to weaning断奶成活窝 Number farrowed产仔数 0.10 Number weaned断奶数 0.10 Birth weight出生重 0.20 Weaning weight断奶重 0.20 Feed efficiency饲料报酬 0.25 Growth rate生长速度 0.30 Age at puberty初情期 0.35 Backfat thickness( probed背膘厚(超声 0.40 Yield of lean cuts瘦肉率 0.40 Loin eye area眼肌面积 0.45 Backfat thickness( carcass)背膘厚(胴体) 0.50
Heritability estimates for some important traits in swine (from Cleveland et al. 1986)重要性状的遗传力估值 Traits性状 Heritability (h2 )遗传力 Litter survival to weaning断奶成活窝 0 Number farrowed 产仔数 0.10 Number weaned 断奶数 0.10 Birth weight 出生重 0.20 Weaning weight 断奶重 0.20 Feed efficiency 饲料报酬 0.25 Growth rate 生长速度 0.30 Age at puberty 初情期 0.35 Backfat thickness (probed)背膘厚(超声) 0.40 Yield of lean cuts 瘦肉率 0.40 Loin eye area 眼肌面积 0.45 Backfat thickness (carcass)背膘厚(胴体) 0.50
Selection Programs in Swine 猪的选择方案 Maximum progress will be made if selection is for a few traits with:如选少数选择可获最大进展 Moderate to high heritabilities中到高遗传力 that can be measured in the live animal, before puberty 初情期前可在活体度量 Emphasize male selection强化公猪选择 Test many- select few测得多-选得少 Replace breeding stock quickly快速更换种畜 Historically the major emphasis was(and still is) on selection for:历史上且至今主选性状是 GROWTH and CARCASS TRAITS生长和胴体性状
Selection Programs in Swine 猪的选择方案 • Maximum progress will be made if selection is for a few traits with: 如选少数选择可获最大进展 – Moderate to high heritabilities 中到高遗传力 – that can be measured in the live animal, before puberty 初情期前可在活体度量 – Emphasize male selection 强化公猪选择 – Test many – select few 测得多-选得少 – Replace breeding stock quickly 快速更换种畜 • Historically the major emphasis was (and still is) on selection for: 历史上且至今主选性状是 GROWTH and CARCASS TRAITS 生长和胴体性状
Indirect Measurement of Carcass Composition in the Live animal 胴体组成的活体间接测定 Live weight活重 Visual assessment主观评价 Body dimensions体型 Live animal probes活体测定 Photogrammetry摄影测量 Density密度 Ultrasound超声波 A- mode a型 Real-time实时 Velocity速度
Indirect Measurement of Carcass Composition in the Live Animal 胴体组成的活体间接测定 • Live weight 活重 • Visual assessment 主观评价 • Body dimensions 体型 • Live animal probes 活体测定 • Photogrammetry 摄影测量 • Density 密度 • Ultrasound 超声波 – A-mode A型 – Real-time 实时 – Velocity 速度