Chapter 8 Positive vs Negative Expressions (Affirmation VS. Negation) I Definition of Positive vS. Negative Expressions 凡是在英语中含有nO、not或者带有表示否定意思的词缀, 如de-、dis-、im-、in-、il-、un-、-less等成分的词句, 汉语中含有“否”、“非”、“无”、“没(有) 未 否”等成分的词句,都是反面表达;凡是不用 这些词或不带这些词缀的说法,都是正面表达
Chapter 8 Positive vs. Negative Expressions (Affirmation vs. Negation) • Ⅰ.Definition of Positive vs. Negative Expressions • 凡是在英语中含有no、not或者带有表示否定意思的词缀， 如de-、dis-、im-、in-、il-、un-、-less等成分的词句， 汉语中含有“否” 、 “非” 、 “无” 、 “没（有）、 “未” 、 “否”等成分的词句，都是反面表达；凡是不用 这些词或不带这些词缀的说法，都是正面表达
give/take, refuse/ accept 至于英语中的ge和take, refuse和 accept,以及汉语 中的“给”和“受”,“拒绝”和“接受”则都应该算正 面表达 ② dismiss(下课、令退) 另外,有些英语词;如 dismiss(下课、令退),虽然也用 了这类反面表达的词头,但因去掉词头的动词并没有与原 词相反的意义,所以也不能算作反面表达的词。也就是说, 凡是反面表达的词,去掉否定词缀后和原词的意思完全相 反,如: unimportant- important
• ① give/take, refuse/accept • 至于英语中的give和take, refuse和 accept，以及汉语 中的“给”和“受” ， “拒绝”和“接受”则都应该算正 面表达。 • ② dismiss (下课、令退) • 另外，有些英语词；如dismiss(下课、令退)，虽然也用 了这类反面表达的词头，但因去掉词头的动词并没有与原 词相反的意义，所以也不能算作反面表达的词。也就是说， 凡是反面表达的词，去掉否定词缀后和原词的意思完全相 反，如： unimportant-important
The positive and negative expressions of Chinese are similar to those of English in most cases there is usually no translating obstruction [ab'str∧kjen]障碍 between them. But there are some particular cases in which either English or Chinese can only adopt either positive or negative expressions. the differences in positive and negative expressions between Chinese and E nglish are due to the following principles
• The positive and negative expressions of Chinese are similar to those of English in most cases; there is usually no translating obstruction [ əb'strʌkʃən ] 障碍between them. But there are some particular cases in which either English or Chinese can only adopt either positive or negative expressions. The differences in positive and negative expressions between Chinese and English are due to the following principles:
(1) Different expression habits between English and Chinese eg. Wet paint 油漆未干。 这是一句招贴用语。汉语的习惯用“未干”与“油漆”搭 配,英语习惯用wet搭配“ paint”如果汉语说成“湿的油 漆”,英语说成“ paint nor dry都不符合英汉各自的用 法习惯
• (1) Different expression habits between English and Chinese, eg. • Wet paint • 油漆未干。 • 这是一句招贴用语。汉语的习惯用“未干”与“油漆”搭 配，英语习惯用wet搭配“paint”.如果汉语说成“湿的油 漆”，英语说成“paint nor dry”都不符合英汉各自的用 法习惯
2)For better rhetorical effects eg 解放区的巩固工作仍应注意 Meanwhile, the consolidation of the liberated areas must not be neglected ·英语的 must not be neglected要比 must be noticed修辞效 果好的多 Rhetorical devices are generally classified into two categories: communicative rhetorical devices aesthetic rhetorical devices The former focuses on logic and brevity of expressions, ncluding choice of words variety of sentence patterns organization of paragraphs arrangement of the whole discourse
• (2) For better rhetorical effects, eg. • 解放区的巩固工作仍应注意 • Meanwhile, the consolidation of the liberated areas must not be neglected. • 英语的must not be neglected 要比must be noticed 修辞效 果好的多。 • Rhetorical devices are generally classified into two categories: • communicative rhetorical devices • aesthetic rhetorical devices. • The former focuses on logic and brevity of expressions, including • choice of words, • variety of sentence patterns, • organization of paragraphs • arrangement of the whole discourse: •