Lecture 29: Postponement, Fronting and Inversion 后置( Postponement) ■后置是一种表示强调的语法手段,也就是把一个非句尾成分移 至句尾。 旧信息 Old Information)和新信息 New Information),句尾焦 点( End focus)和句尾重心( End weight): ■一个句子所传递的信息通常由两部分构成:旧信息/已知信息 ( Given/ Known information)+新信息 ■前者是指说话人认为或者假定对方已经了解的信息,这是信息 传递的出发点,通常由句子的主语表示。 后者是信息传递的重点,通常由句子的谓语表示,而新信息中 最关键的部分又通常出现在句尾,即信息焦点( nformation Focus),又叫句尾焦点 主语作为句子信息传递的出发点,在结构上通常比较简短,而 谓语作为信息传递的着重点,通常较长,较复杂,这种句构特 征叫做“句尾重心
Lecture 29: Postponement, Fronting and Inversion ◼ 后置(Postponement) ◼ 后置是一种表示强调的语法手段，也就是把一个非句尾成分移 至句尾。 ◼ 旧信息(Old Information)和新信息(New Information) ，句尾焦 点(End Focus)和句尾重心(End Weight): ◼ 一个句子所传递的信息通常由两部分构成 ：旧信息/已知信息 (Given/Known Information)+新信息。 ◼ 前者是指说话人认为或者假定对方已经了解的信息，这是信息 传递的出发点，通常由句子的主语表示。 ◼ 后者是信息传递的重点，通常由句子的谓语表示，而新信息中 最关键的部分又通常出现在句尾，即信息焦点(Information Focus)，又叫句尾焦点。 ◼ 主语作为句子信息传递的出发点，在结构上通常比较简短，而 谓语作为信息传递的着重点，通常较长，较复杂，这种句构特 征叫做“句尾重心
■根据“句尾重心”原则,在造句时要注意句子结构匀称,避免 头重脚轻的现象 That the president will visit rok has been reported by CCt It has been reported that the president will visit roK. 关键词语的后置 由于“句尾焦点”和“句尾重心”的关系,在组词成句时往往 将说话人认为最重要的内容置于句尾,使其处于突出的地位, 这种语法手段叫做“后置”。例如: He give me a book He give a book to me 前者的侧重点在 a book,适合于回答 What did he give you?后者侧 重在me,适合于回答 Who did he give the book to? ■更多例句参看教材第673-674页
◼ 根据“句尾重心” 原则，在造句时要注意句子结构匀称，避免 头重脚轻的现象。 ◼ That the president will visit ROK has been reported by CCTV. ◼ It has been reported that the president will visit ROK. ◼ 关键词语的后置 ◼ 由于“句尾焦点”和“句尾重心”的关系，在组词成句时往往 将说话人认为最重要的内容置于句尾，使其处于突出的地位， 这种语法手段叫做“后置”。例如： ◼ He give me a book. ◼ He give a book to me. ◼ 前者的侧重点在a book, 适合于回答What did he give you?后者侧 重在me，适合于回答Who did he give the book to? ◼ 更多例句参看教材第673-674页
■前置( Fronting)与倒装( Inversion) 定义 ■把在正常词序中通常较晚出现的成分移至句首,使之 处于突出的位置,从而受到特殊强调,这种语法手段 叫做前置。使用前置手段表示强调,有时不必改变词 序,有时则引起倒装。 口谓语动词放在主语之前的这种语法现象称为倒装。从 倒装的形式来看,可分为全部倒装( full inversion)和部 分倒装 partial Inversion 两种。前者是指整个谓语置于 主语之前,而后者仅是指助动词、情态动词或be动词 等功能置于主语这前
◼ 前置(Fronting)与倒装(Inversion) ◼ 定义 ◼ 把在正常词序中通常较晚出现的成分移至句首，使之 处于突出的位置，从而受到特殊强调，这种语法手段 叫做前置。使用前置手段表示强调，有时不必改变词 序，有时则引起倒装。 ◼ 谓语动词放在主语之前的这种语法现象称为倒装。从 倒装的形式来看，可分为全部倒装(full inversion)和部 分倒装(partial inversion)两种。前者是指整个谓语置于 主语之前，而后者仅是指助动词、情态动词或be 动词 等功能置于主语这前
引起倒装的情况多种多样,倒装的表现形式大体有下列几种: 在疑问句中 How are you getting along with your work? Is this report written in detail? 注:如疑问词作主语或者作定语修饰主语时,不发生倒装。如: Who should be responsible for the increasingly serious environmental pollution? Whose book is this? What is your name? a Which room belongs to you? 2.在 there be及其类似结构中 There are forty students in our class There seem to be still some elements undiscovered yet There stands a bridge across the river
◼ 引起倒装的情况多种多样，倒装的表现形式大体有下列几种： ◼ 1．在疑问句中 ◼ How are you getting along with your work? ◼ Is this report written in detail? ◼ 注：如疑问词作主语或者作定语修饰主语时，不发生倒装。如： ◼ Who should be responsible for the increasingly serious environmental pollution? ◼ Whose book is this? ◼ What is your name? ◼ Which room belongs to you? ◼ 2．在there be 及其类似结构中 ◼ There are forty students in our class. ◼ There seem to be still some elements undiscovered yet. ◼ There stands a bridge across the river
■3.在表示祝愿的句子中 ong live the People's republic of china May you succeed 在省略的虚拟语气条件状语从句中 这类句子中有were,had, should等词时,把were,had或 should置于 句首。 Were there no air or water there would be no life in the world a Had you been more careful, such spelling mistakes might have been avoide ed 5.在so,nor, neither或 no more开头的句子中 此类句子通常表示前面一句话中的谓语所说明的情况,也适用 于另一句中的主语。例如: u This problem is not difficult and neither is that one a Coal is under the ground in some places, and so is oil
◼ 3．在表示祝愿的句子中 ◼ Long live the People’s Republic of China! ◼ May you succeed! ◼ 4．在省略if的虚拟语气条件状语从句中 ◼ 这类句子中有were, had, should等词时，把were, had或should置于 句首。 ◼ Were there no air or water, there would be no life in the world. ◼ Had you been more careful, such spelling mistakes might have been avoided. ◼ 5．在so, nor, neither或no more开头的句子中 ◼ 此类句子通常表示前面一句话中的谓语所说明的情况，也适用 于另一句中的主语。例如： ◼ This problem is not difficult and neither is that one. ◼ Coal is under the ground in some places, and so is oil